Contemporary criminal policy of Germany: example to follow or timely warning?

Objective based on the analysis of publications of German criminologists and sociologists to identify and describe the main directions of development of modern criminal policy in Germany including the work of penitentiary system to determine the influence of new threats international terrorism on the regulatory activities of the state and thus on the rights and freedoms of citizens. Methods general scientific analysis systemicstructural approach to the analysis of the study object comparative legal method and a specific scientific method ndash content analysis of scientific publications of German criminologists and sociologists. nbsp Results the author identifies and describes the influence of the socalled new complex threats on the changes in the German criminal policy namely the emerging trend towards the revival of punitiveness i.e. tightening of criminal law as well as the transition of the rule of law state into a preventive one in which it is necessary to find a balance between freedom and security of citizens. Scientific novelty the article for the first time examines the potential changes in the modern criminal policy of Germany aimed at building a new security system in the modern quotrisk societyquot the possibility to preserve the fundamental civil liberties analyzes the danger of dividing criminal law into civil criminal law and special criminal law to combat enemies for example terrorists recidivists kidnappers in the context of the national legal policy alternative special forms of deprivation restriction of liberty used in Germany are described quotsocial therapyquot assistance to a probationer and establishment of supervision over their behavior socially useful work an electronic bracelet. Practical significance the study results reveal the essential characteristics of possible changes in the modern German criminal policy which is often criticized for rational humanism and indecision in taking urgent measures.nbsp Russia is also actively discussing the issues related to the adequacy of punishment for certain crimes. As a rule four instruments of criminal policy are identified the use of which causes the greatest number of disputes both in Russia and in Germany death penalty torture life imprisonment and additional preventive detention. The analysis of the lawmaking and lawenforcement experience of German colleagues can be very useful as it will help to avoid unnecessary mistakes save human time and financial resources and prepare our legal system to respond to the most complex challenges of our time

Citizens’ estimation of the law order and safety in a megalopolis: results of criminological monitoring

Objective on the basis of sociological research to analyze study and disclose the essential characteristics of public opinion of Nizhny Novgorod citizens on the state of law and order and security in the metropolis to formulate recommendations to employees of the internal affairs bodies engaged in providing public order during cultural and sports events in particular World Cup 2018. Methods general scientific analysis systemstructural approach to the analysis of the study object comparativelegal method as well as logical and specific methods survey method ndash a survey of Nizhny Novgorod residents. Results the characteristics of public opinion of Nizhny Novgorod citizens on the level of law and order and security in the metropolis are identified and classified the factors that provide the feeling of the greatest security and safety as well as the attitude to World Cup 2018 in different categories of the population are determined the typology of population groups is carried out depending on the attitude to conducting other largescale events in the city. Scientific novelty the article based on the analysis of public opinion of Nizhny Novgorod residents for the first time identifies and systematizes the main characteristics including the problem ones of the state of law and order and security in the Nizhniy Novgorod metropolis proposals and practical recommendations were formulated on increasing the efficiency of activity of the regional internal affairs bodies during mass cultural international sports events a account of the particular location of the settlement which will host a mass event b the internal affairs bodiesrsquo administration should constantly be in a dialogue with the district administrations of the municipality on the issues of crime prevention c the citizens should be legally informed about the peculiarities of behavior during mass events d increased requirements for the appearance culture of communication and competence of police officers during mass events e strengthening control over visitors from the region or the nearest regions and their stay in the central part of the city. Practical significance the study results can be used to adjust the work of the territorial bodies of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs to optimize and improve activities to ensure law and order and security as a whole and in the case of the organization of cultural sports including international events. The results of the study can be used in the organization of work to improve the efficiency of the regional internal affairs bodies to ensure the planning of operational activities and the development of appropriate management decisions in law enforcement

Кризис экономики роста как системы: причины и следствия

Актуальность данной работы продиктована кризисным состоянием современной модели экономики. В основе этой модели лежат постулаты о необходимости постоянного роста экономики, который обеспечивается за счет конечного потребления. В обеспечение же реализации такой модели положены монетарные подходы и методы стимулирования потребительского спроса как основного драйвера экономического роста. Венцом данной модели стала долговая экономика потребления обществ индивидуалистов, не имеющих системы традиционных ценностей, а ориентирующихся на иллюзорные временные цели краткосрочного периода. Так, эгоцентрическая модель экономики заняла главенствующее положение по отношению к экологической модели экономики, обнажив массу системообразующих противоречий. Будущее оказалось под угрозой… Целью данной работы является анализ исходных причин этих противоречий, факторов возникновения кризисных явлений и угроз, с которыми столкнулось человечество на современном этапе развития, а также возможных альтернатив устранения этих противоречий и угроз. The relevance of this work is dictated by a critical state of the modern model of the economy. The basis of this model is construed by postulates about the need for sustained economic growth, which is provided by end-use. Monetary approaches and methods of consumer demand stimulation as a main incentive of economic growth guarantee the model implementation. On the top of this model there is a debt consumer economy of a society of individualists who do not have a system of traditional values, but instead have illusory short-term goals. Thus, an egocentric model of the economy has taken a dominant position in relation to an ecological economic model, revealing a lot of systemic contradictions. The future was under threat... The aim of this work is the analysis of the causes of these conflicts, the factors of crisis phenomena, the threats, which mankind faced at this stage of development, and the possible ways of elimination of the contradictions and threats as well. Methods: comparative analysis and synthesis of theoretical fundamental economic sources and assumptions, practical research and personal experience of various Russian and foreign scientists and business practitioners, the results, observations and conclusions arising from the personal experience of the author and his own theoretical research and inventions, and analysis of statistical data

Experience of measuring the level of victimization of the population of Nizhniy Novgorod region

Objective basing on the data from empirical sociological study to identify the level of latency and victimization of the population of Nizhny Novgorod region. Methods general scientific analysis systemicstructural approach to the analysis of object of research comparativelegal as well as logical methods and specific scientific method survey ndash questionnaires and interviews. nbsp Results qualitative and quantitative analysis is performed of the overall situation referring to unrecorded crime latent crime committed on the territory of Nizhny Novgorod city and Nizhny Novgorod oblast as well as comparative analysis of the level of latent crime in the city and region by the types and trends of criminal activities the main reasons are identified for refusal the victims to appeal to police in Nizhny Novgorod and Nizhny Novgorod oblast recommendations and proposals are elaborated of the work of territorial bodies of the Ministry of Domestic Affairs to the aim of reducing the level of latent crime. Scientific novelty for the first time on the basis of data obtained during a sociological survey the crime situation on the territory of Nizhny Novgorod region is discussed revealing the actual level of latent delinquency and proposals and practical recommendations are formulated for the adjustment of the work of territorial bodies of the Ministry of Domestic Affairs to the aim of reducing the level of latent crime. Practical significance basing on the research the recommendations are to improve the work of territorial bodies of the Ministry of Domestic Affairs to the aim of reducing the level of latent crime

Opinions of senior schoolchildren on drugs in the internet: results of a pilot research

Objective to identify the level of engagement of schoolchildren in the process of distribution of narcotic drugs psychotropic substances or their analogues via information and telecommunication networks of common use. Methods the dialectical approach to cognition of social phenomena allowing to analyze them in historical development and functioning in the context of the totality of objective and subjective factors that determined the choice of the following research methods systematicstructural comparativelegal sociological. Results the analysis was made of the involvement of schoolchildren in the process of distribution of narcotic drugs psychotropic substances or their analogues through informationtelecommunication network on the territory of the Russian Federation by the example of Nizhny Novgorod region. The study revealed the existence of two groups of students a group with psychological protection against harmful habits and a risk group. Each group has its own characteristics depending on sex age relationship to the use of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances social contacts of students frequency of using the informationtelecommunication networks of common use. Scientific novelty for the first time on the basis of data obtained as a result of the sociolegal studies the situation was reviewed concerning the distribution of narcotic drugs psychotropic substances or their analogues via information and telecommunication networks of common use among secondary schools students. The social characteristics of a group with psychological protection against harmful habits and a risk group were identified. The proposal was made aimed at reducing the level of engagement of schoolchildren in the process of distribution of narcotic drugs psychotropic substances or their analogues. Practical significance the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific and teaching activities in addressing issues related to combating illicit trafficking of narcotic drugs psychotropic substances or their analogues

Design and Analysis of a Mutant Form of the Ice-binding Protein From\u3cem\u3e Choristoneura Fumiferana\u3c/em\u3e

Ice-binding proteins are expressed in the cells of some cold adapted organisms, helping them to survive at extremely low temperatures. One of the problems in studying such proteins is the difficulty of their isolation and purification. For example, eight cysteine residues in the cfAF (antifreeze protein from the eastern spruce budworm Choristoneura fumiferana) form intermolecular bridges during the overexpression of this protein. This impedes the process of the protein purification dramatically. To overcome this issue, in this work, we designed a mutant form of the ice-binding protein cfAFP, which is much easier to isolate that the wild-type protein. The mutant form named mIBP83 did not lose the ability to bind to ice surface. Besides, observation of the processes of freezing and melting of ice in the presence of mIBP83 showed that this protein affects the process of ice melting, increasing its melting temperature, and does not decrease the water freezing temperature

Beneficial effect of the new Leptodophora sp. strain on development of blueberry microclones in the process of their adaptation

The paper searches for new solutions for the development of highbush blueberry orchards (Vaccinium corymbosum L. (1753)) in Western Siberia. All species of the genus Vaccinium display special symbiotic mycorrhizal associations with root systems—ericoid mycorrhiza, which essentially enhances the formation of adventitious and lateral roots. For the first time, we obtained pure cultures of micromycetes associated with the roots of wild species of the family Ericaceae in the Tomsk region, Russia. With regard to the data of molecular genetic analysis of the ITS region sequence, we selected the BR2-1 isolate based on its morphophysiological traits, which was assigned to the genus Leptodophora. Representatives of this genus typically enter into symbiotic relationships with heathers to form ericoid mycorrhizae. We studied the effect of strain BR2-1 on the development of microclones of the highbush blueberry var. Nord blue during their in vitro adaptation and showed its beneficial effect on growth and shoot formation in young plants. Experiments performed using submerged and solid-state methods showed that the most optimal method for commercial production of BR2-1 is cultivation on grain sterilized by boiling, followed by spore washing