Cardiovascular Benefits of Forgiveness in Women: A Psychophysiological Study

2012 Denman Undergraduate Research Forum Winner: 3rd PlaceThe perseverative cognition hypothesis posits that psychological stress (e.g., sustained mental representations of past events) contributes to somatic disease through prolonged activation of cardiovascular and other biomechanisms. In the current study, we examined the effects of forgiveness compared to unforgiveness states, the latter conceptualized as a form of perseveration, on cardiovascular function. Ruminating about a hurtful event has been associated with higher heart rate, blood pressure, and muscle tension compared to forgiving. Specific aims of the current study are to examine the impact of forgiveness on vagal function—indexed by heart rate variability (HRV)—using an electrocardiogram. Healthy female participants’ (N = 60) HR data was continuously measured during a 5-minute baseline period, a 5-minute negative emotion induction, and 5 minutes of a randomized recovery manipulation. During the negative emotion induction, participants were instructed to think about a transgressor with whom they were feeling frustrated. Participants were then randomized into one of three recovery conditions: forgiveness (imagine forgiving the transgressor), extended frustration (continue thinking about the transgressor), and distraction (read neutral, thorough laundry instructions). After controlling for baseline and task HRV, participants in the forgiveness phase had higher HRV than those in both the extended frustration and distraction phases. Results suggest that: a) forgiveness may influence somatic health through mechanisms of cardiac autonomic control, b) lower HRV during unforgiveness is analogous to perseverative states such as worry and rumination, and c) among women, forgiveness of a transgressor may be a beneficial coping strategy. Overall, the findings support the perseverative cognition hypothesis, and suggest a link between forgiveness and cardiovascular health.College of Arts & Sciences Undergraduate Research ScholarshipNo embarg

Film Screening of Hip-Hop: Beyond Beats and Rhymes

Hip-hop birthed in the 1970s in New York City began as movement of cultural expression. Today, hip hop is considered “mainstream” and has been criticized for its excessive violence, hypemasculinity, and homophobia. “Hip Hop: Beyond Beats and Rhymes”, by film maker Byron Hurt, takes a critical look at hip hop and its impact on society’s perceptions of Black men. Hurt, a fan of hip hop, tackles tough questions about how hip hop is shaping our culture. The film screening will be moderated by a researcher and professor with expertise in Black male identity and resilience. After the screening, participants will be led in a dialogue on topics such as conforming to narrow definitions of manhood, stereotypical roles and images of Black men, and hip hop as a vehicle for consciousness raising. The dialogue will be facilitated by members of the moderator’s research team. Facilitators will also share their experiences using hip hop in a community and school-based intervention designed to promote critical consciousness and resilience in young Black men. This screening directly addresses the conference’s subtheme of masculinity, idea, and media. The screening would be beneficial for all participants, particularly high school and college students

Qualitative evaluation of trauma delays in road traffic injury patients in Maringá, Brazil

Abstract Background Road traffic injuries (RTIs) are the eighth leading cause of death worldwide, with an estimated 90% of RTIs occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) like Brazil. There has been minimal research in evaluation of delays in transport of RTI patients to trauma centers in LMICs. The objective of this study is to determine specific causes of delays in prehospital transport of road traffic injury patients to designated trauma centers in Maringá, Brazil. Methods A qualitative method was used based on the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) approach. Eleven health care providers employed at prehospital or hospital settings were interviewed with questions specific to delays in care for RTI patients. A thematic analysis was conducted. Results Responses to primary causes of delay in treatment to RTI patients fell into the following categories: 1) lack of public education, 2) traffic, 3) insufficient personnel/ambulances, 4) bureaucracy, and 5) poor location of stations. Suggestions for improvement in delays fell into the categories of 1) need for centralized station/avoid traffic, 2) improving public education, 3) Increase personnel, 4) increase ambulances, 5) proper extrication/rapid treatment. Conclusion Our study found varied responses between hospital and SAMU providers regarding specific causes of delay for RTI patients; SAMU providers cited primarily traffic, bureaucracy, and poor location as primary factors while hospital employees focused more on public health aspects. These results mirror prehospital system challenges in other developing countries, but also provide solutions for improvement with better infrastructure and public health campaigns

The epidemiology of road traffic injury hotspots in Kigali, Rwanda from police data

Abstract Background Road traffic injuries (RTIs) are the eighth-leading cause of death worldwide, with low- and middle-income countries sharing a disproportionate number of fatalities. African countries, like Rwanda, carry a higher burden of these fatalities and with increased economic growth, these numbers are expected to rise. We aim to describe the epidemiology of RTIs in Kigali Province, Rwanda and create a hotspot map of crashes from police data. Methods Road traffic crash (RTC) report data from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2013 was collected from Kigali Traffic Police. In addition to analysis of descriptive data, locations of RTCs were mapped and analyzed through exploratory spatial data analysis to determine hotspots. Results A total of 2589 of RTCs were reported with 4689 total victims. The majority of victims were male (94.7 %) with an average age of 35.9 years. Cars were the most frequent vehicle involved (43.8 %), followed by motorcycles (14.5 %). Motorcycles had an increased risk of involvement in grievous crashes and pedestrians and cyclists were more likely to have grievous injuries. The hotspots identified were primarily located along the major roads crossing Kigali and the two busiest downtown areas. Conclusions Despite significant headway by the government in RTC prevention, there continue to be high rates of RTIs in Rwanda, specifically with young males and a vulnerable road user population, such as pedestrians and motorcycle users. Improvements in police data and reporting by laypersons could prove valuable for further geographic information system analysis and efforts towards crash prevention and targeting education to motorcycle taxis could help reduce RTIs in a severely affected population

A qualitative assessment of stakeholder perspectives on barriers and facilitators to emergency care delays in Northern Tanzania through the Three Delays

Introduction: Emergency conditions cause a significant burden of death and disability, particularly in developing countries. Prehospital and Emergency Medical Services (EMS) are largely nonexistent throughout Tanzania and little is known about the community's barriers to accessing emergency care. The objective of this study was to better understand local community stakeholder perspectives on barriers, facilitators, and potential solutions surrounding emergency care in the Kilimanjaro region through the Three Delays Model framework. Methods: A qualitative assessment of local stakeholders was conducted through semi-structured focus group discussions (FGDs) from February to June 2021 with five separate groups: hospital administrators, emergency hospital workers, police personnel, fire brigade personnel, and community health workers. FGDs were conducted in Kiswahili, audio recorded, and translated to English verbatim. Two research analysts separately coded the first two FGDs using both inductive and deductive thematic analysis. A final codebook was then created to analyze the remaining FGDs. Results: A total of 24 participants were interviewed. Thematic analysis revealed that participants identified significant barriers within the Three Delays Model as well as identified an additional delay centered on community members and first aid provision. Perceived delays in the decision to seek care, the first delay, were financial constraints and the lack of community education on emergency conditions. Limited infrastructure and reduced transportation access were thought to contribute to the second delay. Potential barriers to receiving timely appropriate care, the third delay, included upfront payments required by hospitals and emergency department intake delays. Suggested solutions focused on increasing education and improving communication and infrastructure. Conclusion: The findings outline barriers to accessing emergency care from a stakeholder perspective. These themes can support recommendations for further strengthening of the prehospital and emergency care system. Due to logistical constraints, emergency care workers interviewed were all from one hospital and patients were not included

RW Police data 2013

Police data from Kigali Traffic Police reports of road traffic crashes occurring from January 1 to December 31, 2013. Data includes categorization of types of road traffic crashes, injuries, and geospatial coordinates

Heraldo de Castellón: Año XLVII Número 14357 - 01 Septiembre 1936

Copia digital. Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte. Subdirección General de Coordinación Bibliotecaria : Madrid, 201

AI-based approach for transcribing and classifying unstructured emergency call data: A methodological proposal.

Emergency care-sensitive conditions (ECSCs) require rapid identification and treatment and are responsible for over half of all deaths worldwide. Prehospital emergency care (PEC) can provide rapid treatment and access to definitive care for many ECSCs and can reduce mortality in several different settings. The objective of this study is to propose a method for using artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) to transcribe audio, extract, and classify unstructured emergency call data in the Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência (SAMU) system in southern Brazil. The study used all "1-9-2" calls received in 2019 by the SAMU Novo Norte Emergency Regulation Center (ERC) call center in Maringá, in the Brazilian state of Paraná. The calls were processed through a pipeline using machine learning algorithms, including Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) models for transcription of audio calls in Portuguese, and a Natural Language Understanding (NLU) classification model. The pipeline was trained and validated using a dataset of labeled calls, which were manually classified by medical students using LabelStudio. The results showed that the AI model was able to accurately transcribe the audio with a Word Error Rate of 42.12% using Wav2Vec 2.0 for ASR transcription of audio calls in Portuguese. Additionally, the NLU classification model had an accuracy of 73.9% in classifying the calls into different categories in a validation subset. The study found that using AI to categorize emergency calls in low- and middle-income countries is largely unexplored, and the applicability of conventional open-source ML models trained on English language datasets is unclear for non-English speaking countries. The study concludes that AI can be used to transcribe audio and extract and classify unstructured emergency call data in an emergency system in southern Brazil as an initial step towards developing a decision-making support tool