Структурні компоненти етнопедагогічної компетентності вчителя

(uk) У статті в контексті інтеграції української системи вищої професійної освіти у світовий освітній простір знаходять обґрунтування структурні компоненти етнопедагогічної компетентності вчителя, звертається увага на їх зміст та елементарну будову.(ru) В статье в контексте интеграции украинской системы высшего профессионального образования в мировой образовательный простор находять обоснование структурные компоненты этнопедагогической компетентности учителя, обращается внимание на их содержание и элементарное строение

Alcohol use among university students in Sweden measured by an electronic screening instrument

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Electronic-based alcohol screening and brief interventions for university students with problem drinking behaviours forms an important means by which to identify risky drinkers.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In this study an e-SBI project was implemented to assess drinking patterns, and to provide personalised feedback about alcohol consumption and related health problems, to students in a Swedish university. In this study, third semester university students (n = 2858) from all faculties (colleges) at the University were invited to participate in e-SBI screenings. This study employed a randomised controlled trial, with respondents having a equal chance of being assigned to a limited, or full-feedback response.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The study shows that high risk drinkers tend to underestimate their own consumption compared to others, and that these high risk drinkers experience more negative consequences after alcohol intake, than other respondents. There was a strong belief, for both high- and low-risk drinkers, that alcohol helped celebrations be more festive. This study also confirms findings from other study locations that while males drank more than females in our study population; females reached the same peak alcohol blood concentrations as males.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Obtaining clear and current information on drinking patterns demonstrated by university students can help public health officials, university administration, and local health care providers develop appropriate prevention and treatment strategies.</p

A Data-Rich World : Population‐based registers in healthcare research

Advances and integration of information and communication technologies into healthcare systems offer new opportunities to improve public health worldwide. In Sweden, there are already unique possibilities for epidemiological research from registers because of a long tradition of centralized data collection into population-based registers and their allowance for linkage. The growing efficiency of automated digital storage provides growing volumes of archived data that increases the potential of analyses further. The purpose of this thesis can be divided into two parallel themes: illustrations and discussions of the use and usefulness of population-based registers on the one hand, and specific research questions in epidemiology and healthcare research on the other. The research questions are addressed in separate papers. From the Swedish Cancer Registry, 25 years of incidence data on testicular cancer was extracted for a large cohort. Record linkage to survey data on serum cholesterol showed a highly significant positive association, suggesting that elevated serum cholesterol concentration is a risk factor for testicular cancer. Since the finding is the first of its kind and because of wide confidence intervals further studies are needed to confirm the association. Östergötland County council’s administra-tive database (the Care Data Warehouse in Östergötland (CDWÖ)) provided data for preva-lence estimations of four common chronic diseases. The prevalence rate agreed very well with previous estimates for diabetes and fairly well with those for asthma. For hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the observed rates were lower than previous prevalence estimates. Data on several consecutive years covering all healthcare levels are needed to achieve valid prevalence estimates. CDWÖ data was also used to analyse the impact of diabetes on the prevalence of ischemic heart disease. Women had higher diabetes/non-diabetes prevalence rate ratios across all ages. The relative gender difference remained up to the age of 65 years and thereafter decreased considerably. The age-specific direct healthcare cost of diabetes was explored using data from the CDWÖ, the county council’s Cost Per Patient database and the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. The cost per patient and the relative magnitude of different cost components varied considerably by age, which is important to consider in the future planning of diabetes management. The Cancer Registry was established mainly as a basis for epidemiological surveillance and research, exemplified in this thesis by a study on testicular cancer. In contrast, the newly established and planned healthcare databases in different Swedish counties are mainly for managerial purposes. As is shown in this thesis, these new databases may also be used to address problems in epidemiology and healthcare research

To cite: Josefsson A,

Continuation rates of oral hormonal contraceptives in a cohort of first-time users: a population-based registry study, Sweden 2005

Restless legs syndrome during and after pregnancy and its relation to snoring

Objective. To study development of restless legs syndrome (RLS) during and after pregnancy, and whether RLS is related to snoring or other pregnancy-related symptoms. Design. Prospective study. Setting. Antenatal care clinics in the catchment area of Linkoping university hospital, Sweden. Population. Five hundred consecutively recruited pregnant women. Methods. Sleep disturbances, including symptoms of RLS and snoring, were assessed with questionnaires in each trimester. A complementary questionnaire was sent three years after delivery to women experiencing symptoms of RLS during pregnancy. Main outcome measures. Symptoms of RLS in relation to snoring in each trimester. Results. Symptoms of RLS were reported by 17.0% of the women in the first trimester, by 27.1% in the second trimester and by 29.6% in the third trimester. Snoring in the first trimester was correlated to increased prevalence of RLS in all three trimesters (p= 0.003, 0.017 and 0.044 in the first, second and third trimester, respectively). No correlation was found between RLS and anemia, parity or body mass index. Among the women who experienced RLS, 31% still had symptoms three years after delivery. Fifty-eight per cent of those whose symptoms had disappeared stated that this happened within one month after delivery. Conclusions. Symptoms of RLS progressed most between the first and second trimester. Women who snored in the first or second trimester of pregnancy had a higher prevalence of RLS in the third trimester, which indicates that snoring in early pregnancy might predict RLS later. Symptoms of RLS disappear quite soon after delivery, but about one-third of women with RLS during pregnancy may still have symptoms three years after childbirth

Use of hormonal contraceptives in relation to antidepressant therapy: A nationwide population-based study

OBJECTIVES: The relation between the use of different hormonal contraceptives and antidepressant therapy was investigated. METHODS: In a nationwide cross-sectional study among all women in Sweden aged 16-31, drug expenditure data on hormonal contraceptives and antidepressants were obtained from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. Odds ratios (ORs) for antidepressant use were calculated by logistic regression for progestin-only users versus non-users as well as for combined hormonal contraceptive (CHC) users versus non-users. RESULTS: In the study population (N = 917,993), 58.9% were hormonal contraceptive users, and 8.5% were antidepressant users. The age-pattern for antidepressant ORs differed between the two types of users of contraceptives; progestin-only users had significant ORs above 1 in all age groups whereas among CHC users the OR was above 1 solely in those aged 16-19. The largest difference between types of users was seen in the age group 16-19 in which women resorting to a progestin-only contraceptive had a 67% (95% confidence interval: 57- 78%) higher antidepressant use than women treated with a CHC. CONCLUSION: Progestin-only contraceptive users resorted to antidepressants more than users of CHCs. This phenomenon is particularly pronounced among teenagers. Therefore, special attention should be given to young women's mental history when prescribing hormonal contraceptives and vice versa: the contraceptive history should be taken into account when prescribing antidepressants.This is an electronic version of an article published in: Ann-Britt Wiréhn, Anniqa Foldemo, Ann Josefsson and Malou Lindberg, Use of hormonal contraceptives in relation to antidepressant therapy: A nationwide population-based study., 2010, European journal of contraception &amp; reproductive health care, (15), 1, 41-47. European journal of contraception &amp; reproductive health care is available online at informaworldTM: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13625181003587004 Copyright: Taylor &amp; Francis http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/default.asp</p

Snoring during pregnancy and its relation to sleepiness and pregnancy outcome - a prospective study

Background: The incidence of snoring and sleepiness is known to increase during pregnancy, and this might impact maternal health and obstetric outcome. However, the association between snoring and sleepiness during pregnancy is not fully understood. This study was aimed at investigating the development of snoring during pregnancy and prospectively assessing if there is an association between snoring and sleepiness or adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preeclampsia, mode of delivery, and fetal complications. Methods: Consecutively recruited pregnant women (n = 500) received a questionnaire concerning snoring and sleep at the 1st and 3rd trimester of pregnancy. The women who had rated their frequency of snoring at both occasions (n = 340) were divided into subgroups according to the development of snoring they reported and included in the subsequent analyses. Additional medical data were collected from the medical records. Results: The frequency of snoring was 7.9% in the 1st trimester and increased to 21.2% in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. The women who snored already in early pregnancy had significantly higher baseline BMI (p = 0.001) than the women who never snored, but snoring was not associated with the magnitude of weight gain during pregnancy. Snoring women were more likely to experience edema in late pregnancy than the non-snorers. Women who started to snore during pregnancy had higher Epworth Sleepiness Scores than the non snorers in both early and late pregnancy. No significant association between obstetric outcome and snoring was found. Conclusion: Snoring does increase during pregnancy, and this increase is associated with sleepiness, higher BMI at the start of pregnancy and higher prevalence of edema, but not with weight gain

Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for the biosynthesis of astaxanthin

Carotenoids hold great promise due to their numerous health promoting properties. Of the plethora of carotenoids isolated, astaxanthin is one of the most intensively investigated. Astaxanthin can be synthesised by a number of organisms, however these are often not amenable to current industrial production methods, and those that are produce low or impure yields. In this thesis, data are presented' regarding the development of an Escherichia coli based astaxanthin production system that is able to rapidly accumulate industrially relevant quantities of highly pure astaxanthin. In pursuit of this, the genomes of five cyanobacterial strains are screened in order to identify putative genes involved in the final stages of astaxanthin biosynthesis, specifically in the conversion of f3-carotene to astaxanthin. Subsequently the sixteen putative genes identified are functionally characterised, via co-expression in E. coli, and investigated with respect to their capacity to function in astaxanthin biosynthesis. This reveals that all twelve f3-carotene ketolase genes identified are functional, as are two of the four f3-carotene hydroxylase genes. However, only the CrtW type f3. carotene ketolase genes are able to participate in astaxanthin biosynthesis. The best performing elements, with respect to astaxanthin biosynthesis, are combined and employed in the creation of a number of E. coli based astaxanthin production strains. Subsequent studies focus on metabolic restrictions within this system, employing heterologous gene expression and directed evolution methods, as well as a novel PCR based cloning method, in the creation of an E. coli production strain capable of the synthesis of 4.7 mg L-1 astaxanthin in a 24 hour period, at> 90% purity. Further, this study identifies a range of restrictions within the system, and presents methods by which future work could negotiate these, allowing the development of an industrially competitive production strain.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo