Maize response to leguminous biomass composted with phosphate rocks in the northern zone of Tanzania

A study was conducted to evaluate maize response to leguminous biomass composted with phosphate rocks (PRs) in a split plot design. Field experiments were conducted at Wang’waray Farmers Training Center (F.T.C) located in Babati District of Manyara region in the Northern zone of Tanzania between December 2013 and June 2015. Three leguminous (Crotalaria juncea, Lablab purpureus and Mucuna pruriens) strips were cultivated in 2013/14 to produce a biomass which was harvested at flowering to early podding stage and air dried. Air-dry biomass was composted with PRs from Minjingu (medium reactive PR) and Panda Hill (low reactive PR). Maize response to different treatments was evaluated across the field strips in 2014/15 season. The strips previously used to produce leguminous biomass were used as main plots and each strip was divided into seven subplots receiving different treatments at random. A medium term maize variety SC. 627 was used as a test crop. Average maize grain yields obtained from Crotalaria, Lablab and Mucuna strips reached 5.3, 4.5 and 4.0 t ha-1, respectively and were statistically different (P=.05). Application of Minjingu or Panda Hill PR alone didn’t increase maize grain yield above the control while Minjingu PR applied with urea or composted with biomass increased maize grain yield by 2.40 and 1.58 t ha-1, respectively above the control. Application of Panda Hill PR with urea or composted with biomass increased grain yield by 1.20 and 1.06 t ha-1, respectively above the control. The observed differences (0.82 and 0.14 t ha-1) were not statistically significant indicating that biomass composted with PR was as effective as the PR applied with urea

Defesa dos direitos humanos: sistemas regionais

O texto discorre sobre a institucionalização dos sistemas de promoção dos Direitos Humanos, ao longo do século XX. Tomando a Declaração Universal dos Direitos do Homem, de 1948, como base e ponto de partida, o articulista aborda as três principais vertentes dos sistemas de promoção desses direitos: a européia, a americana e a africana. A evolução de cada uma delas descrita analógica e epistemologicamente, de forma a salientar singularidades sem perder de vista as influências recíprocas ou mesmo as determinantes próprias do contexto espaço-social. Para finalizar, o articulista destaca a importância do Tribunal Penal Internacional no estabelecimento de uma justiça ecumênica. Concomitantemente, alerta para o perigo contido na ameaça de os EUA não o ratificarem.<br>The text underlines the institutional character acquired by the main systems to promote Human Rights in the twentieth century. Taking the Universal Human Rigths Declaration, of 1948, as the basis for analysis, the author brings up three different approaches to promote these rights: the European, the American and the African. The evolution of each of them is described using its procedure as a basic reference. Besides, an analogical analysis, brings to the fore singularities, without ignoring reciprocal influences dictated by particular contexts, though. The author stresses the importance of the International Penal Court, as a means to establish ecumenical justice. At the same time, he reminds the reader of the risks implicit in the possible non-ratification of the IPC by United States