Protein regulation vs. abundance index.

<p>The protein regulation is plotted against the abundance index and every protein is classified according to the result of the statistical tests.</p

Volcano plot.

<p>The significance of the relative regulation of 394 proteins was inspected using (1) a paired two-sided t-test (y axis) and (2) by estimating the probability for the regulation derived from the background (x axis). Proteins are clustered into four categories based on the statistical test passing the threshold (see text for details).</p

Analysis workflow.

<p>Plasma samples were depleted by a MARS Hu-14 column and subsequently concentrated by 3 kDa ultracentrifugation filters. Next, samples were reduced, cysteine blocked and trypsin digested before iTRAQ labeling. The iTRAQ labeled peptides were fractioned into 60 fractions using a mixed-mode reverse phase anion exchanger. Finally, fractions were analyzed on an LTQ-Orbitrap Velos Pro connected to a Dionex Ultimate NCR-3000RS LC system.</p

Experimental protocol.

<p>A peripheral venous catheter was inserted in the cubital fossa of subject for blood sampling. The subject rested for 14 min reclined on a bench before the baseline sample was drawn. The blood pressure cuff was inflated to 200 mmHg for 5 min before being released. Blood samples were drawn at 1 and 4 min into reperfusion from the ipsilateral arm. Blood samples were centrifuged to collect plasma which was stored at −80°C. Before analysis, all six reperfusion samples were pooled for each subject.</p

Repartition on every iTRAQ channel of the samples at baseline and after RIPC for the six donors.

<p>Repartition on every iTRAQ channel of the samples at baseline and after RIPC for the six donors.</p

Kjønn og rett. Kvinne-, kjønns- og likestillingsperspektiver i jusstudiet

Kvinne-, kjønns- og likestillingsperspektiver på retten har en lang tradisjon som forskningsfelt på Det juridiske fakultet ved Universitetet i Oslo. Retten regulerer rettigheter og plikter, rettsvern og straff – den kan skape, opprettholde og endre samfunnets fordeling av makt og ressurser mellom individer og grupper. En viktig del av samfunnsoppdraget til juristutdanningen er å skape forståelse for hvordan rettslige strukturer, regler og avgjørelser kan føre til – eller motvirke – ulikhet og diskriminering. Denne boken bringer ulike typer kjønnsperspektiv inn i en rekke av fagene som inngår i rettsvitenskapen. Artiklene omfatter både privatrettslige og offentligrettslige emner, som familierett, forvaltningsrett, velferdsrett, avtalerett, selskapsrett og strafferett. Boken inneholder også kjønnsperspektiv på tverrgående fag som rettsfilosofi, rettssosiologi, kriminologi, rettsøkonomi og yrkesetikk for jurister. Kjønn og rett: Kvinne-, kjønns- og likestillingsperspektiver i jusstudiet er skrevet primært med tanke på jusstudenter, men er relevant for alle som interesserer seg for forholdet mellom juss, kjønn, samfunn og politikk

Atrial fibrillation in cryptogenic stroke and transient ischaemic attack – The Nordic Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke (NOR-FIB) Study: Rationale and design

Abstract Purpose: Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation is often suspected as a probable cause of cryptogenic stroke. Continuous longterm ECG monitoring using insertable cardiac monitors is a clinically effective technique to screen for atrial fibrillation and superior to conventional follow-up in cryptogenic stroke. However, more studies are needed to identify factors which can help selecting patients with the highest possibility of detecting atrial fibrillation with prolonged rhythm monitoring. The clinical relevance of short-term atrial fibrillation, the need for medical intervention and the evaluation as to whether intervention results in improved clinical outcomes should be assessed. Method: The Nordic Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke Study is an international, multicentre, prospective, observational trial evaluating the occurrence of occult atrial fibrillation in cryptogenic stroke and transient ischaemic attack. Patients with cryptogenic stroke or transient ischaemic attack from the Nordic countries are included and will have the Reveal LINQVR Insertable cardiac monitor system implanted for 12 months for atrial fibrillation detection. Biomarkers which can be used as predictors for atrial fibrillation and may identify patients, who could derive the most clinical benefit from the detection of atrial fibrillation by prolonged monitoring, are being studied. Conclusion: The primary endpoint is atrial fibrillation burden within 12 months of continuous rhythm monitoring. Secondary endpoints are atrial fibrillation burden within six months, levels of biomarkers predicting atrial fibrillation, CHA2DS2-VASc score, incidence of recurrent stroke or transient ischaemic attack, use of anticoagulation and antiarrhythmic drugs, and quality of life measurements. The clinical follow-up period is 12 months. The study started in 2017 and the completion is expected at the end of 2020

Atrial fibrillation in cryptogenic stroke and transient ischaemic attack – The Nordic Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke (NOR-FIB) Study: Rationale and design

Purpose: Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation is often suspected as a probable cause of cryptogenic stroke. Continuous long-term ECG monitoring using insertable cardiac monitors is a clinically effective technique to screen for atrial fibrillation and superior to conventional follow-up in cryptogenic stroke. However, more studies are needed to identify factors which can help selecting patients with the highest possibility of detecting atrial fibrillation with prolonged rhythm monitoring. The clinical relevance of short-term atrial fibrillation, the need for medical intervention and the evaluation as to whether intervention results in improved clinical outcomes should be assessed. Method: The Nordic Atrial Fibrillation and Stroke Study is an international, multicentre, prospective, observational trial evaluating the occurrence of occult atrial fibrillation in cryptogenic stroke and transient ischaemic attack. Patients with cryptogenic stroke or transient ischaemic attack from the Nordic countries are included and will have the Reveal LINQ® Insertable cardiac monitor system implanted for 12 months for atrial fibrillation detection. Biomarkers which can be used as predictors for atrial fibrillation and may identify patients, who could derive the most clinical benefit from the detection of atrial fibrillation by prolonged monitoring, are being studied. Conclusion: The primary endpoint is atrial fibrillation burden within 12 months of continuous rhythm monitoring. Secondary endpoints are atrial fibrillation burden within six months, levels of biomarkers predicting atrial fibrillation, CHA2DS2-VASc score, incidence of recurrent stroke or transient ischaemic attack, use of anticoagulation and antiarrhythmic drugs, and quality of life measurements. The clinical follow-up period is 12 months. The study started in 2017 and the completion is expected at the end of 2020

Exploring the human plasma proteome for humoral mediators of remote ischemic preconditioning - A word of caution

Despite major advances in early revascularization techniques, cardiovascular diseases are still the leading cause of death worldwide, and myocardial infarctions contribute heavily to this. Over the past decades, it has become apparent that reperfusion of blood to a previously ischemic area of the heart causes damage in and of itself, and that this ischemia reperfusion induced injury can be reduced by up to 50% by mechanical manipulation of the blood flow to the heart. The recent discovery of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) provides a non-invasive approach of inducing this cardioprotection at a distance. Finding its endogenous mediators and their operative mode is an important step toward increasing the ischemic tolerance. The release of humoral factor(s) upon RIPC was recently demonstrated and several candidate proteins were published as possible mediators of the cardioprotection. Before clinical applicability, these potential biomarkers and their efficiency must be validated, a task made challenging by the large heterogeneity in reported data and results. Here, in an attempt to reproduce and provide more experimental data on these mediators, we conducted an unbiased in-depth analysis of the human plasma proteome before and after RIPC. From the 68 protein markers reported in the literature, only 28 could be mapped to manually reviewed (Swiss-Prot) protein sequences. 23 of them were monitored in our untargeted experiment. However, their significant regulation could not be reproducibly estimated. In fact, among the 394 plasma proteins we accurately quantified, no significant regulation could be confidently and reproducibly assessed. This indicates that it is difficult to both monitor and reproduce published data from experiments exploring for RIPC induced plasma proteomic regulations, and suggests that further work should be directed towards small humoral factors. To simplify this task, we made our proteomic dataset available via ProteomeXchange, where scientists can mine for novel potential targets