17 research outputs found
Quand le dĂ©sespoir cache lâinnommable : une Ă©tude des critĂšres de suspicion pour distinguer les suicides par pendaison des homicides dĂ©guisĂ©s
Lâobjectif de la prĂ©sente Ă©tude est dâĂ©tudier les diffĂ©rences entre les homicides par strangulation et les suicides par pendaison ainsi que lâimportance du rĂŽle que jouent les lĂ©sions dans la dĂ©termination du mode de dĂ©cĂšs dans les cas apparents de pendaison, et ce dans lâoptique dâĂ©tablir un outil permettant de renseigner le coroner ou mĂ©decin lĂ©giste sur le mode de dĂ©cĂšs probable dans les cas apparents de pendaison. Deux cent quatorze cas de suicide par pendaison ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©visĂ©s rĂ©trospectivement et comparĂ©s Ă 51 cas dâhomicide par strangulation. La frĂ©quence dâecchymoses (6,1 %), dâabrasions (4,7 %) et de lacĂ©rations (0,5 %) Ă©tait significativement plus faible chez les victimes de suicide par pendaison que chez les victimes dâhomicides par strangulation (58,8 %, 51,0 % et 5,9 % respectivement). Les ecchymoses, chez les victimes de suicide par pendaison, se trouvent habituellement sur les membres supĂ©rieurs antĂ©rieurs et postĂ©rieurs ou sur les membres infĂ©rieurs antĂ©rieurs. Elles se situent gĂ©nĂ©ralement soit sur les membres supĂ©rieurs, soit sur les membres infĂ©rieurs, et non aux deux endroits Ă la fois. Les abrasions sont davantage susceptibles de se trouver sur la face postĂ©rieure des membres supĂ©rieurs et sur la face antĂ©rieure des membres infĂ©rieurs. Cette concentration prĂ©fĂ©rentielle nâest pas observĂ©e chez les victimes dâhomicide par strangulation. De possibles critĂšres de suspicion et des modĂšles de prĂ©diction du mode de dĂ©cĂšs sont Ă©valuĂ©s.The objective of the present study is to study the differences between the suicidal hangings and the homicidal nonhanging strangulations as well as the lesionâs role in the manner of death determination in apparent hanging cases, in order to create a decision tool that will inform the coroner or medical examiner on the probable manner of death in apparent hanging cases. Two hundred and fourteen cases of suicidal hanging were retrospectively reviewed and compared to 51 homicidal nonhanging strangulation victims. Bruises, abrasions and lacerations incidence were significantly lower in hanging victims (6.1 %, 4.7 % and 0.5 % respectively) compared to homicidal strangulation victims (58.8 %, 51.0% and 5.9 % respectively). Limb bruises were found as much on the anterior part of upper limbs as on posterior part, whereas limb abrasions were located mostly on the posterior aspect of upper limbs. Bruises and abrasions were also found exclusively on the anterior aspect of the lower limbs. Bruises are generally observed either exclusively on upper limbs, either exclusively on lower limbs, but rarely on both in a single case. In homicidal nonhanging strangulation cases, this preferential lesions concentration was not observed. Possible criteria for limb lesions distribution are discussed and prediction models of the manner of death are evaluated
Beginning with Our Voices: How the Experiential Stories of First Nations Women Contribute to a National Research Project
The purpose of this paper is to review how the experiential stories of First Nations women contribute to a national research project. The project focuses on how womenâs healing is impacted by their views about themselves as - and the stigma associated with being - a drug user, involved in crime and an Aboriginal woman.Our project began with three First Nations women on our research team documenting the role of stigma and self-identity in their personal healing journeys from problematically using drugs and being in conflict with the law. In this paper we discuss how key components of feminist research practices, Aboriginal methodology and community-based research helped us position the womenâs experiential stories in authoritative, recognized and celebrated ways in our study. We illustrate how the womenâs stories uniquely contributed to the creation of our interview questions and the research project in general. We also discuss how the women personally benefited from writing about and sharing their experiences. Key benefits include the women discovering the impact of the written word, promotion of their healing, personal recognition of their ability to offer hope to women in need, increased self-esteem, and increased appreciation of the importance of sharing their lived experiences with others. Our method of research differs from a conventional western scientific approach to understanding, and as such made important contributions to both the project itself and the women who shared their experiential stories
Neonatal exposure to high oxygen levels leads to impaired ischemia-induced neovascularization in adulthood
Abstract Adverse perinatal conditions can lead to developmental programming of cardiovascular diseases. Prematurely born infants are often exposed to high oxygen levels, which in animal models has been associated with endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and cardiac remodeling during adulthood. Here we found that adult mice that have been transiently exposed to O2 after birth show defective neovasculariation after hindlimb ischemia, as demonstrated by impaired blood flow recovery, reduced vascular density in ischemic muscles and increased tissue damages. Ischemic muscles isolated from mice exposed to O2 after birth exhibit increased oxidative stress levels and reduced expression of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Pro-angiogenic cells (PACs) have been shown to have an important role for postnatal neovascularisation. We found that neonatal exposure to O2 is associated with reduced number of PACs in adults. Moreover, the angiogenic activities of both PACs and mature mouse aortic endothelial cells (MAECs) are significantly impaired in mice exposed to hyperoxia after birth. Our results indicate that neonatal exposure to high oxygen levels leads to impaired ischemia-induced neovascularization during adulthood. The mechanism involves deleterious effects on oxidative stress levels and angiogenic signals in ischemic muscles, together with dysfunctional activities of PACs and mature endothelial cells
NitsiyihkĂąson: The Brain Science behind Cree Teachings of Early Childhood Attachment
The NitsiyihkĂąson project was conceived in order to develop a resource to
promote attachment and development in a manner culturally appropriate to the
Indigenous (specifically Cree) people of Alberta. Promoting secure attachment
between a child and his/her caregivers is crucial to ensuring positive mental
health, and improving family well-being. Working collaboratively with the community
of Saddle Lake, the process began by launching the project in traditional ceremony.
Following this, a talking circle was held with Saddle Lake Elders to share their
memories and understanding of child-rearing practices that promote attachment. Using
their guidance, we produced the document âawina kiyanawâ, which focuses on Cree
stories and teachings, for parents to share with their young
children. This document will be shared within the community, and agencies interested
in promoting a culturally-appropriate approach to parenting. We then examined the
cross-cultural applicability of these practices and produced a Resource Manual for
service providers, comparing traditional ways-of-knowing with current
neurobiological and epigenetic scientific understanding. We believe this helps those
working with Indigenous families better understand their culture, and appreciate the
wisdom in its teachings. In this paper, we present those findings and their
ramifications
NitsiyihkĂąson: The Brain Science Behind Cree Teachings of Early Childhood Attachment
The NitsiyihkĂąson project was conceived in order to develop a resource to promote attachment and development in a manner culturally appropriate to the Indigenous (specifically Cree) people of Alberta. Promoting secure attachment between a child and his/her caregivers is crucial to ensuring positive mental health, and improving family well-being. Working collaboratively with the community of Saddle Lake, the process began by launching the project in traditional ceremony. Following this, a talking circle was held with Saddle Lake Elders to share their memories and understanding of child-rearing practices that promote attachment. Using their guidance, we produced the document âawina kiyanawâ, which focuses on Cree stories and teachings, for parents to share with their young children. This document will be shared within the community, and agencies interested in promoting a culturally-appropriate approach to parenting. We then examined the cross-cultural applicability of these practices and produced a Resource Manual for service providers, comparing traditional ways-of-knowing with current neurobiological and epigenetic scientific understanding. We believe this helps those working with Indigenous families better understand their culture, and appreciate the wisdom in its teachings. In this paper, we present those findings and their ramifications
Time Seizures and the Self: Institutional Temporalities and Self-preservation Among Homeless Women
Sacred, Alive, Dangerous, and Endangered: Humans, Non-humans, and Landscape in the Himalayas
The landscape we inhabit is haunted by its own past. In its present
form, in fact, it is just the actual, and temporary, reconfiguration and
re-positioning of its constitutive elements. Reconfiguration is the direct
outcome of those transformative processes defined, in human terms,
as calamities and disasters. In the Himalayas, according to indigenous
ontological views, these recursive processes of reconfiguration allegedly
happened at the hands of cosmic forces, gods and goddesses, sages
and wizards of old, and are often thought of as reaction to human
misbehavior. The category of human misbehavior may include active
and mechanical processes of pollution and desecration, or more subtle
dynamics of ethical and moral corruption. More often than not, among the indigenous collectivities of the Himalayas, these two dimensions
appear to be strictly intertwined. The process is not over: minor adjustments
continuously take place here and there, as automatic reactions set
in motion by individual and collective, human and non-human, patterns
of interaction
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Multicenter Evaluation of BioFire FilmArray Meningitis/Encephalitis Panel for Detection of Bacteria, Viruses, and Yeast in Cerebrospinal Fluid Specimens.
Rapid diagnosis and treatment of infectious meningitis and encephalitis are critical to minimize morbidity and mortality. Comprehensive testing of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) often includes Gram stain, culture, antigen detection, and molecular methods, paired with chemical and cellular analyses. These methods may lack sensitivity or specificity, can take several days, and require significant volume for complete analysis. The FilmArray Meningitis/Encephalitis (ME) Panel is a multiplexed in vitro diagnostic test for the simultaneous, rapid (âŒ1-h) detection of 14 pathogens directly from CSF specimens: Escherichia coli K1, Haemophilus influenzae, Listeria monocytogenes, Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus agalactiae, cytomegalovirus, enterovirus, herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, human herpesvirus 6, human parechovirus, varicella-zoster virus, and Cryptococcus neoformans/Cryptococcus gattii We describe a multicenter evaluation of 1,560 prospectively collected CSF specimens with performance compared to culture (bacterial analytes) and PCR (all other analytes). The FilmArray ME Panel demonstrated a sensitivity or positive percentage of agreement of 100% for 9 of 14 analytes. Enterovirus and human herpesvirus type 6 had agreements of 95.7% and 85.7%, and L. monocytogenes and N. meningitidis were not observed in the study. For S. agalactiae, there was a single false-positive and false-negative result each, for a sensitivity and specificity of 0 and 99.9%, respectively. The specificity or negative percentage of agreement was 99.2% or greater for all other analytes. The FilmArray ME Panel is a sensitive and specific test to aid in diagnosis of ME. With use of this comprehensive and rapid test, improved patient outcomes and antimicrobial stewardship are anticipated
Multicenter Evaluation of BioFire FilmArray Meningitis/Encephalitis Panel for Detection of Bacteria, Viruses, and Yeast in Cerebrospinal Fluid Specimens.
Rapid diagnosis and treatment of infectious meningitis and encephalitis are critical to minimize morbidity and mortality. Comprehensive testing of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) often includes Gram stain, culture, antigen detection, and molecular methods, paired with chemical and cellular analyses. These methods may lack sensitivity or specificity, can take several days, and require significant volume for complete analysis. The FilmArray Meningitis/Encephalitis (ME) Panel is a multiplexed in vitro diagnostic test for the simultaneous, rapid (âŒ1-h) detection of 14 pathogens directly from CSF specimens: Escherichia coli K1, Haemophilus influenzae, Listeria monocytogenes, Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus agalactiae, cytomegalovirus, enterovirus, herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, human herpesvirus 6, human parechovirus, varicella-zoster virus, and Cryptococcus neoformans/Cryptococcus gattii We describe a multicenter evaluation of 1,560 prospectively collected CSF specimens with performance compared to culture (bacterial analytes) and PCR (all other analytes). The FilmArray ME Panel demonstrated a sensitivity or positive percentage of agreement of 100% for 9 of 14 analytes. Enterovirus and human herpesvirus type 6 had agreements of 95.7% and 85.7%, and L. monocytogenes and N. meningitidis were not observed in the study. For S. agalactiae, there was a single false-positive and false-negative result each, for a sensitivity and specificity of 0 and 99.9%, respectively. The specificity or negative percentage of agreement was 99.2% or greater for all other analytes. The FilmArray ME Panel is a sensitive and specific test to aid in diagnosis of ME. With use of this comprehensive and rapid test, improved patient outcomes and antimicrobial stewardship are anticipated