La Révolution française dans l’espace médiatique

Origines du projet Lorsque survient en Tunisie au début de l’année 2011 une révolte brutale et profonde contre les pouvoirs en place, révolte qui provoque la chute du gouvernement Ben Ali, la tentation a été forte chez les intellectuels français, et, singulièrement, parmi les historiens de la Révolution française, d’observer les événements en cours avec les lunettes de leur savoir académique et de leurs convictions de citoyens. L’un des premiers à écrire sur ce sujet a été Jean Tulard, le 18 ..

Improvement of the Trivalent Inactivated Flu Vaccine Using PapMV Nanoparticles

Commercial seasonal flu vaccines induce production of antibodies directed mostly towards hemaglutinin (HA). Because HA changes rapidly in the circulating virus, the protection remains partial. Several conserved viral proteins, e.g., nucleocapsid (NP) and matrix proteins (M1), are present in the vaccine, but are not immunogenic. To improve the protection provided by these vaccines, we used nanoparticles made of the coat protein of a plant virus (papaya mosaic virus; PapMV) as an adjuvant. Immunization of mice and ferrets with the adjuvanted formulation increased the magnitude and breadth of the humoral response to NP and to highly conserved regions of HA. They also triggered a cellular mediated immune response to NP and M1, and long-lasting protection in animals challenged with a heterosubtypic influenza strain (WSN/33). Thus, seasonal flu vaccine adjuvanted with PapMV nanoparticles can induce universal protection to influenza, which is a major advancement when facing a pandemic

Nippon ga : Laurent Guérin

"The series of photographs chosen in this work is the equation of two of the artist's journeys. The first had an exhilarating effect, the second, that of an interior cataclysm [...] these two moments faithfully reflect the country's duality; rich with its billion eras, yet wounded by the aseptisized anguishes of our present-day generation. Thus, Nozokibeya, Hiroshima and Geisha form three entities around the same enigma." -- pages 10-11

Platinaae : plateforme d’ingénieurie en chimie analytique au service de vos recherches

Platinaae : plateforme d’ingénieurie en chimie analytique au service de vos recherches. Congrès 2016 de la Société d'Ecotoxicologie Fondamentale et Appliqué

Healthcare resource utilization, healthcare costs and dose escalation in psoriasis patients initiated on ustekinumab versus adalimumab: a retrospective claim study

Background: Adalimumab and ustekinumab are effective psoriasis treatments. This study compares healthcare resource utilization (HRU), costs and dose escalation and describes starting dose trends in ustekinumab versus adalimumab psoriasis patients. Methods: Adult psoriasis patients initiating adalimumab/ustekinumab on/after 25 September 2009 were selected from a US claims database and classified into biologic-naïve and biologic-experienced samples. Results: A total of 602 ustekinumab and 3470 adalimumab biologic-naïve and 1193 ustekinumab and 1467 adalimumab biologic-experienced patients were included. In both samples, ustekinumab patients had significantly more days with medical services (biologic naïve: IRR =1.14; biologic experienced: IRR =1.08) and higher average total costs by more than $14,000 annually. Ustekinumab users were 2.6 and 1.9 times more likely to have a dose escalation (increase ≥45 mg in ustekinumab; ≥40 mg in adalimumab) in biologic-naive and biologic-experienced patients, respectively. Between S2/2009 and S1/2012, the proportion of patient initiating on high dose (ustekinumab: >45 mg/28 days; adalimumab: >160 mg/28 days) increased substantially for ustekinumab patients (biologic naïve: +18.6 percentage points [PP]; biologic experienced: +29.9 PP) but remain stable for adalimumab patients (biologic naïve: −0.3 PP; biologic experienced: +2.3 PP). Conclusion: Ustekinumab patients had more HRU, higher total costs and were more likely to have a dose escalation. The proportion of patients initiating ustekinumab high dose increased substantially between 2009 and 2012

Expression du génome de la cellule séricigène de Bombyx mori au dernier stade larvaire

International audienc

Subcellular partitioning of metals in Aporrectodea caliginosa along a gradient of metal exposure in 31 field-contaminated soils

Subcellular fractionation of metals in organisms was proposed as a better way to characterize metal bioaccumulation. Here we report the impact of a laboratory exposure to a wide range of field-metal contaminated soils on the subcellular partitioning of metals in the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa. Soils moderately contaminated were chosen to create a gradient of soil metal availability; covering ranges of both soil metal contents and of several soil parameters. Following exposure, Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations were determined both in total earthworm body and in three subcellular compartments: cytosolic, granular and debris fractions. Three distinct proxies of soil metal availability were investigated: CaCl2-extractable content dissolved content predicted by a semi-mechanistic model and free ion concentration predicted by a geochemical speciation model. Subcellular partitionings of Cd and Pb were modified along the gradient of metal exposure, while stable Zn partitioning reflected regulation processes. Cd subcellular distribution responded more strongly to increasing soil Cd concentration than the total internal content, when Pb subcellular distribution and total internal content were similarly affected. Free ion concentrations were better descriptors of Cd and Pb subcellular distribution than CaCl2 extractable and dissolved metal concentrations. However, free ion concentrations and soil total metal contents were equivalent descriptors of the subcellular partitioning of Cd and Pb because they were highly correlated. Considering lowly contaminated soils, our results raise the question of the added value of three proxies of metal availability compared to soil total metal content in the assessment of metal bioavailability to earthworm

The impact of redox conditions on the rare earth element signature of redoximorphic features in a soil sequence developed from limestone

Redox processes, which are widespread in soils, need to be quantified for an improved comprehension of the dynamics of Fe- and Mn-oxides and their associated trace elements. The classical methodology used to study these redox processes generally relies on the quantification of all mineral species in the various pedological features that can be related to different redox stages. However, this approach usually encounters the difficulty of precisely quantifying the different forms of poorly crystallised Fe- and Mn-oxides. In this study, we use the signature of rare earth elements (REEs) to visualise and, eventually, quantify the importance of redox processes in soils. Our approach relies on that developed by Laveuf et al. (2008) and the idea that the relative contribution to the mobilisation of REEs that is made by the primary minerals reactive to redox conditions depends on the following factors: (i) their initial proportion in the different pedological features that can be related to various redox processes, (ii) their relative mobilisation during the redox process in question, and (iii) their initial REE signatures. The catena studied is characterised by two stages of redox conditions: the first is related to the formation and subsequent dissolution of Fe–Mn concretions, and the second is related to the bleaching of the soil matrix due to morphological degradation. In this soil, the main minerals reactive to redox conditions are Mn-oxides, ferrihydrite, goethite and (fluor)apatite. The results indicate that the primary redox conditions can be characterised by a positive Ce anomaly on the REE pattern, which has been attributed to a preferential immobilisation of this element, due to its association with Mn-oxides. The results also indicate that the secondary redox conditions can be characterised by depletion in medium REEs (MREEs) in the REE pattern, which has been attributed to a preferential release of these elements during the dissolution of (fluor)apatite and, to a lesser extent, of ferrihydrite. These results emphasise the potential of REE signatures of the visualisation of the various redox processes that have been active in a soil. Additionally, REE signatures are a proxy of the frequency and intensity of the redox conditions. Highlights ► Identification of redoximorphic features. ► Speciation of rare earth elements in redoximorphic features. ► Impact of redox conditions on rare earth mobilization. ► Interpretation of changes in speciation and of fractionations. ► Use of rare earth elements as tracers of redox processes

Use of an in vitro digestion method to estimate human bioaccessibility of Cd in vegetables grown in smelter-impacted soils: the influence of cooking

International audienceMetal contamination of urban soils and homegrown vegetables has caused major concern. Some studies showed that cadmium (Cd) was among the most significant hazards in kitchen garden soils and prolonged exposure to this metal could cause deleterious health effects in humans. In general, most risk assessment procedures are based on total concentrations of metals in vegetables. The present study assesses human bioaccessibility of Cd in vegetables cultivated in smelter-impacted kitchen garden soils. Seven vegetables (radish, lettuce, French bean, carrot, leek, tomato, and potato) were considered. Using the UBM protocol (unified BARGE bioaccessibility method), the bioaccessibility of Cd was measured in raw/cooked vegetables. A considerable amount of Cd was mobilized from raw vegetables during the digestion process (on average 85 % in the gastric phase and 69 % in the gastrointestinal phase), which could be attributed to a high uptake of Cd during the growth of the vegetables. Most Cd is accumulated in the vacuoles of plant cells, except what is absorbed by the cell wall, allowing Cd to be released from plant tissues under moderate conditions. Cooking by the steaming process generally increased the bioaccessibility of Cd in French bean, carrot, and leek. For potato, few or no significant differences of Cd bioaccessibility were observed after the steaming process, while the frying process strongly decreased bioaccessibility in both phases. The estimation of metal bioaccessibility in vegetables is helpful for human health risk assessment