Comparison of two ophthalmic solutions of olopatadine hydrochloride (0.1%) and epinastine hydrochloride (0.05%) on clinical signs of vernal keratoconjunctivitis and side effects of the two drugs

Background: Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a recurrent, bilateral, external, ocular inflammation primarily affecting young adults living in warm dry climates. The objectives of the research was to compare the two ophthalmic solutions of olopatadine hydrochloride (0.1%) and epinastine hydrochloride (0.05%) on clinical signs of vernal keratoconjuntivitis and to determine side effects of both the drugs.Methods: The study was carried out in 40 patients who attended the out-patient department (OPD) Ophthalmology, Darbhanga Medical College and Hospital, Laheriasarai from July 2007 to December 2008.  Forty patients with symptoms of VKC (ocular itching, ropy discharge, papillary hypertrophy, gelatinous thickening and horner-trantas spots were selected and included in our study.Results: Mean score of palpebral hyperemia at 0, 14, 28 and 42 days in olopatadine treated eye were 2.1, 1.4, 0.8 and 0.4 respectively having p value 0.05. Epinastine treated group mean score of palpebral hyperemia were 0.05 in all stages. Statistically insignificant reduction at day 14 while very significant reduction at day 28 and 42 was observed in epinastine treated eye as compared to placebo.Conclusions: The present study had shown that both olopatadine and epinastine were effective in treating clinical signs of VKC as compared to placebo

Evaluating Factors of CRM on Customer Satisfaction – Managerial Perspective of PTCL (Telecommunication Giant of Pakistan)

The aim of the study is to evaluate the factors of CustomerRelationship Management on Customer Satisfaction from the managerialperspective of PTCL employees (CRM users) to check the CRM is increasingcustomer satisfaction through this study. The research is quantitative bases inwhich the research is conducted through primary data received fromquestionnaire from the respondents of PTCL managerial level. Total populationis included in the research since it was small population. Total 78 populationsis forwarded online survey out of which 60 respondents submitted thequestionnaire and research is the results of 60 respondents receive. Theresearch is limited to Karachi bases due to having term paper report and it isalso limited to respondent CRM users only and managerial level is only BPS – 17and above is called managerial level as per definition of PTCL employees. Theresearch finds that the customer satisfaction is increasing due to CRM factorsof focusing key customers, organize around CRM, managing knowledge andincorporating CRM technology and results are contributing positively to thisstudy where majority of CRM users and managerial level have either remarkedwith strongly agree and agree which is showing mean greater than 3.0. The studyis followed by the research which is already conducted earlier and pastresearch shows that it can further be extended for evaluating sales growth andcustomer retention.Keywords: Customer Relationship Management, CustomerSatisfactio

Kebijakan Pengembangan Pariwisata Di Kawasan Malino Kabupaten Gowa

This study aimed to determine how the tourist attraction, amenities, accessibility, supporting facilities and institutional policies for tourism development in the Malino area, Gowa Regency. This study used descriptive qualitative research. The number of informants in this study was 8 people. Data collection techniques were observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study showed that aspects (1) tourism had been running, but the existence of Covid, the tourism development policy activities had not been maximized and were hampered by the allocation of funds. (2) The accessibility of each tourism development policy was less visible from the many roads that were potholes, narrow, but this was of course a special concern for local governments. (3) The amenities in tourism development policies were already running well. This could be seen in terms of the number of facilities provided by the government. (4) The supporting facilities for tourism development policies were good. This could be seen in terms of the infrastructure provided. (5) The tourism development policy institutions were already running well. This could be seen from the existence of an activity called Beautiful Malino, all people and business owners were involved Keywords: Policy, tourism developmen

Kinerja Polisi Satuan Lalu Lintas (Satlantas) Di Polres Wajo

Performance is one of the factors that determine the achievement of organizational goals. Based on this, this research purposed to determine the performance of the police in providing driving license (SIM) issuance services and the factors that influenced performance in providing Satlantas driving license issuance services at the Wajo Police. This research method used data collection through observation, interviews and documentation. The informants in this study were 8 people. The data that had been obtained from the research results are processed using descriptive qualitative analysis techniques. The results of this study showed the performance of  Police in the service of issuing a driving license (SIM) at the Wajo Police Satlantas office seen from the aspect of service quality where the service was passed by taking queue numbers that could be taken offline or online. It made easier for SIM applicants, the aspect of service responsiveness  had provided satisfaction with the community but the friendliness of the officers was still less, the responsiveness aspect had implemented the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP), and the accountability aspect was in accordance with its accountability but it constrainted on facilities and infrastructure but it was still be controlled properly.Keywords: Performance, driving license (SIM) Servic

Implementasi Program Inovasi Pelayanan Berkelanjutan Inseminsi Buatan Dan Gangguan Reproduksi Sapi Di Kabupaten Pinrang

This study purposed  to find out organizational and interorganizational behavior, lower level bureaucratic behavior, and the behavior of the target group towards the success of the service program for continuous innovation in artificial insemination and cow reproductive disorders in Pinrang Regency. The research method used qualitative. The number of informants in this study was 7 people. The data collection techniques were documentation, observation, and interviews. The results of the study showed that organizational and inter-organizational behavior determine the success of implementation through improvement / strengthening of organizational structure, collaborating between organizations, developing various inter-organizational interests and actions to achieve organizational goals, in this case the government for implementing sustainable service innovation programs for artificial insemination and reproductive disorders in Pinrang Regency

Kualitas Pelayanan Drive Thru Pajak Kendaraan Bermotor Di Samsat Pembantu Pettarani Upt (Unit Pelaksana Teknis) Pendapatan Wilayah Makassar

This study purposed to find out how good the service quality of vehicle tax drive thru in Samsat Pettarani Assistant UPT (Technical Implementation Unit) Makassar regional revenue. The method used quantitative research methods with descriptive research type with data collection techniques through questionnaires. The sample in this study were 50 people and the sampling method used accidental sampling technique. The results of this study showed that the service quality of vehicle tax drive thru in Samsat Assistant Pettarani UPT (Technical Implementation Unit) Makassar regional revenue showed that the physical appearance aspects of service officers, facilities and infrastructure were very good, then the reliability of service officers in the service completion process it was on time, the responsiveness of service officers responds,  provided fast and precise services, as well as guarantees provided by service officers such as timeliness of service completion, transparency, supervision and appropriate legitimacy and empathy aspects of service officers in the form of service officer courtesy, friendliness, not discriminating which showed very well.Keywords: Quality, drive thru service, motor vehicle ta

Osteomyelitis of Scapula with Secondary Septic Arthritis of Shoulder Joint in a Six Month Old Child

We report a case of delayed diagnosis of osteomyelitis of the scapula extending to glenoid, with secondary septic arthritis of glenohumeral joint in a 6-month-old female infant. We performed urgent arthrotomy of the shoulder joint through an anterior approach with drainage of pus from the scapula through a posterior approach and prescribed intravenous antibiotics. Diagnosis was delayed as the patient initially presented with pneumonia, for which she was treated in the neonatal intensive care unit; at that time, all medical efforts were directed toward saving her life. Had the diagnosis been made earlier, septic arthritis of the shoulder might have been prevented. Diagnosis of septic shoulder arthritis is rare and difficult, requiring a high index of suspicion

Psychometric Evaluation of Dietary Habits Questionnaire for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

This research evaluated the psychometric properties of English version of dietary habits questionnaires developed for type 2 diabetic patients. There is scarcity of literature about availability of standardized questionnaires for assessing dietary habits of type 2 diabetics in Saudi Arabia. As dietary habits vary from country to country, therefore, this was an attempt to develop questionnaires that can serve as a baseline. Through intensive literature review, four questionnaires were developed / modified and subsequently tested for psychometric properties. Prior to pilot study, a pre-test was conducted to evaluate the face validity and content validity. The pilot study was conducted from 23 October – 22 November, 2016 to evaluate the questionnaires’ reliability and validity. Systematic random sampling technique was used to collect the data from 132 patients by direct investigation method. Questionnaires assessing diabetes mellitus knowledge (0.891), dietary knowledge (0.869), dietary attitude (0.841) and dietary practices (0.874) had good internal consistency reliability. Factor analysis conducted on dietary attitude questionnaire showed a valid 5 factor solution. Directions of loadings were positive and free from factorial complexity. Relying on the data obtained from type 2 diabetics, these questionnaires can be considered as reliable and valid for the assessment of dietary habits in Saudi Arabia and neighbouring Gulf countries population

Effect of Diet on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review

Globally, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is considered as one of the most common diseases. The etiology of T2DM is complex and is associated with irreversible risk factors such as age, genetic, race, and ethnicity and reversible factors such as diet, physical activity and smoking. The objectives of this review are to examine various studies to explore relationship of T2DM with different dietary habits/patterns and practices and its complications. Dietary habits and sedentary lifestyle are the major factors for rapidly rising incidence of DM among developing countries. In type 2 diabetics, recently, elevated HbA1c level has also been considered as one of the leading risk factors for developing microvascular and macrovascular complications. Improvement in the elevated HbA1c level can be achieved through diet management; thus, the patients could be prevented from developing the diabetes complications. Awareness about diabetes complications and consequent improvement in dietary knowledge, attitude, and practices lead to better control of the disease. The stakeholders (health-care providers, health facilities, agencies involved in diabetes care, etc.) should encourage patients to understand the importance of diet which may help in disease management, appropriate self-care and better quality of life

FREQUENCY OF 25-HYDROXY VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of 25-hydroxy vitamin-D deficiency in Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Civil Hospital Karachi, Pakistan from January to December 2019. One hundred and sixty five diagnosed cases of MS of either gender, aging 20-55 years, not taking vitamin-D supplements, steroids and could go outside in the sun were selected through non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Patients having history of rickets, parathyroid disease, chronic liver or renal diseases were excluded. Blood sample was taken to measure 25-hydroxyl vitamin D3 levels. A level of <20 ng/ml was considered as vitamin-D deficient. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify determinants. RESULTS: Out of 165 MS patients, 106 (64.24%) were females, 66 (40%) had income between PKR 10000-25000, 51 (30.9%) were illiterate and 12 (7.3%) had graduate level education. Majority (n=101; 61.21%) had relapsing-remitting MS. Mean age of enrolled participants was 32.92±8.19 years and mean duration of MS was 2.17±0.84 years. Ninety-nine (60%) patients had history of adequate sun exposure. Vitamin-D deficiency in MS patients was 55 (33.3%). Female patients with MS had 2.9 times more likely to be vitamin-D deficient compared to male patients (95% CI: 1.3-6.5). Vitamin-D deficiency In MS patients having no or primary level education patients was recorded in 38 (69.1%) patients as compared to 17 (31.9%) case having secondary or higher education (p-value=0.046). CONCLUSION: Vitamin-D deficiency is common in MS patients. Female and less educated MS patients are at a higher risk of being vitamin-D deficient