Alien Registration- Caron, Annie (Presque Isle, Aroostook County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/33401/thumbnail.jp

Carbon allocation during defoliation : testing a defense-growth trade-off in balsam fir

During repetitive defoliation events, carbon can become limiting for trees. To maintain growth and survival, the resources have to be shared more efficiently, which could result in a trade-off between the different physiological processes of a plant. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of defoliation in carbon allocation of balsam fir [Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.] to test the presence of a trade-off between allocation to growth, carbon storage, and defense. Three defoliation intensities [control (C-trees, 0% defoliation), moderately (M-trees, 41-60%), and heavily (H-trees, 61-80%) defoliated] were selected in order to monitor several variables related to stem growth (wood formation in xylem), carbon storage in stem and needle (non-structural soluble sugars and starch), and defense components in needles (terpenoids compound) from May to October 2011. The concentration of starch was drastically reduced in both wood and leaves of H-trees with a quasi-absence of carbon partitioning to storage in early summer. Fewer kinds of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were formed with an increasing level of defoliation indicating a lower carbon allocation for the production of defense. The carbon allocation to wood formation gradually reduced at increasing defoliation intensities, with a lower growth rate and fewer tracheids resulting in a reduced carbon sequestration in cell walls. The hypothesis of a trade-off between the allocations to defense components and to non-structural (NCS) and structural (growth) carbon was rejected as most of the measured variables decreased with increasing defoliation. The starch amount was highly indicative of the tree carbon status at different defoliation intensity and future research should focus on the mechanism of starch utilization for survival and growth following an outbreak

Processus de guérison par les actions rituelles et l'image archétypique : témoignages d'un parcours avec Ryszard Nieoczym (LeTHAL)

Ce projet de création-recherche s’inscrit dans une démarche parathéâtrale menée de 2006 à 2012 à travers les ateliers du théâtre de recherche et performance LeTHAL (Le Theatre de l’Homme Actor’s Laboratorium). Le présent mémoire a pour objectif d’approfondir le questionnement sur le potentiel de guérison du théâtre, plus spécifiquement celui de l’image archétypique et des actions rituelles. Il s’agit d’une description des éléments (les universels du mythe, du théâtre et du rituel) qui ont eu le plus grand potentiel de guérison dans mon processus de recherche d’équilibre. Ce mémoire s’articule autour des témoignages que constituent le projet de création Auto-autopsie et certains extraits de mon journal d’expériences avec le maître de théâtre Ryszard Nieoczym.This creation-research project is a paratheatrical research process experienced through workshops with LeTHAL Theatre (Le Theatre de l’Homme Actor’s Laboratorium) between 2006 and 2012. This Master’s thesis aims at deepening the questioning about the healing potential of theatre, more specifically archetypal images and ritual actions. The following document describes the elements (the universals of myth, theatre and ritual) that have had the greatest healing potential in my process of looking for a state of balance. This thesis includes testimonials : the creation project Auto-autopsie, and selected excerpts from my journal of experiences with the theatre master Ryszard Nieoczym

Étalonnage et validation d'un générateur de climat dans le contexte des changements climatiques

Ce mémoire présente un générateur stochastique de climat en tant qu'outil permettant l'étude des changements climatiques. Les générateurs Lars-WG et WGEN sont sélectionnés pour représenter les deux grandes catégories existantes. La comparaison entre leur performance respective est effectuée en utilisant des indices relatifs aux précipitations et aux températures, et certains tests statistiques. Des modifications sont apportées à la version de base de WGEN pour permettre de développer un nouveau générateur, appelé WeaGETS, simulant mieux les extrêmes dans le contexte du climat canadien. Les modifications apportées sont évaluées à l'aide d'une validation directe pour plusieurs régions québécoises, et d'une validation indirecte effectuée sur un bassin versant du sud du Québec. Les résultats obtenus à la suite de ces validations montrent que les modifications apportées à la version de base de WGEN ont servi à améliorer considérablement la performance du nouveau générateur WeaGETS dans le contexte du climat canadien

Conditions de travail et seniors : quelques expériences

"Connaissance de l'emploi" est une publication mensuelle du Centre d'études de l'emploi. Ce quatre pages valorise les travaux du Centre. Il constitue un support de synthèse éclairant une question d'actualité ou présentant un aspect particulier d'une recherche.Que se passe-t-il concrètement quand des entreprises cherchent à améliorer les conditions de travail ou prévenir la pénibilité, en lien avec les réflexions et négociations suscitées par la loi de 2008 sur l'emploi des seniors ? L'étude présentée s'efforce de répondre à cette question en se focalisant sur quatre initiatives, qui illustrent au mieux la diversité des solutions adoptées mais aussi des difficultés rencontrées en matière d'adaptation des conditions de travail aux seniors. L'amélioration des conditions de travail et la prévention de la pénibilité constituent un domaine d'action durablement investi par des entreprises conscientes de l'enjeu que constitue le maintien en emploi des seniors. L'étude souligne l'importance, pour les directions comme pour la réussite des actions menées, d'une connaissance fine des compétences des salariés et des conditions de réalisation des tâches, sans perdre de vue les performances et la compétitivité de l'entreprise ainsi que le cadre posé par la loi

Volatile compounds in the foliage of balsam fir analyzed by static headspace gas chromatography (HS-GC) : an example of the spruce budworm defoliation effect in the boreal forest of Quebec, Canada

Many studies have focused on the influence of needle defense compounds that are produced when trees are attacked. Spruce budworm is the most important defoliator of conifers in eastern North America causing tree mortality. Volatile components such as terpenes are of importance as they are known to be agents of defense in plants and trees against many aggressors like spruce budworm. In this study, the static headspace gas chromatography (HS-GC) method was used to evaluate volatile compounds in the foliage of balsam fir (Abies balsamea) in order to compare the results obtained with the traditional GC–MS method. An advantage of analyzing plant volatile compounds with the HS-GC was the simplicity of execution, allowing a large number of samples to be treated. The most abundant volatile molecules were identified on the HS-GC chromatogram, except for some compounds such as α-thujene, fenchone, terpin-1-en-4-ol and α-terpineol. In addition to the qualitative analysis of terpene, a quantitative analysis of β-phellandrene was done to compare the variation of this compound between a control and a defoliated site. This study suggests that β-phellandrene was released as a response to injuries when the site was heavily defoliated by spruce budworm

Verbal and non-verbal parental mentalizing profiles: distinct profiles, different effects on infant attachment

Recent research in child developmental psychology has shed light on the key role played by parents’ capacity to make sense and interpret accurately child’s mental states (i.e., cognition, emotions) – namely parental mentalizing – on the quality of parent-infant relationships. Despite this increasing interest, previous research has examined parental mentalizing as a unidimensional construct focusing on verbal and explicit processes (i.e., mind-mindedness, parental reflective functioning, PRF). A recent tendency to consider the multidimensional nature of parental mentalizing is observed in current research, particularly by considering the verbal and non-verbal (i.e., parental embodied mentalizing, PEM) dimensions of parental mentalizing (Gagné et al., 2021; Shai et al., 2017; Shai & Meins, 2018). Consistent with these recent developments, this symposium includes three presentations that highlights the unique and complementary roles of verbal and non-verbal parental mentalizing for the parent-infant relationship. First presentation identifies the unique contribution of PEM to the longitudinal prediction of toddlers’ cognitive and linguistic development above and beyond sensitivity and PRF. Based on data collected in three different countries (Canada, England, and Israel), the second presentation shows four distinct profiles of verbal and non-verbal parental mentalizing: Low, High, Good Enough, and Non-Attuned. When compared to the Low profiles, Good Enough, High, and Non-Attuned profiles were associated with distinct infant attachment security and disorganized patterns. The last presentation reveals that exposure to attachment-based intervention was linked to a greater level of parental mind-mindedness and sensitivity. Together, these presentations shed light on how parent ability to mentalize verbally and non-verbally contributes to parent-infant interaction

Parental mentalizing profiles : When distinct patterns of verbal and nonverbal parental mentalizing profiles are associated with different effects on infant attachment

In the last 50 years, researchers have been intrigued by uncovering mechanisms involved in the development of parent-child attachment security. Contemporary researchers have identified parental mentalizing as an important contributor of child attachment security. Although empirical studies and a meta-analysis have highlighted the role played by parental mentalizing on child attachment, most of the research thus far has focused on verbal and explicit processes involved in parental mentalizing. To deepen understanding the role played by parental mentalizing, some researchers have recently been interested in the relative contributions of these two dimensions, verbal (i.e., mind-mindedness) and nonverbal (i.e., parental embodied mentalizing, PEM) parental mentalizing. Current studies tend to support the unique role played by verbal and nonverbal dimensions particularly on infant attachment security. However, how verbal and nonverbal parental mentalizing interact with one another on the individual level, and subsequently, how they relate to the parent-infant attachment relationship remains largely unknown. Using a person-centered approach, this study aimed to identify verbal and nonverbal mentalizing profiles and their associations with infant attachment (security and disorganization). Based on longitudinal studies from three different countries (Canada, United Kingdom, and Israel), the sample of this study included 412 mothers-infant dyads. Mind-mindedness (verbal) and PEM (nonverbal) were assessed based on observations made during a 15-minutes mother-infant interactions free play interactions when the infants were 6 to 8 months old according to two distinct observational procedures. Infant attachment security and disorganized were measured using The Strange Situation Procedure at 16 months. Through latent profile analyses, three distinct profiles based on verbal and nonverbal parental mentalizing profiles were identified (low consistent, high consistent, and inconsistent). Results showed that the low consistent profile, compared to high consistent or inconsistent one, had distinct associations regarding infant attachment security. Infant whose parents were in the low consistent-profile present more disorganization compared to high consistent-profile. To our knowledge, this study is the first to explore parental mentalizing profile based on verbal and nonverbal parental mentalizing and their associations with infant attachment. Our results thus highlight the importance of considering both aspects parental mentalization within the parent-infant relationship

MOSAIC: an online database dedicated to the comparative genomics of bacterial strains at the intra-species level

BACKGROUND: The recent availability of complete sequences for numerous closely related bacterial genomes opens up new challenges in comparative genomics. Several methods have been developed to align complete genomes at the nucleotide level but their use and the biological interpretation of results are not straightforward. It is therefore necessary to develop new resources to access, analyze, and visualize genome comparisons. DESCRIPTION: Here we present recent developments on MOSAIC, a generalist comparative bacterial genome database. This database provides the bacteriologist community with easy access to comparisons of complete bacterial genomes at the intra-species level. The strategy we developed for comparison allows us to define two types of regions in bacterial genomes: backbone segments (i.e., regions conserved in all compared strains) and variable segments (i.e., regions that are either specific to or variable in one of the aligned genomes). Definition of these segments at the nucleotide level allows precise comparative and evolutionary analyses of both coding and non-coding regions of bacterial genomes. Such work is easily performed using the MOSAIC Web interface, which allows browsing and graphical visualization of genome comparisons. CONCLUSION: The MOSAIC database now includes 493 pairwise comparisons and 35 multiple maximal comparisons representing 78 bacterial species. Genome conserved regions (backbones) and variable segments are presented in various formats for further analysis. A graphical interface allows visualization of aligned genomes and functional annotations. The MOSAIC database is available online at http://genome.jouy.inra.fr/mosaic