Performance, nutrient digestibility, and muscular evaluation of female broiler chickens fed different dietary protein levels and slaughtered at 38 or 46 days

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the effects of two protein levels and types of formulation on performance, nutrient metabolization, and myopathies of 390 female broilers from 21 to 46 days old distributed in a completely randomized design, with five treatments and six replicates of 13 broilers each. Treatments were two levels of protein (19.0 and 21.0%) in diets using only commercially available ingredients and three experimental formulations designed to keep similar the main nutrients that could influence nutritional performance (starch, fiber, ether extract), using unusual ingredients, with 19.0% (19E) or 21.0% (21E) crude protein and the third with 19.0% crude protein with amino acid levels similar to treatment 21P (19E+Aa). We studied broiler performance, nutrient digestibility, macroscopic muscular evaluation, and histological muscular evaluation. The design for the performance and myopathy assessment was a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, five diets × two ages (38 or 46 days). The worst feed conversion ratio was observed for the 19P treatment. Neither diet nor age had an effect on myopathies, however, older slaughter age increased the intensity of microscopic lesions. The diet 19P should be avoided and increased inclusion of lipids in diets improves nutrient utilization and, consequently, performance

Níveis de proteína e aminoácidos em dietas para frangos de corte fêmeas abatidos em diferentes idades

Submitted by Anna Dias ([email protected]) on 2019-11-07T22:33:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE COMPLETA .pdf: 1066798 bytes, checksum: af41a8097f9079825cd11a49b6af6973 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Izabel Miranda ([email protected]) on 2019-11-11T02:04:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE COMPLETA .pdf: 1066798 bytes, checksum: af41a8097f9079825cd11a49b6af6973 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-12-16T15:17:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE COMPLETA .pdf: 1066798 bytes, checksum: af41a8097f9079825cd11a49b6af6973 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-02-22Foram utilizados 390 frangos de corte fêmeas com 21 dias de idade para avaliar o efeito de cinco manipulações proteicas na ração (19P – 19% de proteína; 21P – 21% de proteína; 19E – 19% de proteína; 21E – 21% de proteína; 19E+Aa - 19% de proteína) e duas idades de abate (38 e 46 dias). Obteve-se dados de metabolizabilidade dos nutrientes, desempenho, rendimento de carcaça e cortes, miopatias, perfil bioquímico sérico e custos de produção. O delineamento foi inteiramente ao acaso (DIC) com cinco tratamentos (rações) e seis repetições para metabolizabilidade dos nutrientes; DIC em esquema fatorial (5 rações x 2 idades) para desempenho, rendimento de carcaça e cortes, miopatias e custos de produção; e DIC em parcelas subdivididas para perfil bioquímico sérico. Pior metabolizabilidade da matéria seca foi encontrada no tratamento 21E (p≤0,05). O tratamento 19E+Aa melhorou a utilização da proteína e reduziu a excreção de nitrogênio (p≤0,05). Os tratamentos 19E, 21E e 19E+Aa melhoraram a metabolizabilidade do extrato etéreo (p≤0,05). Menor valor de energia metabolizável foi observado no tratamento 21P (p≤0,05). Não houve interação entre ração e idade para nenhuma das variáveis (p>0,05). O tratamento 19P aumentou o consumo de ração (p≤0,05), além disso, maiores consumos de ração e ganho de peso foram observados aos 44 dias do que com 37 dias (p≤0,05). O tratamento 19P piorou a conversão alimentar e o índice de eficiência produtiva (p≤0,05). Os tratamentos 19P e 21P apresentaram melhores custos de produção (p≤0,05). Não houve efeito das dietas sobre o rendimento de carcaça, de peito, de coxas + sobrecoxas (p>0,05). Entretanto, o rendimento de carcaça e de peito foi maior para as aves abatidas aos 46 dias do que com 38 dias (p≤0,05). Não houve efeito das dietas nem das idades sobre o escore de estria branca (p>0,05) nem sobre o aparecimento de peito amadeirado (p>0,05). Não houve efeito das dietas obre o perfil bioquímico e enzimas (p>0,05). Aos 37 dias os níveis de LDL – colesterol (p≤0,05) e proteínas totais (p≤0,05) foram maiores do que aos 25 dias. Já aos 37 dias, os níveis de lipase sérica (p≤0,05) foram menores do que aos 25 dias. Conclui-se que a manipulação proteica do tratamento 21P pode ser mais interessante zootécnica e economicamente para frangos de corte fêmeas tanto dos 21 aos 37 dias, quanto dos 21 aos 44 dias. O abate das aves com 46 dias de idade proporcionou aumento do rendimento de carcaça e de peito sem alterar a incidência de lesões miopáticas macroscópicas quando comparado ao abate aos 38 dias. Além disso as rações e as idades não causaram alterações importantes no perfil bioquímico e enzimas de frangos de corte fêmeas.A total of 390 broiler chickens were used at 21 days of age to evaluate the effect of five protein manipulations on the diet (19P - 19% protein, 21P - 21% protein, 19E - 19% protein, 21E - 21% protein ; 19E + Aa - 19% protein) and two slaughter ages (38 and 46 days). Nutrient metabolizability, performance, carcass yield, myopathies, blood biochemical profile and production costs were evaluated. The design was completely randomized (DIC) with five treatments (diets) and six replicates for metabolizability; DIC in a factorial scheme (5 rations x 2 ages) for performance, carcass yield, myopathies and production costs; and DIC in subdivided plots for blood biochemical profile. Lower metabolizable dry matter was found in the 21E treatment (p≤0.05). The 19E + Aa treatment improved protein utilization and reduced nitrogen excretion (p≤0.05). The treatments 19E, 21E and 19E + Aa improved the metabolizable of ethereal extract (p≤0.05). Lower value of metabolizable energy was observed in the 21P diet (p≤0.05). There was no interaction between feed and age for any of the variables (p> 0.05). Diet 19P increased feed intake (p≤0.05); in addition, higher feed intake and weight gain were observed at 44 days than at 37 days (p≤0.05). The 19P diet worsened the feed conversion and the productive efficiency index (p≤0.05). The 19P and 21P diets had better production costs (p≤0.05). There was no effect of diets on carcass yield, breast, thigh + overcooked (p> 0.05). However, carcass and chest yields were higher for broilers slaughtered at 46 days than at 38 days (p≤0.05). There was no effect of diets or ages on the white strping score (p> 0.05) or the woody breast (p> 0.05). There was no effect of the diets on the blood biochemical profile and enzymes (p> 0.05). At 37 days LDL - cholesterol levels (p≤0.05) and total proteins (p≤0.05) were higher than at 25 days. At 37 days, lipase levels (p≤0.05) were lower than at 25 days. It is concluded that the protein manipulation of the diet 21P may be more for performance and costs for female broiler chickens from 21 to 37 days, and from 21 to 44 days. Slaughter of 46-day-old broilers increase in carcass and breast yield without altering the incidence of macroscopic myopathic lesions when compared to slaughter at 38 days. In addition, diets and ages did not cause significant changes in the blood biochemical profile and enzymes of female broilers

Energia e proteína para frangos de corte fêmeas em ambiente termoneutro e em estresse por calor

Exportado OPUSMade available in DSpace on 2019-08-14T16:59:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 disserta__o_anna_rosa_chagas_abreu.pdf: 717046 bytes, checksum: 72f504d7e97ac2ea8cfc18a74e07115a (MD5) Previous issue date: 24Dois experimentos foram realizados para avaliar os efeitos dos níveis de energia, 3150 kcal/kg e 3200 kcal/kge proteína bruta, 19,2% e 21%, na ração para frangos de corte fêmeas em crescimento sob condições de ambiente termoneutro (experimento I) ou em estresse cíclico por calor (experimento II). Foram utilizadas 288 aves para cada experimento, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 (dois níveis de energia x dois níveis de proteína bruta na ração), sendo utilizadas 12 aves por unidade experimental e seis repetições por tratamento. No experimento I, ambiente termoneutro, os tratamentos não influenciaram as variáveis de desempenho (P>0,05). Houve interação entre energia e proteína bruta da ração para todas as variáveis do ensaio de metabolismo (CDMS, CDPB, CDEE, EMA e EMAn) (P0,05). Os tratamentos não influenciaram o peso relativo do fígado e intestinos (P>0,05), mas o maior nível de proteína bruta proporcionou maior peso de peito (P0,05) e o nível energético 3200 kcal/kg proporcionou redução no peso relativo da gordura abdominal das aves, mas somente quando utilizado com 21% de proteína bruta na ração. Os tratamentos não influenciaram os parâmetros fisiológicos das aves em nenhuma das idades avaliadas (P>0,05). O maior nível de energia, assim como o maior nível proteico, independentemente, proporcionaram maior custo de ração por quilo de frango (P0,05). Para o experimento II, a única variável de desempenho influenciada pelos tratamentos foi o consumo de ração (P0,05), onde a redução do nível energético proporcionou aumento no consumo de ração. No ensaio de metabolismo, a interação entre os níveis de energia e proteína bruta da ração foi significativa para CDMS, EMA e EMAn (P0,05). O maior nível de proteína bruta da ração reduziu o CDPB (P0,05). O maior nível de energia e de proteína bruta na ração, independentemente, proporcionaram aumento no CDEE (P0,05). O menor nível proteico proporcionou aumento no peso relativo do fígado (P0,05). Os tratamentos não influenciaram o peso relativo dos intestinos, peito, coxa e gordura abdominal (P>0,05). Houve interação entre energia e idade das aves para temperatura retal (P0,05), o nível 3200 kcal/kg de energia na ração aumentou a temperatura retal das aves, mas somente com 26 dias de idade. Os tratamentos não influenciaram a frequência respiratória das aves (P>0,05). Assim como em ambiente termoneutro, no ambiente com estresse por calor cíclico, o maior nível de energia e o maior nível proteico, independentemente, proporcionaram maior custo de ração por quilo de frango (P0,05). Os menores níveis nutricionais, 3150 kcal/kg de energia e 19,2% de proteína bruta na ração, devem ser utilizados para frangos de corte fêmeas em fase de crescimento sob condições de ambiente termoneutro ou estresse cíclico por calor, pois o aumento dos níveis nutricionais não alterou o desempenho das aves e aumentou o custo de produção.Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of energy levels, 3150 kcal/kg and 3200 kcal/kg, and crude protein, 19,2% and 21%, in diet for female broilers, in growth phase, under thermoneutral conditions (experiment I) or cyclic heat stress (experiment II). In each experiment, 288 broilers were used, distributed in a completely randomized factorial 2x2 (two energy levels x two levels of crude protein in the diet), using 12 broilers per experimental unit and 6 replicates per treatment. In the first experiment, thermoneutral condition, the treatment did not affect the performance variables (P>0.05). There was interaction between energy and crude protein of diet for all variables of metabolism experiment (CDMS, CDCP, CDEE, AME and AMEn) (P0.05). The treatments did not affect the relative weight of liver and intestines (P>0.05), but the highest level of crude protein resulted in higher breast weight (P0.05) and the use of 3200 kcal/kg of energy level resulted in a reduction in abdominal fat weight, but only when used with 21% of crude protein in diet. The treatments did not influence broilers physiological index in none of the ages (P>0.05). The higher energy level and higher protein level, independently, resulted in higher cost of feed per pound of chicken (P0.05). In the second experiment, the only performance variable influenced by the treatments was feed intake (P 0.05), in which the reduction of energy levels resulted in an increase in feed intake. In the metabolism assay, the interaction between energy levels and dietary crude protein was significant for CDMS, AME and AMEn (P 0.05). The highest crude protein level in diet reduced the CDCP (P0.05). The highest level of energy and crude protein in diet, independently, resulted in increased CDEE (P0.05). The lower level of protein led to an increase in relative liver weight (P0.05). The treatments did not influence the relative weight of intestines, breast, thigh and abdominal fat (P>0.05). There was interaction between energy and broilers age for rectal temperature (P0.05), in which the energy level of 3200 kcal/kg increased the rectal temperature of broilers, but only in the 26th day of age. The treatments did not affect respiratory rate of broilers (P>0.05). As well as in thermoneutral conditions, in the cyclic heat stress condition, the highest energy and protein level, independently, resulted in a higher cost of feed per pound of chicken (P0.05). The lower nutritional levels, 3150 kcal/kg of energy and 19,2% of crude protein in diet, should be used for female broilers in growth phase under thermoneutral or cyclic heat stress conditions, once the increased nutritional levels did not affect broilers performance and increased the production cost

Performance, nutrient digestibility, and muscular evaluation of female broiler chickens fed different dietary protein levels and slaughtered at 38 or 46 days

This study evaluated the effects of two protein levels and types of formulation on performance, nutrient metabolization, and myopathies of 390 female broilers from 21 to 46 days old distributed in a completely randomized design, with five treatments and six replicates of 13 broilers each. Treatments were two levels of protein (19.0 and 21.0%) in diets using only commercially available ingredients and three experimental formulations designed to keep similar the main nutrients that could influence nutritional performance (starch, fiber, ether extract), using unusual ingredients, with 19.0% (19E) or 21.0% (21E) crude protein and the third with 19.0% crude protein with amino acid levels similar to treatment 21P (19E+Aa). We studied broiler performance, nutrient digestibility, macroscopic muscular evaluation, and histological muscular evaluation. The design for the performance and myopathy assessment was a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, five diets × two ages (38 or 46 days). The worst feed conversion ratio was observed for the 19P treatment. Neither diet nor age had an effect on myopathies, however, older slaughter age increased the intensity of microscopic lesions. The diet 19P should be avoided and increased inclusion of lipids in diets improves nutrient utilization and, consequently, performanc

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

Núcleos de Ensino da Unesp: artigos 2008

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq