Phase-coexisting patterns, horizontal segregation and controlled convection in vertically vibrated binary granular mixtures

We report new patterns, consisting of coexistence of sub-harmonic/harmonic and asynchronous states [for example, a granular gas co-existing with (i) bouncing bed, (ii) undulatory subharmonic waves and (iii) Leidenfrost-like state], in experiments on vertically vibrated binary granular mixtures in a Heleshaw-type cell. Most experiments have been carried out with equimolar binary mixtures of glass and steel balls of same diameter by varying the total layer-height ($F$) for a range of shaking acceleration ($\Gamma$). All patterns as well as the related phase-diagram in the ($\Gamma, F$)-plane have been reproduced via molecular dynamics simulations of the same system. The segregation of heavier and lighter particles along the horizontal direction is shown to be the progenitor of such phase-coexisting patterns as confirmed in both experiment and simulation. At strong shaking we uncover a {\it partial} convection state in which a pair of convection rolls is found to coexist with a Leidenfrost-like state. The crucial role of the relative number density of two species on controlling the buoyancy-driven granular convection is demonstrated. A possible model for spontaneous horizontal segregation is suggested based on anisotropic diffusion

Fine Particle Processing - A difficult Problem for Mineral Engineers

In general, most of the ores contain valuable mineral in finely disseminated form resulting in the recovery of these fine mineral particles exceedingly difficult.Mineral industries in common generate a lot of rejects in theform offines and slimes, which ultimately create environmental and social problems besides causing losses of mineral values. In view of the recent stringent policy imposed by the Govt. of India on environment, there is an urgent need to attempt a possible solution to such problems . In this paper, why slimes are a problem, the limitation of present processes and equipment and the advances in mineral proc-essing for recovery of mineral values from fines have been focussed

Implikasi Pengaturan Lingkungan Hidup Terhadap Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Dalam Kegiatan Bisnis (Perspektif Konstitusi)

In the Act of 1945 (before amendment) environment is part and Chapter XIV of the National Economy and Social Welfare, precisely in Article 33 paragraph (3). After the amendment, the environment gets the settings in Chapter XA of Human Rights, which in Article 28H (1) and Chapter XIV of the National Economy and Social Welfare, which in Article 33 paragraph (3) and (4). Environmental settings in the constitution of course have implications for legislation, including legislation business activities. There are a number of regulations of business activities that have included environmental material in it. Law No. 40 of 2007 on Limited Company is a business law institutions that have incorporated environmental material. While the laws governing business activities have included environmental material of which is Law No. 25 of 2007 on Investment, Law No. 10 of 1998, and a number of other legislative business activities

Stateowned Enterprise and Public Service Obligation in the Sector of Oil and Gas

The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia regulates natural recources in its particular article. Then, the Energy Law and the Oil and Gas Law regulate the state's control of oil and natural gas. In the sectoral regulations of oil and gas, there is a public service obligation (PSO) which must be assumed by the Government and State Owned Enterprises (SOE). Meanwhile, in the SOE Law introduced entity Perum and Persero. Where in Perum entities carrying out public service, while the Persero entity to assume the role for profit. But in practice found a PSO on the oil and gas sector carried by state-run entities Persero. IntisariDalam Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia 1945 diatur penguasaan negara terhadap sumber daya alam. Kemudian UU Enegi dan UU Minyak dan Gas Bumi mengatur penguasaan negara terhadap minyak dan gas bumi. Dalam pengaturan sektoral di bidang tersebut juga mengatur kewajiban pelayanan umum yang harus diemban oleh pemerintah dan BUMN. Sementara itu dalam UU BUMN diperkenalkan entitas Perusahaan Umum (Perum) dan Perseroan Terbatas (Persero). Dimana entitas Perum mengemban peran pelayanan umum (public service), sementara entitas Persero mengemban peran mencari keuntungan (profit oriented). Namun dalam praktek ditemukan kewajiban pelayanan umum pada sektor minyak dan gas bumi diemban oleh BUMN dengan entitas Persero

BUMN Dan Penguasaan Negara Di Bidang Ketenagalistrikan

Tenaga listrik merupakan salah satu kebutuhan penting bagi masyarakat dewasa ini. Kebutuhan terhadap tenaga listrik terus meningkat dari waktu ke waktu sesuai dengan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi, dan sumber daya manusia. Dalam Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 (UUD 1945) penguasaan ketenagalistrikan berada dalam penguasaan negara. Dimana dalam pasal 33 ayat (2) UUD 1945 dinyatakan: "Cabang-cabang produksi yang penting bagi negara dan yang menguasai hidup orang banyak dikuasai oleh negara." Namun sebagian penguasaan negara terhadap energi kelistrikan dianulir oleh Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2009 tentang Ketenagalistrikan, misalnya dalam Pasal 11 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2009 tentang Ketenagalistrikan menyatakan: "Usaha penyediaan tenaga listrik untuk kepentingan umum sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 10 ayat (1) dilaksanakan oleh badan USAha milik negara, badan USAha milik daerah, badan USAha swasta, koperasi, dan swadaya masyarakat yang berusaha di bidang penyediaan tenaga listrik." Namun dengan ditetapkan putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi perkara nomor: 111/PUU-XIII/2015, penguasaan negara dan BUMN di bidang ketenagalistrikan kembali dikukuhkan dan dikuatkan dengan putusan tersebut.Electric power is one important requirement for today's society. The need for power is growing from time to time in accordance with developments in science, technology, and human resources. In the Constitution of 1945 (UUD 1945) mastery of electricity in the possession of the state. Where in the Article 33 paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution states: "The branches of production that are important to the state and which are controlled by the state." But most of the state's control of the electrical energy annulled by Act Number 30 of 2009 on Electricity, for example in Article 11 paragraph (1) of Law Number 30 Year 2009 on electricity states: "enterprises electricity supply to the public interest as referred to in Article 10 paragraph (1) conducted by state-owned enterprises, local owned enterprises, entities private enterprises, cooperatives, and non-government organizations are endeavoring in the field of electricity supply." But with the Constitutional Court decision determined case number: 111/PUU-XIII/2015, control of the state and state-owned electricity sector re-confirmed and strengthened by the decision

The association of rate pressure product (RPP) and myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) findings: A preliminary study

Introduction: The product of heart rate and systolic blood pressure, termed as rate-pressure product (RPP), is a very reliable indicator of myocardial oxygen demand and is widely used clinically. There have been previous attempts to describe the relationship between RPP and the onset of pain in angina pectoris. The current study aimed to evaluate the association between RPP results and scan findings.Materials and methods: In total, 497 patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) underwent gated, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging with dipyridamole, exercise, or dobutamine stress, and were included in this study. Baseline and maximum heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and electrocardiogram (ECG) results were recorded. The rate-pressure product (RPP) was calculated as the product of heart rate and systolic arterial pressure for both baseline and maximum measures. The difference between the RPP max and the basal RPP is known as the RPP reserve. Researchers also obtained semi-quantitative analyses of myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI), using gated software, demographic information, risk factors of CAD, and pretest likelihoods of CAD using nomograms.Result: Four hundred and ninety-seven cases, including 426 patients with dipyridamole stress, 59 with exercise stress, and 12 with dobutamine stress, underwent myocardial perfusion imaging. Scan results were positive in 194 (45.5) and negative in 232 (54.5) patients with dipyridamole stress. In patients with exercise stress, the scan was positive in 24 (40.7) cases and negative in 35 (59.3) cases. In dobutamine stressed patients, the scan was positive in 6 (50) cases and negative in the 6 remaining cases. Dipyridamole stress resulted in a significant difference between HR at rest and at maximum (28.95 ± 24.53, p-value<0.0001), between systolic BP at rest and maximum (6.75 ± 12.50, p-value<0.0001) and between diastolic BP at rest and maximum (1.45 ± 5.80; p-value<0.0001). There was a significant correlation between sum stress scores (SSS) and reserved RPP (r= -0.12, p-value<0.001) which, in dipyridamole patients, was r=-0.18, p-value=0.0001). In addition, there was a significant association between reserved RPP and risk of CAD (p-value<0.001). In the patients with dipyridamole stress, the ejection fraction (EF) change (odds ratio =0.92; 95 CI: 0.86-0.98; p=0.01), reserve RPP (odds ratio =1.00; 95 CI: 1.00-1.00; p=0.04), risk of CAD (odds ratio =5.80; 95 CI: 3.21-10.50; p<0.0001) and age (odds ratio =0.94; 95 CI: 0.89-0.98; p=0.01) were associated significantly with MPI results, using multiple logistic regressions.Conclusion. The study demonstrated that RPP is associated with MPI findings using gated SPECT imaging with dipyridamole stress. However, to confirm this preliminary result, further studies are mandatory. © The Author(s) 2012

Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy of Gmelina arborea Roxb. Leaf Extracts

Gmelina arborea Roxb. is belong to the family of Verbenaceae, have been used for a long time in traditional medicine to treat a wide range of medical ailments. Through the use of the FTIR spectroscopy technique, the objective of this research is to investigate the effects of the extracts of Gmelina arborea leaves obtained from methanol, hydro alcohol, aqueous, hexane, and ethyl acetate. FTIR, which stands for "Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy," is an analytical method that is both rapid and nondestructive. In order to determine the usual peak values and the functional groups that are present in Gmelina arborea leaf extracts, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used on a spectrophotometer system. FTIR testing confirmed that each extract did, in fact, contain a variety of functional groups that were biologically active