Driving the Bow

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Crossing boundaries

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Connecting Cultures

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UAV-BASED GEOTECHNICAL MODELING AND MAPPING OF AN INACCESSIBLE UNDERGROUND SITE

Digital photogrammetry is becoming a more common method used for mapping geological and structural rock mass features in underground mining. The issue of capturing geological and structural data in inaccessible, unsupported areas of mines remains even when utilizing terrestrial photogrammetric methods; thus, geotechnical models of mines are left with incomplete datasets. Large unsupported underground voids, like stopes, have the potential to cause major failures, but by filling in the geotechnical data gaps in inaccessible areas, potential failures can be predicted through kinematic analysis of the area’s mapped discontinuities. Implementation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in underground mines and recent advances in obstacle detection systems have allowed for greater experimentation with photogrammetry conducted from a UAV platform in mines. For this study, a UAV-based underground photogrammetry system was developed to manually capture imagery in an inaccessible stope at Barrick Gold Corporation’s Golden Sunlight Mine (GSM) in Whitehall, Montana, to see whether or not the approach is a viable remote sensing technique for gathering georeferenced geotechnical data. Development of the system involved selecting an appropriate UAV platform, identifying a lighting system capable of providing adequate illumination, acquiring a sensor system that consistently avoids obstacles, and choosing the appropriate UAV camera (and its respective settings) for underground UAV-based imaging. In order to georeference the data collected in the inaccessible stope, paintballs were shot into the stope to create ground control points that were then surveyed in laser range detection. These paintball marks had to be in visual line-of-sight and visible in the imagery captured via UAV camera in order to georeferenced them. Using the imagery collected in the stope at GSM, models were constructed and structural features were mapped on those models. Bentley ContextCapture software was able to successfully construct a stope model from the video frame imagery collected via UAV in the stope, while ADAM Technology was not. Split-Engineering’s Split-FX and ADAM Technology were used separately to map the discontinuity planes present within the model. A comparison of underground discontinuity mapping was performed using the UAV-based photogrammetry captured in the stope and hand mapping data collected around the entrance to the stope. It was found that northeasterly striking discontinuity planes were identified using the digital mapping, but not in hand mapping. Using UAV-based photogrammetry for geotechnical data collection creates a quick and thorough mapping process with time-stamped imagery that can potentially create a safer mine. The lessons learned during this study may help guide future efforts using UAVs to capture geologic data and to help monitor stability in areas that are inaccessible

Expression of \u3cem\u3eRhizobium leguminosarum\u3c/em\u3e CFN42 Genes for Lipopolysaccharide in Strains Derived from Different \u3cem\u3eR. leguminosarum\u3c/em\u3e Soil Isolates

Two mutant derivatives of Rhizobium leguminosarum ANU843 defective in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were isolated. The LPS of both mutants lacked O antigen and some sugar residues of the LPS core oligosaccharides. Genetic regions previously cloned from another Rhizobium leguminosarum wild-type isolate, strain CFN42, were used to complement these mutants. One mutant was complemented to give LPS that was apparently identical to the LPS of strain ANU843 in antigenicity, electrophoretic mobility, and sugar composition. The other mutant was complemented by a second CFN42 lps genetic region. In this case the resulting LPS contained O-antigen sugars characteristic of donor strain CFN42 and reacted weakly with antiserum against CFN42 cells, but did not react detectably with antiserum against ANU843 cells. Therefore, one of the CFN42 lps genetic regions specifies a function that is conserved between the two R. leguminosarum wild-type isolates, whereas the other region, at least in part, specifies a strain-specific LPS structure. Transfer of these two genetic regions into wild-type strains derived from R. leguminosarum ANU843 and 128C53 gave results consistent with this conclusion. The mutants derived from strain ANU843 elicited incompletely developed clover nodules that exhibited low bacterial populations and very low nitrogenase activity. Both mutants elicited normally developed, nitrogen-fixing clover nodules when they carried CFN42 lps DNA that permitted synthesis of O-antigen-containing LPS, regardless of whether the O antigen was the one originally made by strain ANU843

“There Goes that Relationship”: Journalistic Aggression and Political Equivocation in Joint Press Conferences

This study evaluates the relationship between the press and political leaders during joint press conferences. Aggressive journalistic questioning in press conferences has increased over time (Clayman & Heritage, 2002; Clayman, Elliott, Heritage, & McDonald, 2004; Clayman, Elliott, Heritage, & McDonald, 2007), but recent scholarships shows that journalists present less aggressive questions when a foreign head of state is present (Banning & Billingsley, 2007). Joint press conferences hosted in the United States by President Donald Trump between Prime Minister Theresa May of the United Kingdom, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau of Canada, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel, and Chancellor Angela Merkel of Germany, respectively, were analyzed via conversation analysis based on a question analysis framework by Clayman, Elliott, Heritage, and McDonald (2004) and equivocation typologies by Bull and Mayer (1993). First, journalists’ questions were evaluated on five different measures – initiative, directness, assertiveness, adversarialness, and accountability. Next, political leaders’ answers were assessed on three different categories – replies, intermediate replies, and non-replies. Results of the study showed foreign journalists in these joint press conferences aggressively pursued politicians more than their U.S. counterparts. Additionally, political leaders were less likely to respond to journalists’ questions with a reply than with intermediate or non-replies. This study provides perspective on the current state of press-state relations in democratic systems and the way journalists conduct themselves on the international stage with U.S. and foreign leaders

Teacher Burnout: A Comparison Between Title I and Non-Title I Elementary School Teachers

With school reform and teacher accountability on the forefront of the educational landscape, attention has turned to investigating why so many teachers leave the profession after a relatively short time. Burnout is often cited as a major contributor to this teacher exodus. While many studies have focused on teacher burnout relative to the specific tasks that teachers perform and on the populations they serve, there is no research on how teacher burnout differs between Title I and non-Title I schools in an urban school district in Virginia. The purpose of this causal-comparative study was to investigate if teachers’ perceptions of burnout including emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment, differ between the two types of schools in a single school district. The sample, 145 elementary teachers from Title I and non-Title I schools, voluntarily completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory- Educators Survey (MBI-ES) through SurveyMonkey® online. Results from the self-reported instrument were analyzed for significant statistical differences between scores in the areas of personal accomplishment, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization between the Title I and non-Title I teachers using a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The results indicated that there is no statistical difference in teachers’ perception of overall burnout, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment between the Title I and non-Title I school teachers in this urban school district in Virginia. Keywords: teacher burnout, teacher attrition, Title I, accountability, school reform

Beyond Human, Beyond Words: Anthropocentrism, Critical Pedagogy, and the Poststructuralist Turn

Critical pedagogy, even as inflected by certain poststructuralisms, tends to reinforce rather than subvert deep-seated humanist assumptions about humans and nature by taking for granted the borders that define nature as the devalued Other. These assumptions are called into question by discussion of how relationships between language, communication, and meaningful experience are conceptualized outside the field of critical pedagogy. We deal constructively with some anthropocentric blind spots within critical pedagogy generally and within poststructuralist ap- proaches to critical pedagogy in particular. We hope to illuminate places where these streams of thought and practice move in directions compatible with critical environmental education. La pédagogie critique, même celle de quelques poststructuralismes, a tendance à renforcer plutôt que de mettre en doute certains postulats humanistes selon lesquels la nature est, pour les êtres humains, l’Autre dévalué. Ces postulats sont remis en question dans les analyses portant sur le mode de conceptualisation, en dehors du champ de la pédagogie critique, des relations entre le langage, la communication et l’expérience signifiante. Les auteures traitent de quelques présupposés anthro- pocentriques de la pédagogie critique, en particulier dans ses approches post- structuralistes. Elles espèrent ainsi éclairer des courants théoriques et pratiques compatibles entre la pédagogie critique et le respect de l’environnement.

Living with young onset dementia: Reflections on recent developments, current discourse, and implications for policy and practice

© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work.Recent research on young onset dementia (formal diagnosis at age <65) evidences emerging work around pre-diagnosis, diagnosis and the need to improve post-diagnostic support for this group. An increased awareness of young onset dementia has led to the establishment of peer-support groups, support networks and the involvement of people affected by dementia in research. However, the need to join up services at the systems level persists. Third-sector organisations that offer post-diagnostic support at the communitylevel rely heavily on volunteers. Implications for policy and practice are that community-based commissioning of integrated services between health care, social care and the third sector would go a long way to providing the continuity and stability required in dementia support and care along the illness trajectory. This discussion document was written in collaboration with diagnostic services, the charity sector and conversations with people living with, and affected by, dementia.Peer reviewedFinal Published versio