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An evaluation of word usage practice lessons

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston Universit

DNA Microarray Genotyping and Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance Gene Profiling of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Isolates from Renal Patients.

Thirty-six methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bloodstream isolates from renal patients were genetically characterized by DNA microarray analysis and spa typing. The isolates were highly clonal, belonging mainly to ST22-MRSA-IV. The immune evasion and enterotoxin gene clusters were found in 29/36 (80%) and 33/36 (92%) of isolates, respectively

Effects of a premolt calcium and low-energy molt program on laying hen behavior and heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratios

The objectives of this study were to compare the behaviors, postures, and heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratios (H:L) of laying hens housed in a cage system when offered a Ca premolt treatment and low-energy molt diets vs. a traditional feed withdrawal (FW) treatment during and after molt. A total of 144 Hy-Line W-36 hens (85 wk of age), housed 3 hens/cage (413 cm2/hen), were used. Hens were allotted to treatments according to a randomized complete block design, with the cage location and initial BW as the blocking criteria. Six treatments were compared in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement with 2 Ca premolt treatments (fine or coarse) and 3 low-energy molt diets (FW, soybean hulls, or wheat middlings). The 2 Ca premolt treatments differed only in Ca particle size (fine was 0.14 mm and coarse was 2.27 mm mean diameter). Two postures and 5 behaviors were recorded and H:L was measured. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS, with P \u3c 0.05 considered significant. There were no differences in behaviors, postures, or H:L during the premolt baseline period. The Ca premolt treatment had no carryover effects during or after molt for behaviors or postures. During molt, hens in the FW treatment were more active, and they ate and drank less compared with hens fed soybean hulls or wheat middlings, but there were no differences in aggression, nonnutritive pecking, or sitting. Drinking and aggression during and after molt were not different, but hens postmolt engaged in more sitting and feeding and less activity, nonnutritive pecking, and preening compared with during molt. There were no differences in H:L during or after molt. In conclusion, a Ca premolt treatment did not affect the behavior of the laying hen. The low-energy molt diets did not adversely affect behavior compared with FW and did not increase H:L; therefore, they could be useful alternatives for inducing molt in laying hens

Development of an Embedded Microcomputer-based Force Plate System for Measuring Sow Weight Distribution and Detection of Lameness

Measuring sow weight distribution is vital for scientists to identify lame animals before clinical signs can be visually observed and help livestock producers decrease lameness incidence in their swine breeding herd. In this study, an embedded microcomputer-based force plate system was developed to measure vertical forces produced by each limb of the sow and evaluate data accuracy to the sow\u27s known weight. It was found that all tested sows averaged more weight on their front legs than their hind legs and side-to-side weight differences had more variation than front-to-hind distribution. The deviation in front-to-hind weight distribution might be indicative of lameness in both hind or both front feet. To better illustrate the capabilities of the force plate, a 60-s data rolling average protocol was employed for the collected weight data which were recorded every second from each sow leg. The preliminary results indicate that the force plate system was able to identify sow lameness by separately measuring the weight of each leg. Future work will need to evaluate the magnitude of the difference in weight distribution between legs detected by the force plate system in order for producers to effectively determine lameness in sows

Nurses\u27 Alumnae Association Bulletin - Volume 17 Number 1

Alumnae Notes Committee Reports Digest of Alumnae Association Meetings Greetings from Miss Childs Greetings from the Educational Director Greetings from the President Graduation Awards - 1951 Jefferson\u27s New Hospital Addition Marriages Necrology Neurosurgery Department New Arrivals New Drugs Notes on the Cause of Leukemia Nursing Staff Saul Among the Prophets Staff Activities, 1951-1952 Students\u27 Corner The Hospital Pharmacy The Student Nurse Association of Pennsylvania White Haven and Barton Memorial Division

Mobile element insertions are frequent in oesophageal adenocarcinomas and can mislead paired-end sequencing analysis.

BACKGROUND: Mobile elements are active in the human genome, both in the germline and cancers, where they can mutate driver genes. RESULTS: While analysing whole genome paired-end sequencing of oesophageal adenocarcinomas to find genomic rearrangements, we identified three ways in which new mobile element insertions appear in the data, resembling translocation or insertion junctions: inserts where unique sequence has been transduced by an L1 (Long interspersed element 1) mobile element; novel inserts that are confidently, but often incorrectly, mapped by alignment software to L1s or polyA tracts in the reference sequence; and a combination of these two ways, where different sequences within one insert are mapped to different loci. We identified nine unique sequences that were transduced by neighbouring L1s, both L1s in the reference genome and L1s not present in the reference. Many of the resulting inserts were small fragments that include little or no recognisable mobile element sequence. We found 6 loci in the reference genome to which sequence reads from inserts were frequently mapped, probably erroneously, by alignment software: these were either L1 sequence or particularly long polyA runs. Inserts identified from such apparent rearrangement junctions averaged 16 inserts/tumour, range 0-153 insertions in 43 tumours. However, many inserts would not be detected by mapping the sequences to the reference genome, because they do not include sufficient mappable sequence. To estimate total somatic inserts we searched for polyA sequences that were not present in the matched normal or other normals from the same tumour batch, and were not associated with known polymorphisms. Samples of these candidate inserts were verified by sequencing across them or manual inspection of surrounding reads: at least 85 % were somatic and resembled L1-mediated events, most including L1Hs sequence. Approximately 100 such inserts were detected per tumour on average (range zero to approximately 700). CONCLUSIONS: Somatic mobile elements insertions are abundant in these tumours, with over 75 % of cases having a number of novel inserts detected. The inserts create a variety of problems for the interpretation of paired-end sequencing data.Funding was primarily from Cancer Research UK program grants to RCF and ST (C14478/A15874 and C14303/A17197), with additional support awarded to RCF from UK Medical Research Council, NHS National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), the Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre Network and the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, and Cancer Research UK Project grant C1023/A14545 to PAWE. JMJW was funded by a Wellcome Trust Translational Medicine and Therapeutics grant

Using Classification Trees to Detect Induced Sow Lameness with a Transient Model

Feet and legs issues are some of the main causes for sow removal in the US swine industry. More timely lameness detection among breeding herd females will allow better treatment decisions and outcomes. Producers will be able to treat lame females before the problem becomes too severe and cull females while they still have salvage value. The objective of this study was to compare the predictive abilities and accuracies of weight distribution and gait measures relative to each other and to a visual lameness detection method when detecting induced lameness among multiparous sows. Developing an objective lameness diagnosis algorithm will benefit animals, producers and scientists in timely and effective identification of lame individuals as well as aid producers in their efforts to decrease herd lameness by selecting animals that are less prone to become lame. In the early stages of lameness, weight distribution and gait are impacted. Lameness was chemically induced for a short time period in 24 multiparous sows and their weight distribution and walking gait were measured in the days following lameness induction. A linear mixed model was used to determine differences between measurements collected from day to day. Using a classification tree analysis, it was determined that the mean weight being placed on each leg was the most predictive measurement when determining whether the leg was sound or lame. The classification tree’s predictive ability decreased as the number of days post-lameness induction increased. The weight distribution measurements had a greater predictive ability compared with the gait measurements. The error rates associated with the weight distribution trees were 29.2% and 31.3% at 6 days post-lameness induction for front and rear injected feet, respectively. For the gait classification trees, the error rates were 60.9% and 29.8% at 6 days post-lameness induction for front and rear injected feet, respectively. More timely lameness detection can improve sow lifetime productivity as well as animal welfare

Dwarf koa (Desmanthus virgatus)

This is the final version. It was first published by BioMed Central at http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/16/473.Background: Mobile elements are active in the human genome, both in the germline and cancers, where they can\ud mutate driver genes.\ud Results: While analysing whole genome paired-end sequencing of oesophageal adenocarcinomas to find genomic\ud rearrangements, we identified three ways in which new mobile element insertions appear in the data, resembling\ud translocation or insertion junctions: inserts where unique sequence has been transduced by an L1 (Long interspersed\ud element 1) mobile element; novel inserts that are confidently, but often incorrectly, mapped by alignment software to\ud L1s or polyA tracts in the reference sequence; and a combination of these two ways, where different sequences within\ud one insert are mapped to different loci. We identified nine unique sequences that were transduced by neighbouring\ud L1s, both L1s in the reference genome and L1s not present in the reference. Many of the resulting inserts were small\ud fragments that include little or no recognisable mobile element sequence. We found 6 loci in the reference genome to\ud which sequence reads from inserts were frequently mapped, probably erroneously, by alignment software: these were\ud either L1 sequence or particularly long polyA runs. Inserts identified from such apparent rearrangement junctions\ud averaged 16 inserts/tumour, range 0?153 insertions in 43 tumours. However, many inserts would not be detected by\ud mapping the sequences to the reference genome, because they do not include sufficient mappable sequence. To\ud estimate total somatic inserts we searched for polyA sequences that were not present in the matched normal or other\ud normals from the same tumour batch, and were not associated with known polymorphisms. Samples of these candidate\ud inserts were verified by sequencing across them or manual inspection of surrounding reads: at least 85 % were somatic\ud and resembled L1-mediated events, most including L1Hs sequence. Approximately 100 such inserts were detected per\ud tumour on average (range zero to approximately 700).\ud Conclusions: Somatic mobile elements insertions are abundant in these tumours, with over 75 % of cases having a\ud number of novel inserts detected. The inserts create a variety of problems for the interpretation of paired-end\ud sequencing data.Funding\ud was primarily from Cancer Research UK program grants to RCF and ST\ud (C14478/A15874 and C14303/A17197), with additional support awarded to\ud RCF from UK Medical Research Council, NHS National Institute for Health\ud Research (NIHR), the Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre Network and\ud the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, and Cancer Research UK\ud Project grant C1023/A14545 to PAWE. JMJW was funded by a Wellcome\ud Trust Translational Medicine and Therapeutics grant

Nurses\u27 Alumnae Association Bulletin - Volume 18 Number 1

Alumnae Notes Central Dressing Room Committee Reports Digest of Alumnae Association Meetings Graduation Awards - 1952 Greetings from Miss Childs Greetings from the President Marriages Modern Trends in Orthopaedic Surgery Necrology New Arrivals Physical Advances at Jefferson Hospital - 1953 Staff Activities - 1952-1953 Student Activities The Artificial Heart Lung Machin