Cultures in Refuge: seeking sanctuary in modern Australia

New formulations of globalisation have radically altered how people conceptualise the movement of people, ideas and capital throughout the globe, with questions of securitisation and transnational sentiment re-shaping long-standing Western concepts of asylum and human rights. Questioning the manner in which the reception of sanctuary in modern Australia changes migrants' sense of belonging, this interdisciplinary volume focuses on the disjuncture between receiving sanctuary and feeling secure in one's self and community. With emphasis on the formation and expression of migrant and refugee cultures, the book deliberately blurs the distinction between migrants and refugees, in order to engage more directly with the subjectivities of lived experience and social networks

Coupling Computational and Intracellular Screening and Selection Toward Co-compatible cJun and cFos Antagonists

Basic leucine-zipper (bZIP) proteins represent difficult yet compelling oncogenic targets, since numerous cell-signalling cascades converge upon them where they function to modulate transcription of specific gene targets. bZIPs are widely recognised as important regulators of cellular processes that include cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation. Once such validated transcriptional regulator, Activator Protein-1 is typically comprised of heterodimers of Fos and Jun family members, with cFos-cJun being the best described, and demonstrated to be key in the progression and development of a number of different diseases. As a proof-of-principle for our approach, we describe the first use of a novel combined in silico/in cellulo peptide-library screening platform that facilitates the derivation of a sequence which displays high selectivity for cJun relative to cFos, while also avoiding homodimerisation. In particular, >60 million peptide peptides were computationally screened and all potential on/off targets ranked according to predicted stability, leading to a reduced size library that was further refined by intracellular selection. The derived sequence is predicted to have limited cross-talk with a second previously-derived peptide antagonist that is selective for cFos in the presence of cJun. The study provides new insight into the use of multi-state screening with the ability to combine computational and intracellular approaches in evolving multiple co-compatible peptides that are capable of satisfying conflicting design requirements

Self-Confirming Price Prediction for Bidding in Simultaneous Ascending Auctions

Simultaneous, separate ascending auctions are ubiquitous, even when agents have preferences over combinations of goods, from which arises the emph{exposure problem}. Little is known about strategies that perform well when the exposure problem is important. We present a new family of bidding strategies for this situation, in which agents form and utilize various amounts of information from predictions of the distribution of final prices. The predictor strategies we define differ in their choice of method for generating the initial (pre-auction) prediction. We explore several methods, but focus on emph{self-confirming} predictions. An agents prediction of characteristics of the distribution of closing prices is self-confirming if, when all agents follow the same predictor bidding strategy, the final price distributions that actually result are consistent with the utilized characteristics of the prediction. We extensively analyze an auction environment with five goods, and five agents who each can choose from 53 different bidding strategies (resulting in over 4.2 million distinct strategy combinations). We find that the self-confirming distribution predictor is a highly stable, pure-strategy Nash equilibrium. We have been unable to find any other Nash strategies in this environment. In limited experiments in other environments the self-confirming distribution predictor consistently performs well, but is not generally a pure-strategy Nash equilibrium

Self-Confirming Price Prediction for Bidding in Simultaneous Ascending Auctions

Simultaneous, separate ascending auctions are ubiquitous, even when agents have preferences over combinations of goods, from which arises the emph{exposure problem}. Little is known about strategies that perform well when the exposure problem is important. We present a new family of bidding strategies for this situation, in which agents form and utilize various amounts of information from predictions of the distribution of final prices. The predictor strategies we define differ in their choice of method for generating the initial (pre-auction) prediction. We explore several methods, but focus on emph{self-confirming} predictions. An agents prediction of characteristics of the distribution of closing prices is self-confirming if, when all agents follow the same predictor bidding strategy, the final price distributions that actually result are consistent with the utilized characteristics of the prediction. We extensively analyze an auction environment with five goods, and five agents who each can choose from 53 different bidding strategies (resulting in over 4.2 million distinct strategy combinations). We find that the self-confirming distribution predictor is a highly stable, pure-strategy Nash equilibrium. We have been unable to find any other Nash strategies in this environment. In limited experiments in other environments the self-confirming distribution predictor consistently performs well, but is not generally a pure-strategy Nash equilibrium

The effect of ankle bracing and range of motion on landing biomechanics in young netballers

Introduction Lower extremity injury is common in netball. Reduced ankle dorsiflexion range of motion has been linked to a number of these injuries although the biomechanical reasons for the association are as yet unclear. Ankle injury is particularly common in netball and netballers are encouraged to wear ankle braces to reduce the risk of ankle injury. These braces have the potential to predispose athletes to injury further up the kinetic chain as research has shown braces can restrict ankle dorsiflexion range of motion. The aims of this thesis were to investigate in young netballers: 1) The effect of restricted ankle dorsiflexion range of motion on landing biomechanics and 2) The effect of ankle bracing on landing biomechanics. Methods Landing biomechanics were investigated during a drop jump, drop land, and a netball-specific task involving a pass and a one-to-two landing style (unilateral initial landing with the second foot quickly brought down ahead of the first). Dependent variables included leg, knee and ankle stiffness, knee/ankle stiffness ratio, knee and ankle sagittal excursion, peak vertical ground reaction force (vGRF), time-to-peak vertical ground reaction force (TTP), and loading rate (LR) during landing. These variables were investigated using 3D motion capture and force plates. To investigate the association between dorsiflexion range of motion and landing biomechanics participants were divided into high and low dorsiflexion groups and results compared between groups. A within-subject design was used to investigate the effect of lace-up ankle braces with participants performing all tasks with and without braces. Results Ankle stiffness was moderately higher in the low DF group on the left during the drop land (ES=0.84) and in the lead limb during the netball jump (ES=0.87). The low DF group also had moderate reduction in ankle excursion on the left during the drop jump (ES=-0.55) and in the trailing ankle during the netball jump (ES=-0.97). Additionally they showed a large increase in knee excursion on the left during the drop jump (ES=1.91) and in the trailing limb during the netball jump (ES=1.85). In the brace condition there was a small increase in bilateral leg stiffness during the drop land (ES=0.21, 0.22), a small increase in bilateral ankle stiffness during the drop jump (ES=0.37, 0.29), a small to moderate increase in bilateral ankle stiffness during the drop land (ES=0.40, 0.60), and small reductions in the knee/ankle stiffness ratio in all three tasks (ES=-0.22 to -0.45). Additionally, in the brace condition there were small decreases in bilateral ankle sagittal excursion during the drop jump (ES=-0.35,-0.53) and drop land (ES=-0.23,-46) and in the lead limb during the netball jump (ES=-0.36). Finally, in the brace condition there was a small reduction in knee excursion bilaterally during the drop jump (ES=-0.36,-0.40) and in the lead limb during netball task (ES=-0.59), and a small increase in lead limb TTP during the netball jump (ES=0.41). Conclusion Young netballers with low DF ROM may exhibit greater ankle stiffness, less ankle sagittal excursion and more sagittal knee excursion during landing than netballers with greater range. Lace-up ankle braces may result in greater leg and joint stiffness and reduced joint excursion during landing but do not appear to affect landing forces. These biomechanical changes may predispose young netballers to lower extremity injury and should be considered in the training and long term use of ankle braces in this group

In vitro ammonia release of urea-treated high moisture barley and maize grain

Rumen nitrogen (N) release from ammoniated wet barley and maize kernels by urea treatment (UT) at harvesting was studied. Untreated samples (CTR) were compared to UT and to samples combined with urea just before the experiment (UA). In Experiment 1, ground CTR, UT and UA samples were fermented in a ruminal in vitro system, and ammonia of fermentation fluid was analysed at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h. The effect of incubation time was observed as ammonia peaked at 4 h of fermentation (10.24 vs 9.01 and 7.20 mg \ub7 dl 121, respectively at 0 and 8 h, P < 0.01). Also, the effect of treatment was stated when UT released less ammonia than UA treatment (9.76 vs 10.52 mg \ub7 dl 121, P < 0.05), while the CTR samples showed the least ammonia N concentrations (P < 0.01). In Experiment 2, the water N solubility of CTR and UT of both cereal samples prepared in three physical forms (whole grain, coarsely ground and milled) was examined. Samples were incubated in flasks with distilled water for 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h and N was measured in filtered residues to calculate N solubility. The UT samples, regardless cereal type, solubilised more N in the milled than in the whole form with the coarse form in the middle (43.7 vs 15.3%, 32.4 vs 14.0% and 20.3 vs 9.2% for milled, coarse and whole form, respectively; treatment 7 physical form interaction: P < 0.01). The N added to wet cereal kernels by the urea treatment was released in the rumen fermentation liquid more slowly than that simply added as urea before incubation. Based on solubility data, the treated whole or cracked kernels exhibited a slower N release than milled ones