Incidence and predisposition of the hip dysplasia in Hungarian shepherd dogs

Dogs with CHD are born with normal hips that later undergo varying degrees of subluxation of the coxofemoral joint. Although the aetiology of CHD is multifactorial, the pathogenesis or stages of change within the affected coxofemoral joint(s) are similar regardless of cause. With the onset of disease, there are progressive structural changes including joint laxity and femoral head subluxation, swelling, stretching, fraying, and eventual rupture of the teres ligament; articular cartilage, eburnation of subchondral bone, DJD and perioarticular ostephyte formation. It is very hard to decide to which extent CHD is multifactorial genetic. If hip dysplasia; then it is likely that the disease is genetic and that the dog will also be a carrier. However, this is unfortunately not enough to prove if a dog will manifest with hip dysplasia or not. environmental factors might play a role as well. This would require a lot of research and studying though; hundreds and more dogs and their pedigrees should be examined before we can draw a conclusion of the disease being multifactorial or not.proceeding

Characterisation of Hungarian Tsigai variants based on control region of mtDNA

SUMMARY The maintenance of a greater genetic diversity is indispensable on the course of preservation of our old, rare domestic animal breeds. The authors analyse the genetic background by use of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence in the Hungarian native Tsigai breed firstly, and compare it to the sequences of Gen- Bank. Their investigation was carried out in order to serve data for a within family selection. The DNA samples were taken from the descendants of the eldest families based on herd booking (and additionally, from two more breed variants, altogether from 81 individuals) in 2014. The control region of mtDNA showed nucleotide deviation at 98 sites. However, the differences among the individuals were limited to few ones; so the maternal genetic background of the Tsigai breed seems to be unified. The genetic information confirmed the origin of the families/flocks known from the breed history. Ninety-four % of the samples belonged to the haplogroup B of sheep (in 42 cases with full matches with reference of GenBank, DQ852175.1). This fact proves the common maternal origin of the Hungarian Tsigai with the other European sheep breeds. A more intense focusing on the maternal side is motivated also by the fact that the females exceed in number the males, respectively they remain in breeding for a longer period of time, so they can at larger extent be the depositaries of realization and maintenance of genetic diversity

Evaluation of Maternal Genetic Background of Two Hungarian Autochthonous Sheep Breeds Coming from Different Geographical Directions

The aim of our research was the evaluation of the maternal genetic background of two Hungarian autochthonous sheep breeds of different geographical origin. A major argument for the preservation of endangered animal breeds is their documented past and historical importance. These also include the registration of pedigree data. This is the first study to evaluate and compare Tsigai and Cikta sheep in Hungary. Our investigation is based on two complete sequences of mitochondrial DNA (cytochrome b gene and control region). Our research was performed on these two sheep breeds with markedly different breed histories and breed characteristics to determine a possible common maternal genetic background, as ultimately the origin of both breeds can be traced back to Asia Minor. Between 2015 and 2017, a total of 203 biological samples were taken using a newly introduced founder sampling method. We found that the prevailing haplogroup B accounted for over 80% of both breeds, strengthening the common ancestral root. However, the pairwise genetic differentiation estimates (KST) calculated using the sequence-based statistics for cytochrome b gene and control region were 0.034 and 0.021, respectively (both at level p < 0.05); thus, revealing genetic differentiation in both sequences between the Tsigai and Cikta. We note that the known different history of the breeds is clearly justified by the currently studied deviations in their maternal genetic background

Comparison of mtDNA control region among descendant breeds of the extinct Zaupel sheep revealed haplogroup C and D in Central Europe

The consideration of the descendance is indispensable in the preservation of endangered animal breeds. The authors compared mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequence in three descendant breeds of the extinct Zaupel sheep, firstly. Their investigation was carried out in order to prove the common origin of Waldschaf (Austria), Bovec sheep (Slovenia) and Cikta (Hungary). A total of 118 biological samples were taken from non-related representatives of the three breeds between 2015 and 2017. A newly designed primer pair was also used to amplify the segment (1180 bp) to be tested. The total number of haplotypes in the whole study population was 49. The majority of which fell into haplogroup B. The significant negative value of the Fu\u27s Fs statistic (Fs statistic = −3.296, p = 0.013) based on haplotype frequencies demonstrated a moderate foreign gene flow. As a novel observation haplogroups C and D appeared in Cikta and Bovec sheep, respectively. The Tajima D-test value in the entire study population was −0.914 (p > 0.10), meaning that the separation of the three descendant breeds did not cause genetic drift, these are collectively in genetic equilibrium. The genetic information confirmed the common origin of the breeds known from the breed history