Influência do desenvolvimento etário e da suplementação com vitamina E (acetato de DL-alfa-tocoferol) no metabolismo oxidativo dos neutrófilos de bovinos da raça Holandesa (Bos taurus)

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo analisar a influência do desenvolvimento etário e da suplementação com acetato de DL-alfa-tocoferol sobre o metabolismo oxidativo de neutrófilos, em bovinos da raça holandesa, no período do nascimento até os 150 dias de idade. Foram utilizados 20 bezerros divididos em dois grupos de dez animais. Os animais do grupo Tratamento receberam 2000UI de acetato de DL-alfa-tocoferol, por via intramuscular, ao nascimento, aos 15, 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias de idade, sendo o outro o grupo Controle, que não recebeu qualquer suplementação. Em ambos os grupos, o metabolismo oxidativo dos neutrófilos demonstrou pouca atividade durante os primeiros 60 dias de vida, sendo indicativo da ineficiência deste importante mecanismo bactericida. Não foi observado efeito significativo da administração do acetato de DL-alfa-tocoferol sobre o metabolismo oxidativo de neutrófilos.This study was carried out to evaluate the influence of age and supplementation with acetate of DL-alpha-tocopherol on the neutrophils oxidative metabolism of Holstein calves from birth to 150 days of age. Twenty calves were divided in two groups of ten animals. The animals of group Treatment received 2000UI of DL-alpha-tocopherol acetate, IM, at birth, and at 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of age. The other group (Control), did not receive any supplementation. In both experimental groups the neutrophils oxidative metabolism showed little activity during the first 60 days of life, wich could indicate inefficiency of this important bactericidal mechanism. Neutrophils oxidative metabolism was not significantly affected by treatment with acetate of DL-alpha-tocopherol

Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science

p.293-298O presente trabalho teve por objetivo analisar a influência do desenvolvimento etário e da suplementação com acetato de DL-alfa-tocoferol sobre o metabolismo oxidativo de neutrófilos, em bovinos da raça holandesa, no período do nascimento até os 150 dias de idade. Foram utilizados 20 bezerros divididos em dois grupos de dez animais. Os animais do grupo Tratamento receberam 2000UI de acetato de DL-alfa-tocoferol, por via intramuscular, ao nascimento, aos 15, 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias de idade, sendo o outro o grupo Controle, que não recebeu qualquer suplementação. Em ambos os grupos, o metabolismo oxidativo dos neutrófilos demonstrou pouca atividade durante os primeiros 60 dias de vida, sendo indicativo da ineficiência deste importante mecanismo bactericida. Não foi observado efeito significativo da administração do acetato de DL-alfa-tocoferol sobre o metabolismo oxidativo de neutrófilos

Supplementation with vitamin E (acetate of DL-alpha-tocopherol) on the mastitis occurrence in Jersey cows. Suplementação com vitamina E (Acetato de DL-alfa-tocoferol) e a ocorrência de mastites em vacas da raça Jersey

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect vitamin E supplementation on the occurrence of mastitis in dairy cows. Thirteen animals received 3 g of DL-alpha-tocopherol acetate, for intramuscular way, on the 45, 30 and 15 days before the previous date at calving. The control group received physiologic solution to 0,9% in the same moments. The occurrence of mastitis was observed only in three moments, after of the parturition, at 60 (M1), 90 (M2) and 120 (M3) days after at calving. The occurrence of mastitis was evaluated across of methods California Mastitis Test (CMT) and Somatic Cells Count (SCC). However, the protocol used in the experiment no had influence on the occurrence of mastitis in dairy cows, was not observed significative difference for to CMT and SCC in the three moments studied.O estudo objetivou analisar o efeito da suplementação com vitamina E sobre a ocorrência de mastites em vacas leiteiras. Treze animais receberam suplementação com três gramas de acetato de DL-alfa-tocoferol (LABOVET Bahia Brasil), por via intramuscular, aos 45, 30 e 15 dias antes do parto. O grupo controle recebeu placebo (soro fisiológico) nos mesmos momentos. A ocorrência de mastites foi observada em três momentos, após o parto, aos 60 (M1), aos 90 (M2) e aos 120 (M3) dias. A ocorrência de mastites foi avaliada através dos métodos do California Mastitis Test (CMT) e da Contagem de Células Somáticas (CCS). Entretanto, o protocolo de suplementação com vitamina E utilizado nesse experimento não teve influência sobre a ocorrência de mastites em vacas leiteiras, pois não foram observadas diferenças significativas para os resultados do CMT e da CCS, entre os grupos experimentais, nos três momentos estudados. Palavras chave: Vitamina E, vacas leiteiras, mastites

Influence of age and vitamin E supplementation (DL-alpha-tocopherol acetate) on neutrophil oxidative metabolism in Holstein friesan (Bos taurus)

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo analisar a influência do desenvolvimento etário e da suplementação com acetato de DL-alfa-tocoferol sobre o metabolismo oxidativo de neutrófilos, em bovinos da raça holandesa, no período do nascimento até os 150 dias de idade. Foram utilizados 20 bezerros divididos em dois grupos de dez animais. Os animais do grupo Tratamento receberam 2000UI de acetato de DL-alfa-tocoferol, por via intramuscular, ao nascimento, aos 15, 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias de idade, sendo o outro o grupo Controle, que não recebeu qualquer suplementação. em ambos os grupos, o metabolismo oxidativo dos neutrófilos demonstrou pouca atividade durante os primeiros 60 dias de vida, sendo indicativo da ineficiência deste importante mecanismo bactericida. Não foi observado efeito significativo da administração do acetato de DL-alfa-tocoferol sobre o metabolismo oxidativo de neutrófilos.This study was carried out to evaluate the influence of age and supplementation with acetate of DL-alpha-tocopherol on the neutrophils oxidative metabolism of Holstein calves from birth to 150 days of age. Twenty calves were divided in two groups of ten animals. The animals of group Treatment received 2000UI of DL-alpha-tocopherol acetate, IM, at birth, and at 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of age. The other group (Control), did not receive any supplementation. In both experimental groups the neutrophils oxidative metabolism showed little activity during the first 60 days of life, wich could indicate inefficiency of this important bactericidal mechanism. Neutrophils oxidative metabolism was not significantly affected by treatment with acetate of DL-alpha-tocopherol

Carcinoma de células escamosas na base do chifre com metástase pulmonar em um bovino – Relato de caso

Descreve-se um caso de carcinoma de células escamosas na base do chifre com metástase pulmonar em um bovino prenhe. Em novembro de 2015, uma vaca Gir com nove anos de idade foi atendida no Centro de Desenvolvimento da Pecuária (CDP) da UFBA. Segundo o proprietário, o animal apresentou lesão traumática na base do chifre esquerdo devido ao uso de corda, a qual não respondeu ao tratamento e resultou em rotação do chifre. Ao exame físico observaram-se grande massa tumoral (16x17x8cm), irregular, fétida, de consistência esponjosa e aspecto de couve-flor, pruriginosa e de fácil sangramento, localizada na pele crânioventral à base do chifre e orelha esquerda que se infiltrava profundamente para o interior do chifre esquerdo. Foram realizados exames complementares: hemograma, exame radiográfico e a biopsia da massa tumoral. O hemograma revelou anemia severa, hipoproteinemia e leucocitose.  A radiografia evidenciou invasão dos terços proximal e médio do chifre esquerdo pela massa tumoral e proeminências que circundavam os ossos da cabeça. A avaliação histopatológica evidenciou que a massa era constituída por proliferação de células epiteliais neoplásicas, moderadamente diferenciadas com núcleos arredondados a ovoides, arranjados em cordões irregulares e ninhos sólidos entremeados por escasso estroma fibroso; notou-se caráter infiltrativo manifesto. O diagnóstico carcinoma de células escamosas (CCE) da base do chifre foi estabelecido com base no histórico, sinais clínicos, epidemiologia e exame histopatológico. Devido à gestação avançada e condição clínica precária, o tratamento de suporte foi indicado para estabilização do paciente até o parto, para somente então ser realizado o tratamento cirúrgico com ressecção da massa tumoral associado a descorna. Contudo, após o parto, a vaca apresentou piora significativa do quadro clínico, com decúbito persistente, inapetência, anemia severa, fraqueza generalizada, sem resposta aos tratamentos realizados. Devido ao prognóstico desfavorável o proprietário optou pela eutanásia. Após a morte o animal foi necropsiado. Durante a necropsia verificou-se que a massa tumoral infiltrava as porções proximal e média internas do corno esquerdo, bem como todo o seio frontal esquerdo associada a intenso exsudato purulento e detritos celulares. Adicionalmente observaram-se nos lobos caudais dos pulmões múltiplos nódulos esbranquiçados com até 3,0cm de diâmetro com características macroscópicas semelhantes ao tumor da base de chifre. A avaliação microscópica revelou tratar-se de metástase do CCE da base do chifre

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

Association of Country Income Level With the Characteristics and Outcomes of Critically Ill Patients Hospitalized With Acute Kidney Injury and COVID-19

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) has been identified as one of the most common and significant problems in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. However, studies examining the relationship between COVID-19 and AKI in low- and low-middle income countries (LLMIC) are lacking. Given that AKI is known to carry a higher mortality rate in these countries, it is important to understand differences in this population. Methods: This prospective, observational study examines the AKI incidence and characteristics of 32,210 patients with COVID-19 from 49 countries across all income levels who were admitted to an intensive care unit during their hospital stay. Results: Among patients with COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit, AKI incidence was highest in patients in LLMIC, followed by patients in upper-middle income countries (UMIC) and high-income countries (HIC) (53%, 38%, and 30%, respectively), whereas dialysis rates were lowest among patients with AKI from LLMIC and highest among those from HIC (27% vs. 45%). Patients with AKI in LLMIC had the largest proportion of community-acquired AKI (CA-AKI) and highest rate of in-hospital death (79% vs. 54% in HIC and 66% in UMIC). The association between AKI, being from LLMIC and in-hospital death persisted even after adjusting for disease severity. Conclusions: AKI is a particularly devastating complication of COVID-19 among patients from poorer nations where the gaps in accessibility and quality of healthcare delivery have a major impact on patient outcomes

Thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications of COVID-19 in adults hospitalized in high-income countries compared with those in adults hospitalized in low- and middle-income countries in an international registry

Background: COVID-19 has been associated with a broad range of thromboembolic, ischemic, and hemorrhagic complications (coagulopathy complications). Most studies have focused on patients with severe disease from high-income countries (HICs). Objectives: The main aims were to compare the frequency of coagulopathy complications in developing countries (low- and middle-income countries [LMICs]) with those in HICs, delineate the frequency across a range of treatment levels, and determine associations with in-hospital mortality. Methods: Adult patients enrolled in an observational, multinational registry, the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infections COVID-19 study, between January 1, 2020, and September 15, 2021, met inclusion criteria, including admission to a hospital for laboratory-confirmed, acute COVID-19 and data on complications and survival. The advanced-treatment cohort received care, such as admission to the intensive care unit, mechanical ventilation, or inotropes or vasopressors; the basic-treatment cohort did not receive any of these interventions. Results: The study population included 495,682 patients from 52 countries, with 63% from LMICs and 85% in the basic treatment cohort. The frequency of coagulopathy complications was higher in HICs (0.76%-3.4%) than in LMICs (0.09%-1.22%). Complications were more frequent in the advanced-treatment cohort than in the basic-treatment cohort. Coagulopathy complications were associated with increased in-hospital mortality (odds ratio, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.52-1.64). The increased mortality associated with these complications was higher in LMICs (58.5%) than in HICs (35.4%). After controlling for coagulopathy complications, treatment intensity, and multiple other factors, the mortality was higher among patients in LMICs than among patients in HICs (odds ratio, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.39-1.51). Conclusion: In a large, international registry of patients hospitalized for COVID-19, coagulopathy complications were more frequent in HICs than in LMICs (developing countries). Increased mortality associated with coagulopathy complications was of a greater magnitude among patients in LMICs. Additional research is needed regarding timely diagnosis of and intervention for coagulation derangements associated with COVID-19, particularly for limited-resource settings

Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, ventilation management, and outcomes in invasively ventilated intensive care unit patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome: a pooled analysis of four observational studies

Background: Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, the practice of ventilation, and outcome in invasively ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain unexplored. In this analysis we aim to address these gaps using individual patient data of four large observational studies. Methods: In this pooled analysis we harmonised individual patient data from the ERICC, LUNG SAFE, PRoVENT, and PRoVENT-iMiC prospective observational studies, which were conducted from June, 2011, to December, 2018, in 534 ICUs in 54 countries. We used the 2016 World Bank classification to define two geoeconomic regions: middle-income countries (MICs) and high-income countries (HICs). ARDS was defined according to the Berlin criteria. Descriptive statistics were used to compare patients in MICs versus HICs. The primary outcome was the use of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) for the first 3 days of mechanical ventilation. Secondary outcomes were key ventilation parameters (tidal volume size, positive end-expiratory pressure, fraction of inspired oxygen, peak pressure, plateau pressure, driving pressure, and respiratory rate), patient characteristics, the risk for and actual development of acute respiratory distress syndrome after the first day of ventilation, duration of ventilation, ICU length of stay, and ICU mortality. Findings: Of the 7608 patients included in the original studies, this analysis included 3852 patients without ARDS, of whom 2345 were from MICs and 1507 were from HICs. Patients in MICs were younger, shorter and with a slightly lower body-mass index, more often had diabetes and active cancer, but less often chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure than patients from HICs. Sequential organ failure assessment scores were similar in MICs and HICs. Use of LTVV in MICs and HICs was comparable (42·4% vs 44·2%; absolute difference -1·69 [-9·58 to 6·11] p=0·67; data available in 3174 [82%] of 3852 patients). The median applied positive end expiratory pressure was lower in MICs than in HICs (5 [IQR 5-8] vs 6 [5-8] cm H2O; p=0·0011). ICU mortality was higher in MICs than in HICs (30·5% vs 19·9%; p=0·0004; adjusted effect 16·41% [95% CI 9·52-23·52]; p<0·0001) and was inversely associated with gross domestic product (adjusted odds ratio for a US$10 000 increase per capita 0·80 [95% CI 0·75-0·86]; p<0·0001). Interpretation: Despite similar disease severity and ventilation management, ICU mortality in patients without ARDS is higher in MICs than in HICs, with a strong association with country-level economic status