Predictors of Failure from Primary Therapy for Giardiasis in San Diego: A Single Institution Retrospective Review.

This study aimed to determine the presence of giardiasis among HIV patients in San Diego, the rate of failure of metronidazole treatment, and factors associated with treatment failure. We used a 7 year retrospective single-center case series of HIV-infected individuals with giardiasis at University of California San Diego Medical Center. Data were analyzed for the changes in the hematological, biochemical, and immunologic results at pre- and at-diagnosis levels. We also compared the changes at the diagnosis level among patients who were treated successfully and those who experienced treatment failure as defined by retreatment with a second course of antibiotics. In 29 Giardia lamblia-infected HIV patients, following diagnosis of G. lamblia, there was a non-significant decrement in cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4), but a statistically significant increase in the number of white blood cell (WBC). Other indices did not differ between pre- and at-diagnosis levels. Twenty patients (69%) were treated with a single course of metronidazole or tinidazole and seven patients (24.1%) were treated with more than one course of metronidazole. These seven patients had statistically significant higher hemoglobin at the time of diagnosis, but further studies are required to confirm if this is a consistent finding and if this can predict failure from primary therapy

Ka-Band signal propagation experiment at NESAC Umiam

A Ka-Band signal propagation study under tropical monsoon climate was taken up jointly by ISRO/ONERA/CNES. The program was aimed at finding the degree to which Ka-Band signals get affected by Rain. Dual cross-polarized Ka Band beacon signals onboard GSAT-14 satellite, of frequencies 20.2 GHz and 30.5 GHz are used for the experiment. Data available by various instruments were compared with ITU-R predicted values. Results for the years 2016 and 2017 at Umiam shows underestimation of both Rainfall and Signal Attenuation by ITU-R predicted models. It has also been found that the Rainfall is mostly concentrated in three months (June, July, August) and the maximum attenuation that Ka-Band signals suffer during rain at Umiam  is around 30-40 dB. The actual Rainfall and Attenuation of both 20.2 GHz and 30.5 GHz signals have been compared with ITU-R predictions and has been found to be much above the predicted levels. A Study of the Z-R relationship for the rainfall and comparison with known relations indicate that a new distribution is required for the region

Atmospheric Remote Sensing with a multi-frequency microwave radiometer in the 20-30 GHz band

With the help of Ground Based seven channel K-Band humidity profiling radiometer, humidity at different height levels from 0 to 10 Km from ground has been obtained for two years from 2016 to 2017. Radiometer based zenith attenuation has been retrieved for the 20-30 GHz band which have been compared with ITU-R proposed attenuation estimation due to absorption by gases. ITU-R estimation has been found to underestimate zenith attenuation for tropical high rainfall region like Umiam. The Mean Atmospheric Temperature has been estimated from ground observations and Zenith Radiometer Attenuation through linear regression equations. Additionally, water vapour scale height has been estimated from zenith attenuation and surface meteorological parameters. Total water vapour has been also obtained from this and compared with Total water vapour estimated from IWV retrievals by radiometer. A regression relation has been found between IWV and 22.24 GHz brightness temperature obtained from Radiomete

Analysis of anomalous ionospheric total electron content variation for earthquakes in South East Asian region with IGS network

28-32A study to find ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) anomaly around various earthquake days that occurred during January, 2016 to March, 2017 in the South East Asian region has been undertaken. Large magnitude shallow earthquakes have only been considered. In the study, VTEC data from IGS network has been analyzed with the help of IONOLABTEC software tool. The analysis has been done based on IGS stations that fall within Dobrovolsky Radius of each earthquake. The analysis has included geo magnetically quiet days only to take out all non-seismic effects in the ionosphere. The analysis has shown TEC irregularity few days around almost all earthquake events

Analysis of anomalous ionospheric total electron content variation for earthquakes in South East Asian region with IGS network

A study has been undertaken to find ionospheric Total Electron Content anomaly around various earthquake days that occurred in a period from January, 2016 to March, 2017 in the South East Asian region. Large Magnitude shallow earthquakes were considered only. For the study VTEC data from IGS network was analyzed with the help of IONOLABTEC software tool. The analysis was done based on IGS stations that fall within Dobrovolsky Radius of each earthquake. The analysis included geo magnetically quiet days only to take out all non-earthquake effects in the ionosphere. The analysis shows TEC irregularity few days around almost all earthquake events

Ka-Band signal propagation experiment at NESAC Umiam

42-47A Ka-Band signal propagation study under tropical monsoon climate has been taken up jointly by ISRO/ONERA/CNES. The program has been aimed at finding the degree to which Ka-Band satellite signals get affected by rain. Dual polarized Ka Band beacon signals onboard GSAT-14 satellite, of frequencies 20.2 GHz and 30.5 GHz, have been used for the experiment. Data available by various instruments has been compared with ITU-R predicted values. Results for the years 2016 and 2017 at Umiam has shown underestimation of both Rainfall and Signal Attenuation by ITU-R predicted models. It has also been found that the Rainfall has been mostly concentrated in three months (June, July, August) and the maximum attenuation that Ka-Band signals have suffered during rain at Umiam has been around 30-40 dB. The actual Rainfall and Attenuation of both 20.2 GHz and 30.5 GHz signals have been compared with ITU-R predictions and has been found to be much above the predicted levels. A Study of the Z-R relationship for the rainfall and comparison with known relations has indicated that a new distribution is required for the region

Atmospheric Remote Sensing with a multi-frequency microwave radiometer in the 20-30 GHz band

122-127With the help of Ground Based seven channel K-Band humidity profiling radiometer, humidity at different height levels from 0 to 10 Km from ground has been obtained for two years from 2016 to 2017. Radiometer based zenith attenuation has been retrieved for the 20-30 GHz band which have been compared with ITU-R proposed attenuation estimation due to absorption by gases. ITU-R estimation has been found to underestimate zenith attenuation for tropical high rainfall region like Umiam. The Mean Atmospheric Temperature has been estimated from ground observations and Zenith Radiometer Attenuation through linear regression equations. Additionally, water vapour scale height has been estimated from zenith attenuation and surface meteorological parameters. Total water vapour has been also obtained from this and compared with Total water vapour estimated from IWV retrievals by radiometer. A regression relation has been found between IWV and 22.24 GHz brightness temperature obtained from Radiometer

A study of Ka-Band Signal Attenuation at Umiam, Meghalaya with ISRO’s GSAT-14 Satellite

A study at NE-SAC, Umiam of Rain Attenuation to Ka-Band signals has been made with ISRO’s GSAT-14 Satellite carrying two Ka-Band beacons at 20.2 Ghz and 30.5 Ghz and with the help of instruments like High Gain receiving antennas; Humidity Profiler Radiometer, Tipping Bucket Rain Gauge , GPS antenna etc.. The study has been a joint collaboration of ISRO and CNES/ONERA, the French Aerospace Lab. The study comprises simultaneous signal attenuation and rainfall recording of a time period ranging from Pre-Monsoon to Post –Monsoon season at Umiam, from March to October for the year 2016

Intuitionistic fuzzy soft game theory

In this article, we define two person intuitionistic fuzzy soft games, which can be applied to problems containing vagueness and uncertainty. We then give one solution method of the game which is intuitionistic fuzzy soft saddle point. Finally we give an application which shows that the method can be successfully applied to a real life problem and extend the two person intuitionistic fuzzy soft game (tp ifs-games) to n-person ifs-games. We also introduce intuitionistic fuzzy soft upper and intuitionistic lower values of a two person intuitionistic fuzzy soft game