Comparing the Performances of Neural Network and Rough Set Theory to Reflect the Improvement of Prognostic in Medical Data

In this research, I investigate and compared two of Artificial Intelligence (AI)techniques which are; Neural network and Rough set will be the best technique to be use in analyzing data. Recently, AI is one of the techniques which still in development process that produced few of intelligent systems that helped human to support their daily life such as decision making. In Malaysia, it is newly introduced by a group of researchers from University Science Malaysia. They agreed with others world-wide researchers that AI is very helpful to replaced human intelligence and do many works that can be done by human especially in medical area.In this research, I have chosen three sets of medical data; Wisoncin Prognostic Breast cancer, Parkinson’s diseases and Hepatitis Prognostic. The reason why the medical data is selected for this research because of the popularity among the researchers that done their research in AI by using medical data and the prediction or target attributes is clearly understandable. The results and findings also discussed in this paper. How the experiment has been done; the steps involved also discussed in this paper. I also conclude this paper with conclusion and future work

Synthesis and characterizations of hydrophilic pHEMA nanoparticles via inverse miniemulsion polymerization

This study highlights on the development of hydrophilic polymer nanoparticles prepared via inverse miniemulsion polymerization, a robust technique to prepare hydrophilic and aqueous-soluble polymeric nanoparticles. 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) is excellent candidate for homo-polymerization due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability characteristic with high hydrophilicity properties. The influence of synthesis parameters including the effects of sonication time ranging from 10 - 30 min and sonication amplitude up to 60% towards the particles size and morphology of pHEMA nanoparticles are investigated. The formation of pHEMA nanoparticles are confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The morphology of polymer nanoparticles has been determined using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Dynamic light scattering (DLS) indicates the mean diameters of pHEMA nanoparticles were in a range of 100 – 200 nm. The hydrophilic polymer nanoparticles obtained are expected to facilitate in the fabrication of inorganic-polymer composite nanoparticles especially in biological applications

Disease and economic burden of prostate cancer in Malaysia: a review

Introduction In Malaysia prostate cancer is ranked as fifth type of cancer among male. Unlike other cancers, prostate cancer is slow growth type of cancer; hence most patients may be asymptomatic despite having the disease. The burden associated with prostate cancer disease started from the diagnosis, the progress of disease and the varying impact of the available treatment options till the quality of life. The review focused on the disease and economic burden of prostate cancer disease towards country and patient personally. Methods A search was conducted to review related published studies on economic burden of the prostate cancer through PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Schorlar and Science Direct searching engines databases using keywords: Prostate cancer, economic burden and disease burden, treatment burden and treatment cost. For exploration on the burden itself, the keywords used were economic cost, mortality, morbidity, quality of life, treatment burden, palliative care. A review on the morbidity and mortality comparing global, Asian and Malaysia situation reviewed from previous review paper and online data. Conclusions Economic burden of prostate cancer include quality of life, treatment cost and palliative cost and palliative support care system. Development and improvise of the treatment facilities and equipment, strong knowledge and clinical training of staff in the treatment of cancer should be well planned in order to reduce the increasing burden of prostate cancer in Malaysia

Prevalence of malaria and its risk factors in Sabah, Malaysia

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of malaria in Sabah and its potential risk factors. Methods This cross-sectional study analysed secondary data obtained from the health clinics in Sabah, Malaysia from January to August 2016. The Pearson Chi-square test was used to analyse the relationships between malaria infection and socio-demographic characteristics. Multivariable logistic regression was performed in order to determine the risk factors for malaria in Sabah. Results Out of 1222 patients, 410 (33.6%) had a laboratory-confirmed malaria infection. Infection by Plasmodium knowlesi accounted for the majority of malaria reports in Sabah (n=340, 82.9%). Multivariable analysis indicated that males (prevalence odds ratio 0.023, 95% confidence interval 0.012-0.047) and those living in a rural area (prevalence odds ratio 0.004, 95% confidence interval 0.002-0.009) were at higher risk 24.0–95.9) and those living in a rural area (adjusted odds ratio 212.6, 95% confidence interval 105.8–427.2) were at higher risk of acquiring a malaria infection. Conclusions Malaria infections in Sabah, Malaysia are common, with P. knowlesi being the most common malaria parasite. The infection was associated with several socio-demographic and geographical factors. Thus, mitigation measures should be considered to address modifiable risk factors for malaria infection

Disaster management: identifying knowledge of community health nurses and its predictor factor

Background In recent year, disaster occurrences are increasing in numbers. Community health nurses (CHNs) as front lines are required to be prepared and act effectively during the events. With mounting numbers of health-related disasters, CHNs play very crucial roles to ensure the community receives appropriate services in which the outcomes will lead to the improvement of nursing care. In this study, the knowledge of community health nurses and predictor factor to the findings were investigated. Methodology The cross sectional study was conducted among 312 CHNs in one of the state in Malaysia with response rate of 84.5% (n=264). The respondents were randomized selected through the process of multistage sampling method; stratified according to the district and later through simple random sampling among those who works in the district. Results The results revealed about 59.1% (n=156) of CHNs are identified as having inadequate knowledge in relation to disaster management. Following the result, multiple logistic analysis test was carried out to determine the factor that can predict the outcomes besides eliminating the confounding in the study (p<0.000, AOR: 3.511, 95% CI: 2.097 – 5.881). It was identified the likelihood of CHNs attending disaster education is about 3.5 times to have adequate knowledge which may lead to the good outcomes. Conclusion The CHNs play very crucial role in managing health disaster such s pandemic, therefore, the health care organization shall encompass the disaster-related education/training into their continuous education. With the slogan of world without boundaries, the migration of the contagious disease also becomes across the global. In the nutshell, it is very essential to educate and provide adequate training to the CHNs for improvement of health care system predominantly public health Keywords Disaster management; community health nurse; knowledge on disaster; predictor facto

Assessment of patient satisfaction with the preoperative anaesthetic evaluation

Preoperative anaesthetic evaluation is important in the perioperative care. The aim of the study was to evaluate the level of satisfaction and factors affecting patient satisfaction in the preanaesthetic clinic (PAC). A total of 304 patients who attended PAC for preoperative evaluation were recruited into this study. A bilanguage validated Patient Satisfaction Survey in English and Bahasa Malaysia with total questions of 18 examining non-provider factors (NPF) (facilities and appropriateness of waiting time) and provider factors (PF) (doctor, counter services, nurses and supporting staff) were utilized. The survey form was graded in a strongly agree/ disagree five-point Likert scale format for patients’ level of satisfaction. Overall satisfaction of preoperative evaluation was reported as 98.7% with mean scores from doctor (4.49 + 0.60), counter service (4.48 + 0.61), support staff (4.47 + 0.62) and the NPF (4.40 + 0.62), respectively. All factors were found to be significantly correlated with the overall patients’ satisfaction (p<0.001) and waiting time shown to be the independent predictor affecting the level of satisfaction. Overall majority of the patients were satisfied with the preoperative evaluation provided at PAC and both non-provider and provider factors were shown to have a significant impact on patient satisfaction

PERFORMANCE BASED PAY AS A DETERMINANT OF JOB SATISFACTION: A STUDY IN MALAYSIA GIATMARA CENTERS

Compensation management literature highlights that performance based pay has two major characteristics: participation in pay systems and adequacy of pay. The ability of management to properly implement such pay systems may lead to increased job satisfaction in organizations. Though, the nature of this relationship is interesting, little is known about the influence of performance based pay on job satisfaction in compensation management literature. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the relationship between pay for performance and job satisfaction in Malaysian GIATMARA centers. The results of exploratory factor analysis confirmed that measurement scales used in this study satisfactorily met the standards of validity and reliability analyses. An outcome of stepwise regression analysis shows that determinant of job satisfaction is performance based pay. Further, this result confirms that pay for performance is an important antecedent for job satisfaction in the studied organizations.Pay for Performance, Job Satisfaction, Malaysian GIATMARA centers.

Conceptualising Orientation and Mobility Practices within the Expanded Core Curriculum

This paper intends to examine the orientation and mobility practices within the Expanded Core Curriculum The study conceptualises and methodologically sheds light on the practices of orientation and mobility O M within the expanded core curriculum ECC for visually impaired learners O M practices have become significant as these are essential in independence and one of the main components of the expanded core curriculum of visually impaired learners The O M practices are done in the school boundaries by O M experts to facilitate and accommodate visually impaired learners for better independence However owing to these practices but not as part of the expanded core curriculum results are less responsive to visually impaired learner s needs Aziz 2007 Existing research has focused on O M practices which are the integral part of the expanded core curriculum for the independence of visually impaired as most were not conducted to address the O M within the expanded core curriculum for visually impaired learner s Therefore this study attempts to conceptualise the orientation and mobility practices within the expanded core curriculu

Flea market tourism: a review of motivation and characteristics of specialised tourist segmentation

This is a conceptual paper address the opportunity of flea market as a trend which begins to receive recognition as one of tourism product; or in other word so called flea market tourism. Nowadays, flea market capturing attention as one of the weekend activities for visitor and tourist either inbound or outbound region. One of the most establish flea market in Malaysia and listed in booklet titled Malaysia Flea Market Galore is an indoor flea market in Amcorp Mall, Petaling Jaya. It has been selling antique, collectibles and used goods from various era. However, while the rise of flea market tourism has been understood in developed country, the research in the developed country such as Malaysia is still limited. Therefore, this paper attended to examine the factors relevant to the motivation of this specialised tourism market. Understanding of the characteristics of flea market in Malaysia context is very vital to flourish the maximum experience in order to allow the activities to occurred. As a result, variable for flea market in creating demand and the need to capture the market can be fully understood. The variable of factor discussed in this paper involve uniqueness of the market, variety of products, leisure activities, treasure-hunting, affordable items and local cultures. Thus, the distinctive features of the flea market tourism will be able to be promoted as a complete tourism product

Disaster management: identifying knowledge of emergency nurses and community health nurses and its predictors in Malaysia

As a front-liner in healthcare services, nurses play an important role in managing disaster victims. Thus, it is crucial for nurses to be prepared when facing disaster. The aim of this paper is to determine the knowledge of emergency nurses (EN) and community health nurses (CHN) with respect to disaster management, as well as identify predictor factors. This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted between October and November 2011. The 17-items of the self-developed questionnaire in assessing knowledge towards disaster management were distributed to randomly selected nurses from 10 emergency and trauma departments (132 respondents) and 8 health clinics (264 respondents) in one of the state in Malaysia. The results showed that both groups had a comparable median score on knowledge, 58.82 with interquartile range (IQR) = 52.94-70.58 for EN and IQR = 48.53-69.12 for CHN. No significant difference in knowledge was identified within these groups, with approximately 59.1% having inadequate knowledge of disaster management. Attending disaster-related education/training was identified as a predictor factor for adequacy of knowledge among EN with significant value of p < 0.01, (AOR) of 3.807, 95% (CI) of 1.584-9.153) and CHN (p < 0.001, AOR = 3.511, 95% CI = 2.097-5.881). As conclusion, emergency and community health nurses have inadequate knowledge with regard to disaster management, and it has been demonstrated statistically that adequacy of knowledge is driven by attending disaster-related education/training, which predicts knowledge level. Therefore, it is paramount for organizations to conduct disaster-related education/training to improve nurses' knowledge