Standardization of ayurvedic formulation caturjata churna using modern techniques

558-562Indian traditional medicine is based on various systems including Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani. The evaluation of these drugs is mostly based on phytochemical, pharmacological and allied approaches including various instrumental techniques like chromatography, microscopy and others. The present paper aims to standardize the ayurvedic formulation of caturajata churna containing four ingredients, Darusita, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Ela, Elettaria cardamomum, Patra, Cinnamomum tamala, Nagakesara, Mesua ferrea using modern technique such as ash values, extractive values moisture content by carrying out all four ingredients of the formulation. Preliminary phytochemical screening of caturjata churna was carried out using methanol as solvent. The study was carried out in marketed formulation against in house formulation of caturjata churna. It was observed that almost all the parameters are comparable with the marketed formulation. Some are not due to the geographical variation of the raw materials

EXPERIMENTAL WOUND HEALING ASPECTS OF JASMINUM GRANDIFLORUM LINN: A PRECLINICAL STUDY

Background: Jasminum grandiflorum is an important shrub of family Oleaceae and ancient literature mentions its various medicinal uses especially its efficacy in wound healing. To substantiate its traditional claim the present study was conceived. Materials and Methods: Preliminary wound healing activity of successive extracts of leaves was assessed by measuring wound contraction using excision wound model and the detailed study of most potent extract was evaluated by measuring wound contraction, epithelialization period, hydroxyproline content, tissue breaking strength and histopathology parameters by excision and incision wound models. The antioxidant activity was determined by using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The agar well-diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was used to established antimicrobial efficacy. Results: The results show that successive ethanolic extract of the leaves exhibited promising wound healing, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Conclusion: From results; it is concluded that its traditional use for the treatment of wound and in microbial infection is justified

BLOOM: A 176B-Parameter Open-Access Multilingual Language Model

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be able to perform new tasks based on a few demonstrations or natural language instructions. While these capabilities have led to widespread adoption, most LLMs are developed by resource-rich organizations and are frequently kept from the public. As a step towards democratizing this powerful technology, we present BLOOM, a 176B-parameter open-access language model designed and built thanks to a collaboration of hundreds of researchers. BLOOM is a decoder-only Transformer language model that was trained on the ROOTS corpus, a dataset comprising hundreds of sources in 46 natural and 13 programming languages (59 in total). We find that BLOOM achieves competitive performance on a wide variety of benchmarks, with stronger results after undergoing multitask prompted finetuning. To facilitate future research and applications using LLMs, we publicly release our models and code under the Responsible AI License

Study on elemental analysis, pesticides, antioxidant, marker compound and validation of conversion of Ajmodadi Churna, an Ayurvedic formulation into suitable dosage form

With the change in the present scenario of globalization, the importance of standardization of traditional formulation has been more stressed out than before. The major objective of this study was the development of an analytical method for the estimation of some important constituent, pesticides, elemental study of the formulation anti-oxidant activity and to study the effect of conversion of churna to granules of in-house and marketed samples. So, a suitable plan was designed to get comprehensive standardization of this formulation Ajmodadi churna. The paper demonstrates the feasibility of the conversion of Ajmodadi churna in granules form and estimation of piperine: cucalyptol, caryophyllene, and eugenol were done using HPTLC, these constituents have an important role in the activity. Eugenol and Eucalyptol were found more in sample A. Our results demonstrate that Piperine was found more in sample B. A study on pesticide residue was done by the TLC method. None of the samples showed the presence of pesticide in the solvent system. Elements are toxic for the body so its determination is also important for the formulation. The micromeritic properties of prepared granules were also studied. The granules showed better flow property than the powders. Antioxidant activity in different samples was observed. Sample A (in-house formulation) showed better antioxidant activity than sample B (marketed formulation). Superior results are seen from the conducted experiments. Importantly, our results provide evidence for a new approach that could also be useful for the standardization of ayurvedic formulation using modern techniques.

Standardization of ayurvedic formulation caturjata churna using modern techniques

Received 27 February 2019; revised 07 July 2020 Indian traditional medicine is based on various systems including Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani. The evaluation of these drugs is mostly based on phytochemical, pharmacological and allied approaches including various instrumental techniques like chromatography, microscopy and others. The present paper aims to standardize the ayurvedic formulation of caturajata churna containing four ingredients, Darusita, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Ela, Elettaria cardamomum, Patra, Cinnamomum tamala, Nagakesara, Mesua ferrea using modern technique such as ash values, extractive values moisture content by carrying out all four ingredients of the formulation. Preliminary phytochemical screening of caturjata churna was carried out using methanol as solvent. The study was carried out in marketed formulation against in house formulation of caturjata churna. It was observed that almost all the parameters are comparable with the marketed formulation. Some are not due to the geographical variation of the raw materials

Study on elemental analysis, pesticides, antioxidant, marker compound and validation of conversion of Ajmodadi Churna, an Ayurvedic formulation into suitable dosage form

537-542With the change in the present scenario of globalization, the importance of standardization of traditional formulation has been more stressed out than before. The major objective of this study was the development of an analytical method for the estimation of some important constituent, pesticides, elemental study of the formulation anti-oxidant activity and to study the effect of conversion of churna to granules of in-house and marketed samples. So, a suitable plan was designed to get comprehensive standardization of this formulation Ajmodadi churna. The paper demonstrates the feasibility of the conversion of Ajmodadi churna in granules form and estimation of piperine: cucalyptol, caryophyllene, and eugenol were done using HPTLC, these constituents have an important role in the activity. Eugenol and Eucalyptol were found more in sample A. Our results demonstrate that Piperine was found more in sample B. A study on pesticide residue was done by the TLC method. None of the samples showed the presence of pesticide in the solvent system. Elements are toxic for the body so its determination is also important for the formulation. The micromeritic properties of prepared granules were also studied. The granules showed better flow property than the powders. Antioxidant activity in different samples was observed. Sample A (in-house formulation) showed better antioxidant activity than sample B (marketed formulation). Superior results are seen from the conducted experiments. Importantly, our results provide evidence for a new approach that could also be useful for the standardization of ayurvedic formulation using modern techniques

A Systematic In Silico Investigation of Phytochemicals from Artocarpus Species against Plasmodium falciparum Inhibitors

Artemisinin-resistant plasmodium strains are becoming increasingly common in malaria patients, posing a serious threat to successful malaria management. Brosimone, a significant polyphenolic ingredient of Artocarpus lakoocha, has previously been shown to have antimalarial activity in vitro. However, research into the precise mechanism of interactions is still in progress. The present study explored molecular modeling research in order to elucidate the likely mechanism of its anti-malarial effect in terms of Falcipain-2 (FP-2) inhibition. Brosimone shows a maximum binding affinity (docking score: −8.1 Kcal/mol) against FP-2 from Plasmodium falciparum, according to our molecular docking analysis of 50 lakoocha bioactive chemicals. For numerous Artocarpus lakoocha polyphenols (ALP), we used in-silico pharmacokinetics and toxicities, leading to critical insights into the mechanism of action of brosimone and other ALPs as potential therapeutic agents (2GHU) against malaria

Naturally Occurring Green Tea Polyphenols as Anti-Mycobacterial Agents

Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health burden especially in tropical countries. Extensive increments in MDR (Multidrug resistance (MDR): Resistance to at least both isoniazid and rifampicin.) and XDR (Extensive drug resistance (XDR): Resistance to any fluoroquinolone, and at least one of three second-line injectable drugs (capreomycin, kanamycin, and amikacin), in addition to multidrug resistance) tuberculosis highlights the ineffectiveness of established anti-TB agents. There is an urgent necessity to identify potent anti-TB agents with unique mechanisms. Green tea and Black tea polyphenols have great potential to inhibit viruses including SARS-COV-2, bacterial strains, etc. In this context, we have screened and identified 65 Green tea bioactive compounds against four mycobacterial pantothenate synthetase and enoyl acyl carrier enzymes. Our molecular docking results revealed that Theaflavin-3-gallate had a higher binding affinity against 2X22 and 3IVX targets with docking scores of −134.13 and −135.592 Kcal/mol, respectively. Furthermore, our molecular dynamics simulations for 10 ns resulted better stabilities of these complexes. We also evaluated in silico drug-likeness and toxicity profiles for the studied polyphenols. Our in silico toxicity analysis suggested that these polyphenols would exhibit lesser toxicity such as eye corrosion, skin irritations, etc. Thus, our present study would provide better insights on studying naturally occurring polyphenols as potential anti-TB agents

Pharmacognostical Profiling of Jasminum grandiflorum Linn. leaves

To evaluate the pharmacognostic characters including macroscopic, microscopic and physico-chemical characters of the leaves of therapeutically important plant Jasminum grandiflorum Linn. Fresh and dried leaf samples were studied macroscopically and microscopically. Preliminary phytochemical screening and physciochemical studies were performed by following WHO recommended guidelines for the standardization of the leaves.The detailed microscopy revealed the presence of multicellular trichomes, xylem tissue, phloem tissue, collenchyma, spongy parenchyma and palisade cells. Physico-chemical parameters such as extractive values, ash values, foreign matter, loss on drying, volatile oil content, swelling index, foaming index, crude fibre content, fluorescent behaviour, microbial contamination, aflatoxin content, heavy metal profile, pH values of drug solution were also determined. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of carbohydrate, terpenoids, steroids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins & phenolics compounds.Various pharmacognostic characters observed in this study can help in the identification and standardization of leaves of Jasminum grandiflorum Linn