SUGARCANE BAGASSE: A NOVEL SUBSTRATE FOR MASS MULTIPLICATION OF FUNNELIFORMIS MOSSEAE WITH ONION AS HOST

A pot experiment was conducted to test the influence of sugarcane bagasse (fibrous waste left over by recovery of sugarcane juice) as a substrate for the inoculum production of Funneliformis mosseae which was recorded in terms of root colonization, spore number and colonization pattern. Their effect on growth performance of onion was also recorded in terms of increase in plant height, above ground fresh and dry weight, root length, root fresh and dry weight. The experiment is a 3×4 factorial design employing three forms of bagasse (fresh, dry and compost) and their four different concentrations (without substrate, 25 g/pot, 50 g/pot and 100 g/pot). The results showed that the positive influence of compost bagasse, which promoted higher root colonization and sporulation, followed by dry and fresh bagasse. Maximum spores, vesicles, arbuscules and 100 per cent colonized roots were detected in plants supplemented with 25 g compost bagasse. This treatment also influences significant increase in plant growth. Although, increasing substrate concentration proved stimulatory to AM fungus as well as onion plant growth but highest concentration (100 g) proved inhibitory. Hence, compost bagasse can be exploited for the multiplication of F. mosseae by farmers as it is a cost effective method of production

Impact of endomycorrhizal fungi and other bioinoculants on growth enhancement of Glycine max (L.) Merrill

In the present investigation, the contributions of two indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mosseae and Acaulospora laevis), along with Trichoderma viride and Bradyrhizobium japonicum on growth parameters of Soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill were investigated. The results obtained indicated the dependence of soybean on mycorrhizal symbiosis. The different growth parameters increased significantly after 120 days of inoculation in comparison to control. Among all the growth parameters studied, plant height (162±3.34), fresh shoot weight (31.26±1.45), dry shoot weight (3.52±0.05), fresh root weight (4.07±0.56), dry root weight (1.03±0.03), root length (49.0±4.47) and leaf area (32.58±1.70) were highest in the combination of G. mosseae + A. laevis + T. viride + B. japonicum but arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) spore number (95.2±3.19) and percent mycorrhizal root colonization (93.26±3.96) were maximum in single inoculation of G. mosseae. Second most effective results were observed in the plants treated with G. mosseae alone. Thus the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and other bioinoculants in rhizosphere of soybean had positive effect on the different growth parameters

Role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in global sustainable development

Mycorrhizal symbiosis is a highly evolved mutually beneficial relationship that exists between Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and most of the vascular plants. The majority of the terrestrial plants form association with Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM) or Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). This symbiosis confers benefits directly to the host plant’s growth and development through the acquisition of Phosphorus (P) and other mineral nutrients from the soil by the AMF. In addition, their function ranges from stress alleviation to bioremediation in soils polluted with heavy metals. They may also enhance the protection of plants against pathogens and increases the plant diversity. This is achieved by the growth of AMF mycelium within the host root (intra radical) and out into the soil (extra radical) beyond. Proper management of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi has the potential to improve the profitability and sustainability of agricultural systems. In this review article, the discussion is restricted to the mycorrhizal benefits and their role in sustainable development

Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and alleviation of salinity stress

Several environmental factors adversely affect plant growth and development and final yield performance of a crop. Drought, salinity, nutrient imbalances (including mineral toxicities and deficiencies) and extremes of temperature are among the major environmental constraints to crop productivity worldwide. Development of crop plants with stress tolerance, however, requires, among others, knowledge of the physiological mechanisms and genetic controls of the contributing traits at different plant developmental stages. In the past two decades,biotechnology research has provided considerable insights into the mechanism of biotic stress tolerance in plants at the molecular level. Furthermore, different abiotic stress factors may provoke osmotic stress, oxidative stress and protein denaturation in plants, which lead to similar cellular adaptive responses such as accumulation of compatible solutes, induction of stress proteins, and acceleration of reactive oxygen species scavenging systems. Recently, various methods are adapted to improve plant tolerance to salinity injury through either chemical treatments (plant hormones, minerals, amino acids, quaternary ammonium compounds, polyamines and vitamins) or biofertilizers treatments (Asymbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria) or enhanced a process used naturally by plants (mycorrhiza) to minimise the movement of Na+ to the shoot. Proper management of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) has the potential to improve the profitability and sustainability of salt tolerance. In this review article, the discussion is restricted to the mycorrhizal symbiosis and alleviation of salinity stress

Impact of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Pseudomonas fluorescens with Various Levels of Superphosphate on Growth Enhancement and Flowering Response of Gerbera

Gerbera jamesonii is of commercial significance and fifth most used cut flower in the world today. A pot experiment was performed to see the effect of co-inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) i.e. (Glomus mosseae and Acaulospora laevis) with phosphate solubilizing bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens in the presence of different doses of superphosphate (low, medium, high) on growth establishment and flowering response of Gerbera. Among all treatments, plants inoculated with mix culture of G. mosseae + A. laevis + P. fluorescens showed best response in terms of greater root length, root biomass, percent root colonization, AM spore number, number of flowers, phosphorus content and phosphatase activity at lower concentration of superphosphate. Moreover, maximum increase in leaf area and shoot biomass was found in plants treated with dual combination of G. mosseae + P. fluorescens at lower concentration of superphosphate. This study provides a good scope for commercially utilizing the efficient strains of AM fungi with P. fluorescens in the establishment and growth improvement of Gerbera. Keyword

New approach for the measurement of glass transition temperature of polymer

Global thermally stimulated discharge current (TSDC) and partial thermally stimulated discharge current (PTSDC) spectra were recorded to investigate the molecular motions at glass transition temperature (Tg) level in both sided vacuum aluminized 30 μm thick poly (methyl methacrylate) samples. The calculated values of charge released, relaxation time and activation energy correspond to ⍺ and β relaxation processes. The TSDC peak occurred at a temperature, which is close to Tg of the polymer. This temperature is in agreement with the Tg determined using DSC technique

INFLUENCE OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI AND Pseudomonas fluorescens AT DIFFERENT SUPERPHOSPHATE LEVELS ON LINSEED ( Linum usitatissimum L.) GROWTH RESPONSE

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) Glomus mosseae (T.H. Nicolson & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe and Acaulospora laevis (Gerd. & Trappe) on linseed ( Linum usitatissimum L.) growth response with phosphate solubilizing bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens ; different doses of superphosphate were used: 20 kg ha-1 (half recommended dose), 40 kg ha-1 (recommended dose), and 80 kg ha-1 (double recommended dose) in earthen pots filled with sterilized soil under greenhouse conditions. Among all the growth parameters, the following were the highest in the G. mosseae + P. fluorescens combination at the medium concentration (recommended superphosphate dose): plant height (78.74 ± 1.8 cm), fresh shoot weight (3.45 ± 0.294 g), dry shoot weight (0.57 ± 0.007 g), fresh root weight (0.223 ± 0.023 g), dry root weight (0.036 ± 0.004 g), root length (17.67 ± 0.48 cm), AM spore number (94.4 ± 9.86), shoot (1.14 ± 0.115%) and root (1.29 ± 0.110%) P content, and acidic (0.447 ± 0.012 IU g-1 FW) and alkaline phosphatase activity (0.119 ± 0.008 IU g-1 FW). The percentage mycorrhizal root colonization with the A. laevis + P. fluorescens (86.86 ± 2.17%) combination and chlorophyll content with the G. mosseae + A. laevis + P. fluorescens (0.474 ± 0.009 mg g-1 FW) combination recorded the highest values at the low concentration (half recommended superphosphate dose) as compared with non-mycorrhizal plants (control). The high superphosphate dose clearly reduced or decreased all the growth parameters. Therefore, vigorous growth and maximum flax yield can be achieved by inoculating plants with AM fungi and P. fluorescens with the recommended dose or less than the recommended dose of superphosphate

Multifocal Gingival Squamous Cell Papilloma: A Case Report and Literature Review

Squamous Cell Papilloma (SCP) is a benign, asymptomatic, exophytic cauliflower-like growth of mucosal mass. It is mostly associated with Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) subtypes 6 and 11, and has a very low virulence and infectivity rate. The papillomas are commonly known as warts or verrucas when found on the skin. The typical lesion is a single mass with finger-like extensions, resembling a soft, pedunculated growth supported by a stem or stalk. If keratin, a skin protein, accumulates around the lesion, the projections can be long and pointed or short and rounded. Intraorally, the most common sites of occurrence are the tongue, lips, buccal mucosa, palate, and uvula. Hereby, the author present a case report of 25-year-old male patient with a 4x9 mm exophytic growth exhibiting a pebbled surface in the upper left first premolar region, with no signs of radiographic bone loss. Additionally, smaller pinpoint lesions were observed bilaterally in the interdental region of the first and second maxillary molars. A nevus on the right side of the face was also noted. Histological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of SCP. The presence of multifocal gingival squamous papilloma, along with an extraoral nevus, represents a novel finding that warrants reporting. The gingival lesion in the maxillary left first premolar region was surgically excised, along with 1 mm of healthy surrounding gingiva. This resulted in complete healing, and no recurrence was observed during the 12-month follow-up period

Impact of endomycorrhizal fungi and other bioinoculants on growth enhancement of Glycine max (L.) Merrill

In the present investigation, the contributions of two indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus mosseae and Acaulospora laevis), along with Trichoderma viride and Bradyrhizobium japonicum on growth parameters of Soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill were investigated. The results obtained indicated the dependence of soybean on mycorrhizal symbiosis. The different growth parameters increased significantly after 120 days of inoculation in comparison to control. Among all the growth parameters studied, plant height (162±3.34), fresh shoot weight (31.26±1.45), dry shoot weight (3.52±0.05), fresh root weight (4.07±0.56), dry root weight (1.03±0.03), root length (49.0±4.47) and leaf area (32.58±1.70) were highest in the combination of G. mosseae + A. laevis + T. viride + B. japonicum but arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) spore number (95.2±3.19) and percent mycorrhizal root colonization (93.26±3.96) were maximum in single inoculation of G. mosseae. Second most effective results were observed in the plants treated with G. mosseae alone. Thus the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and other bioinoculants in rhizosphere of soybean had positive effect on the different growth parameters

Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and alleviation of salinity stress

Several environmental factors adversely affect plant growth and development and final yield performance of a crop. Drought, salinity, nutrient imbalances (including mineral toxicities and deficiencies) and extremes of temperature are among the major environmental constraints to crop productivity worldwide. Development of crop plants with stress tolerance, however, requires, among others, knowledge of the physiological mechanisms and genetic controls of the contributing traits at different plant developmental stages. In the past two decades,biotechnology research has provided considerable insights into the mechanism of biotic stress tolerance in plants at the molecular level. Furthermore, different abiotic stress factors may provoke osmotic stress, oxidative stress and protein denaturation in plants, which lead to similar cellular adaptive responses such as accumulation of compatible solutes, induction of stress proteins, and acceleration of reactive oxygen species scavenging systems. Recently, various methods are adapted to improve plant tolerance to salinity injury through either chemical treatments (plant hormones, minerals, amino acids, quaternary ammonium compounds, polyamines and vitamins) or biofertilizers treatments (Asymbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria) or enhanced a process used naturally by plants (mycorrhiza) to minimise the movement of Na+ to the shoot. Proper management of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) has the potential to improve the profitability and sustainability of salt tolerance. In this review article, the discussion is restricted to the mycorrhizal symbiosis and alleviation of salinity stress