Distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of <i>Salmonella</i> serovars isolated from 5 N’Djamena hospitals, Chad.

<p>Distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of <i>Salmonella</i> serovars isolated from 5 N’Djamena hospitals, Chad.</p

Prevalence of <i>Salmonella</i> strains isolated in 5 N’Djamena hospitals, Chad.

<p>Prevalence of <i>Salmonella</i> strains isolated in 5 N’Djamena hospitals, Chad.</p

Origin of the animal and food isolates.

a<p>the number of MRSA isolates is indicated in brackets.</p>b<p>the origin of one of the 13 food poisoning associated isolates is unknown.</p>c<p>NA : not applicable.</p

Electrophoregrams showing multiplex PCR amplicons resolved by capillary electrophoresis

<p><b>a. PCR1</b> ten dye-colored coamplified VNTR loci. <b>b. PCR2</b> six dye-colored coamplified VNTR loci.</p

Minimum spanning tree of the 251 <i>S. aureus</i> isolates using MLVA-16_Orsay.

<p>Minimum spanning tree of the 251 <i>S. aureus</i> isolates (106 human-associated isolates, 98 animal-associated isolates and 47 isolates from food products among which 13 were related with food-poisoning) using MLVA-16_Orsay. Each circle represents a MLVA genotype. The size of each circle indicates the number of isolates within this MLVA genotype. The different clusters are annotated. The host origin is indicated with a specific color. Isolates involved in food poisoning events are represented by black circles. Human and food isolates are highlighted with two different hatch patterns.</p

Data_Sheet_1_A multi-country One Health foodborne outbreak simulation exercise: cross-sectoral cooperation, data sharing and communication.PDF

IntroductionThe awareness of scientists and policy makers regarding the requirement for an integrated One Health (OH) approach in responding to zoonoses has increased in recent years. However, there remains an overall inertia in relation to the implementation of practical cross-sector collaborations. Foodborne outbreaks of zoonotic diseases continue to affect the European population despite stringent regulations, evidencing the requirement for better ‘prevent, detect and response’ strategies. Response exercises play an essential role in the improvement of crisis management plans, providing the opportunity to test practical intervention methodologies in a controlled environment.MethodsThe One Health European Joint Programme simulation exercise (OHEJP SimEx) aimed at practicing the OH capacity and interoperability across public health, animal health and food safety sectors in a challenging outbreak scenario. The OHEJP SimEx was delivered through a sequence of scripts covering the different stages of a Salmonella outbreak investigation at a national level, involving both the human food chain and the raw pet feed industry.ResultsA total of 255 participants from 11 European countries (Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Italy, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Sweden, the Netherlands) took part in national level two-day exercises during 2022. National evaluations identified common recommendations to countries aiming to improve their OH structure to establish formal communication channels between sectors, implement a common data sharing platform, harmonize laboratory procedures, and reinforce inter-laboratory networks within countries. The large proportion of participants (94%) indicated significant interest in pursuing a OH approach and desire to work more closely with other sectors.DiscussionThe OHEJP SimEx outcomes will assist policy makers in implementing a harmonized approach to cross-sector health-related topics, by highlighting the benefits of cooperation, identifying gaps in the current strategies and suggesting actions required to better address foodborne outbreaks. Furthermore, we summarize recommendations for future OH simulation exercises, which are essential to continually test, challenge and improve national OH strategies.</p

Constitution of the different MLVA schemes.

a<p>the VNTR locus name reflects genome localisation (in kb) in strain Mu50 refseq NC_002758.</p>b<p>alternative names given in the literature.</p>c<p>from <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0033967#pone.0033967-Hardy1" target="_blank">[52]</a>.</p>d<p>from <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0033967#pone.0033967-Schouls1" target="_blank">[23]</a>.</p>e<p>from <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0033967#pone.0033967-Gilbert1" target="_blank">[53]</a>.</p>f<p>from <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0033967#pone.0033967-Sabat1" target="_blank">[54]</a>.</p>g<p>MLVA14_Orsay corresponds to the 14 panel 1-panel 2 loci in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0033967#pone.0033967-Pourcel1" target="_blank">[24]</a>.</p>h<p>MLVA10_Orsay corresponds to the 10 panel 1 loci in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0033967#pone.0033967-Pourcel1" target="_blank">[24]</a>.</p>i<p>MLVA8_Bilthoven corresponds to the 8 loci used by <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0033967#pone.0033967-Schouls1" target="_blank">[23]</a>.</p

Dendrogram of the HARMONY collection using MLVA-16_Orsay.

<p>Color coding is according to MLST clonal complex assignment whereas clustering is done according to the displayed MLVA data. Strain Id, clonal complex, sequence type, spa type, spa code and geographic origin are indicated. MLVA cluster bootstrap values are shown for the main clusters.</p

VNTRs and associated oligonucleotide primers.

<p>(*HGDI calculated on the 90 isolates from the HARMONY collection).</p>a<p>Multiplex PCR reaction.</p>b<p>Expected amplicon size for strain Mu50 RefSeq NC_002758 (by convention, corresponding number of repeated units for strain Mu50).</p>c<p>Observed allele size range: amplicons length (number of repeated units).</p

<i>Bacillus cereus</i>, a serious cause of nosocomial infections: Epidemiologic and genetic survey

<div><p><i>Bacillus cereus</i> is the 2^nd most frequent bacterial agent responsible for food-borne outbreaks in France and the 3^rd in Europe. In addition, local and systemic infections have been reported, mainly describing individual cases or single hospital setting. The real incidence of such infection is unknown and information on genetic and phenotypic characteristics of the incriminated strains is generally scarce. We performed an extensive study of <i>B</i>. <i>cereus</i> strains isolated from patients and hospital environments from nine hospitals during a 5-year study, giving an overview of the consequences, sources and pathogenic patterns of <i>B</i>. <i>cereus</i> clinical infections. We demonstrated the occurrence of several hospital-cross-contaminations. Identical <i>B</i>. <i>cereus</i> strains were recovered from different patients and hospital environments for up to 2 years. We also clearly revealed the occurrence of inter hospital contaminations by the same strain. These cases represent the first documented events of nosocomial epidemy by <i>B</i>. <i>cereus</i> responsible for intra and inter hospitals contaminations. Indeed, contamination of different patients with the same strain of <i>B</i>. <i>cereus</i> was so far never shown. In addition, we propose a scheme for the characterization of <i>B</i>. <i>cereus</i> based on biochemical properties and genetic identification and highlight that main genetic signatures may carry a high pathogenic potential. Moreover, the characterization of antibiotic resistance shows an acquired resistance phenotype for rifampicin. This may provide indication to adjust the antibiotic treatment and care of patients.</p></div