Development of an analytical method by GC/MS/MS of 27 pesticides present in the different phases of the atmosphere (gas,particulate,liquid),Application to the study of space-time variations of levels of concentrations in air and rain water

Ce travail de recherche porte sur le transport local de produits phytosanitaires des zones d'épandage vers la zone urbaine de Strasbourg et sur les processus de dépôts de pesticides par les pluies en zone urbaine et en zone rurale. Les pesticides présents dans l'atmosphère se répartissent suivant leurs propriétés physico-chimiques dans les 3 phases (liquide, gazeuse et particulaire). Le suivi de 27 pesticides proposés par la chambre d'agriculture du Bas-Rhin et les plus communément utilisés en Alsace a été effectué.Il a été choisi d'identifier et de quantifier les produits phytosanitaires dans les différentes phases par une méthode de chromatographie en phase gazeuse couplée à la spectrométrie de masse en tandem suivant la technologie de la trappe d'ions et ceci en impact électronique. Afin de détecter les traces de pesticides dans les eaux de pluie, une méthode d'extraction par micro-extraction sur phase solide (SPME) a été optimisée. Des niveaux de contaminations de l'air des différentes zones ont été déterminés et des variations saisonnières pour un certain nombre de pesticides ont été observées. Il a été mis en évidence des concentrations en métolachlore, alachlore, trifluraline, atrazine et diflufénicanil plus importantes pendant les périodes de traitements. Le métolachlore et l'alachlore qui sont des herbicides très utilisés pour la protection des cultures céréalières, ont été retrouvés à des concentrations élevées dans les eaux de pluie (jusqu'à 5,9 g.L-1 pour l'alachlore sur le site de Strasbourg dans les pluies du 28 avril 2003 au 15 mai 2003).Ces mesures permettent également de suivre la répartition de ces polluants entre les différentes phases et de mettre en évidence l'influence des différents paramètres météorologiques (température, humidité relative...) sur la répartition gaz/particule.The research focuses on the local transport of pesticides from zones of spraying to urban areas of Strasbourg and on the deposition processes by rain water in urban and rural areas. The pesticides in the atmosphere separate according to their physical chemical properties into the three phases (liquid, gaseous and particulate).A study of the 27 pesticides proposed by the chamber of agriculture of the Bas-Rhin and the most commonly used pesticides was undertaken. The pesticides were identified and quantified in the different phases, by gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, using an ion trap, the ionisation process being that of electronic impact.In order to detect traces of pesticides in rain water, it is necessary to use quite a sensitive extraction method. SPME (solid phase micro-extraction) is a commonly used extraction method because it is simple and rapid.Contamination levels of the air in different areas were determined, and seasonal variations for a certain number of pesticides were observed. It was made clear that the concentrations of metalochlor, alachlor, trifluraline, and diflufenican become higher during periods of spraying. Metaloclor and alachlor, commonly used herbicides for the protection of cereal crops were found at high concentrations in rain water (up to 5.9 g.L-1 for alachlor on the Strasbourg site in the rain water from the 28th April 2003 until the 15th May 2003).These measures also allow us to follow the distribution of pollutants between the different phases and to show the influence of different weather conditions (temperature, relative humidity...) on the gas/ particle distribution

Development of an analytical method by GC/MS/MS of 27 pesticides present in the different phases of the atmosphere (gas,particulate,liquid),Application to the study of space-time variations of levels of concentrations in air and rain water

Ce travail de recherche porte sur le transport local de produits phytosanitaires des zones d'épandage vers la zone urbaine de Strasbourg et sur les processus de dépôts de pesticides par les pluies en zone urbaine et en zone rurale. Les pesticides présentsThe research focuses on the local transport of pesticides from zones of spraying to urban areas of Strasbourg and on the deposition processes by rain water in urban and rural areas. The pesticides in the atmosphere separate according to their physical ch

Cannabis in Adolescence: Lasting Cognitive Alterations and Underlying Mechanisms

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Maternal Exposure to the Cannabinoid Agonist WIN 55,12,2 during Lactation Induces Lasting Behavioral and Synaptic Alterations in the Rat Adult Offspring of Both Sexes

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Journal Pre-proof Cannabinoid exposure via lactation in rats disrupts perinatal programming of the GABA trajectory and select early-life behaviors

International audienceCannabis usage is increasing with its widespread legalization. Cannabis use by mothers during lactation transfers active cannabinoids to the developing offspring during this critical period and alters postnatal neurodevelopment. A key neurodevelopmental landmark is the excitatory to inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) switch caused by reciprocal changes in expression ratios of the K+/Cl− transporters potassium-chloride cotransporter 2 (KCC2) and sodium-potassium-chloride transporter (NKCC1)

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 caused by mosaic mutation: clinical follow-up and genetic counseling?

International audienceMEN1 is an autosomal dominant hereditary syndrome characterized by several endocrine tumors, in most cases affecting the parathyroid glands, pancreas, and anterior pituitary. It is the result of inactivating mutations in the tumor suppressor gene MEN1. More than 1300 different mutations have been identified in this gene. Mosaic MEN1 mutations have been previously described in only a few patients in the literature. In this paper, we provide a review of six cases of MEN1 mosaicism reported in the literature supplemented with six additional cases described by the French TENgen network of laboratories. This review highlights that (i) MEN1 mosaicism is not associated with a mild phenotype and results in the same natural history as heterozygous MEN1 mutation and (ii) that more systematic detection of MEN1 mosaic mutation enables improvements in both patient monitoring and genetic counseling