Satellite Remote Sensing Signatures of the Major Baltic Inflows

Variability of sea level in the North and Baltic Seas, enforced by weather patterns, a ects the intensity of water exchange between these seas. Transfer of salty water from the North Sea is very important for the hydrography of the Baltic Sea. The volume of inflowing salty water can occasionally increase remarkably. Such incidents, called the Major Baltic Inflows (MBIs), are unpredictable, of relatively short duration, and di cult to observe using in situ data. We have shown that remote sensing altimetry can be used as a complementary source of information about the MBI events. The advantage of using such data is that large-scale spatial information about SLA is available with daily resolution. We have described changes in SLA during several MBI events observed in 1993–2017. The net volume of water transported into the Baltic Sea varied between the events due to di erences in atmospheric forcing. Based on SLA data, the largest inflow of water happened during the 2014 MBI. This is in agreement with previously published results, based on in situ data

Recent Large Scale Environmental Changes in the Mediterranean Sea and Their Potential Impacts on Posidonia Oceanica

Climate related changes can have significant effects on Posidonia oceanica, an endemic seagrass species of the Mediterranean Sea (MEDIT). This seagrass is very important for many aspects of functioning of the sea but there is an increasing number of reports about the ongoing loss of its biomass and area coverage. We analysed multiyear data of the sea surface temperature (SST), sea level anomalies, ocean colour MODIS-A and ERA-Interim reanalysis. The results provide a description of current environmental conditions in the MEDIT and their spatial and temporal variability, including long-term trends. We defined regions where the extent of the P. oceanica meadows may be limited by specific environmental conditions. Light limitation is more severe near the northern and western coasts of the MEDIT, where the vertical diffuse attenuation coefficient is large. In the zone extending from the Gulf of Lion towards the south, significant wave heights reach large values. Wave action may destroy the plants and as a result the shallow water depth limit of P. oceanica meadows is most likely deeper here than in other regions. The highest SST values are documented in the south-eastern part of the Mediterranean Sea. In this area P. oceanica meadows are more endangered by the climate warming than in other regions where SSTs are lower. The absence of P. oceanica meadows in the south-eastern edge of the Mediterranean Sea can be attributed to high temperatures. Our conclusions are partly confirmed by the information about P. oceanica from the literature but more monitoring efforts are needed to fully describe current extent of the meadows and their shifts. Results presented in this paper can help with designing special programs to confirm the role of environmental conditions on the spatial distribution of P. oceanica and their future trends in the Mediterranean Sea

Revisiting Lynam's notion of the "fledgling psychopath": are HIA-CP children truly psychopathic-like?

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In his developmental model of emerging psychopathy, Lynam proposed that the "fledgling psychopath" is most likely to be located within a subgroup of children elevated in both hyperactivity/inattention/impulsivity (HIA) and conduct problems (CP). This approach has garnered some empirical support. However, the extent to which Lynam's model captures children who resemble psychopathy with regard to the core affective and interpersonal features remains unclear.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In the present study, we investigated this issue within a large community sample of youth (<it>N </it>= 617). Four groups (non-HIA-CP, HIA-only, CP-only, and HIA-CP), defined on the basis of teacher reports of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), were compared with respect to parent-reported psychopathic-like traits and subjective emotional reactivity in response to unpleasant, emotionally-laden pictures from the International Affective Pictures System (IAPS).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Results did not support Lynam's model. HIA-CP children did not appear most psychopathic-like on dimensions of callous-unemotional and narcissistic personality, nor did they report reduced emotional reactivity to the IAPS relative to the other children. Post-hoc regression analyses revealed a significant moderation such that elevated HIA weakened the association between CP and emotional underarousal.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Implications of these findings with regard to the development of psychopathy are discussed.</p

Cultural Remix: Polish Hip-Hop and the Sampling of Heritage

Asked about the nineteenth-century Romantic poet Adam Mickiewicz, the Polish rapper Doniu suggested, “If Mickiewicz was alive today, he’d be a good rhymer.” This dissertation examines the history, literary reception, and musical discourse that have positioned the legacy of Romanticism as a model for contemporary hip-hop musicians. It argues that Polish hip-hop’s appeals to the nation’s Romantic heritage serve as a means of negotiating and performing belonging both within the global genre and contemporary Polish culture. The conventions of hip-hop—rooted in sampling, intertextuality, decontextualizing the familiar, and privileging poetic prowess—create a music that is both a performance of reception and a lens through which to engage the nation’s cultural traditions. The national understanding of Polish Romanticism has always been the product of reading and negotiating meaning, and the performances analyzed in this study contribute to a rich tradition of interpretation. Though they speak to the past, these hip-hop artists are not confined by it. Rather, they “sample” history and tradition in a way that echoes the work done by Mickiewicz and his peers. Blending history and art, they cultivate a Polishness that preserves Romantic patriotic ideals of sacrifice and poetic service, while framing them within a global conversation of hip-hop artists speaking to and for marginalized communities. This dissertation begins by considering how conventions of national and genre authenticity become mutually reinforcing as Polish hip-hop communities cultivate an artistic lineage that reaches back to the poets of the nineteenth century. Employing the career of Peja/Slums Attack as a case study, Chapter One argues that the group’s evolution from privileging appeals to American rappers to fashioning themselves as a contemporary incarnation of Poland’s Romantic poet-patriots exemplifies a localization of the genre that adapts rap conventions of speaking for oppressed communities to position Poland itself as the marginalized subject. The second chapter shifts focus to sampling as a formal and historical appeal to the past, exemplified in the rapper L.U.C.’s 2009 album 39/89 Zrozumieć Polskę (39/89 To Understand Poland). Composed of sampled archival audio against a live orchestra, the album illuminates the ways sampling represents the blending of document and narrative in the creation of memory—a dynamic the chapter argues infuses not just culture, but also political discussions of history. Chapter Three turns to rappers who perform texts written by Adam Mickiewicz, a choice analyzed as challenging Romantic and hip-hop ideas of authorship and originality, while also demonstrating how reading (via performance) might be understood as a marker of creative credibility. The final chapter examines Dorota Masłowska’s musical and literary play with the idea of authenticity and its tropes. Performing ironic appropriations of both hip-hop and Polish national conventions, Masłowska draws on the traditions preserved in the works of the other artists considered and in so doing, challenges them while also evincing their lasting power. In their diverse engagement with tradition, the artists considered highlight not only the persistence of Polish Romantic thought, but also the power of artists to “remix” the Romantic legacy to speak to the present.PHDSlavic Languages & LiteraturesUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151384/1/alaniski_1.pd

AUTONOMIC COMPONENTS OF VICARIOUS CONDITIONING AND PSYCHOPATHY

Abstract not availabl

EVALUATING DARE: DRUG EDUCATION AND THE MULTIPLE MEANINGS OF SUCCESS *

Background and previous impact evaluations of "DARE" (Drug Abuse Resistance Education) are described along with an assessment of its im- plementation among fifth graders in Kokomo, Indiana. Building upon alter- native efforts, a multifaceted impact&sol;process evaluation framework is developed; it is used to consider the multiple meanings of DARE'S "success" within the dimensions of program efficacy, the impact of micro and macro contexts upon its participants and outcomes, and as a form of symbolic politics. The results tend to support the conclusion that DARE produces anti-drug outcomes; also, the evidence suggests that drug knowledge and locus of control factors are involved in achieving these effects. Micro and macro contextual elements were found to produce important impacts upon the program's dynamics and effectiveness; finally, the data indicate that DARE includes an important symbolic politics dimension and is supported by important symbolic politics dimension and is supported by multiple stakeholders who define its success in terms of its popularity, which has significant utility for their interests. Copyright 1990 by The Policy Studies Organization.