Genetic Variants of k-Casein and β-Lactoglobulin Genes and Their Association with Protein and Milk Components of Holstein Friesian Cows at Small Farmers in Lembang, West Java

Genetic variants of CSN3 and LGB genes and their effects on protein and milk components were studied in Holstein Friesian at small dairy farmers in Lembang District, West Java, Indonesia.  Allelic variants were identified by PCR-RFLP technique using restriction enzymes of Pst I for the CSN3 gene and Hae III for the LGB gene.  The CSN3 gene was dominated by AB genotype.   Milk protein was not affected by genotypes of the two genes.  Only fat content was significantly affected (P <0.05) by the CSN3 gene with AB cows having the highest fat to AA and BB cows (3.76% vs. 3.26% and 3.34%). Keywords: CSN3 gene; LGB gene; milk protein; and milk component

Non-Genetic and Genetic Effects on Growth Traits from Birth to 120 days of Age of G2 Sapera Goat

Information on non-genetic and genetic factors is required in the selection program. Indonesian Research Institute for Animal Production (IRIAP) has been conducting a selection of the growth traits of Sapera goat (50% Saanen, 50% PE).  This research was aimed to study non-genetic and genetic effects on growth traits from birth to the age of 120 days old of the 2nd generation (G2) of Sapera goat.  Data on body weight and measurement were collected from kids at birth (105 head.) to the age of 120 days old (51 head).  The 30 days interval growth data were calculated by linear interpolation. Non-genetic effects were analyzed by General Linear Model for unbalanced data by considering sex, type of birth, the month of kidding, and year of kidding as fixed variables.  The genetic component was analyzed by a mixed linear model by considering sire as a random variable.  Heritability was estimated by the paternal half-sib method. Non-genetic factors mostly had no significant effect (P 0.05) on body weight and measurement.  The 90 days old and 120 days old males had higher weights than females (P0.05). Birth type and year of kidding had significant effects (P0.05) on body weight and some measurements at certain ages. No significant months of kidding effect on the growth traits (P0.05).  Heritability values of body weight (h2 = 0.11-0.19) and body sizes (h2 = 0.03-0.24) were relatively low. Except high heritability values for birth weight and for body weight at 30 days old (h2 = 0.59 and 0.29), and for hip girth at 30 days old and at 60 days old (h2 = 0.13-0.54).  The growth traits of G2 Sapera kids were affected by sex and year of kidding and slightly influenced by genetic (sires) factors

Hubungan Persepsi Ibu Tentang Mutu Pelayanan Dengan Minat Pemanfaatan Antenatal Care Di Puskesmas Padangsari

ANC service at Primary Health Center of Padangsari Semarang city is still far from expectations due to the persistence of disinterest pregnant women to the examination of the ANC that felt takes a long time, the officer is less thorough when doing the inspection, and giving an explanation of the action the inspection did not detail. ANC quality standards are seen from 5 quality dimension such as reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and tangible. Goal achievement of ANC is measured by how much interest to visit ANC in health center. The aim of this research is to measure the perception about ANC quality with interest to use ANC service in Health Center of Padangsari. The method of this research was using Explanatory Research with Cross Sectional approach. The population in this research was 82 peoples with 50 peoples as sample research. The analysis of the data was using univariate and bivariate analysis with Chi Square Test. The results show that the perception of reliability has relationship with the interest in ANC utilization (p-value = 0.005). Perception of responsiveness has relationship with the interest in ANC utilization (p-value = 0.000). Perception of insurance has relationship with the interest in ANC utilization (p-value = 0.000). Perception of empathy has a relationship with the interest in ANC utilization (p-value = 0.000). Perception of tangible has relationship with the interest in ANC utilization (p-value = 0.000). Based on these results, it is necessary to improve the quality inspection 10T, ANC service speed, ANC clear examination result, and encouragement for regular inspection

Conception Rates of Holstein-Friesian Cows Inseminated Artificially with Reducing Frozen Semen Doses

Conception rates of Holstein Friesian (HF) acceptors were evaluated in artificial insemination (AI) mating using three frozen semen doses of the straws per volume of 0.25 cc.  Frozen semen consisted of a standard dose by 25 x 106 sperms (L.1) and two reduced doses by 20 x 106 sperms (L.2) and 15x106 sperms (L.3).  This field study was conducted in dairy cattle area of Lembang NBMCU, from August 2011 to March 2012.  Frozen semens were obtained from two HF national progeny tested young bulls. Conception was detected by rectal palpation, around 60-90 days after AI mating. Conception rates (CR %) were calculated as a ratio between pregnant acceptors to the total AI mated cows.  Some general linear model analyzes were conducted by considering fixed variables of semen dose (3), bull (2), inseminator (6) and parity (5).  The results showed that three frozen semen doses did not significantly affect (P>0.05) on CR (%).  By decreasing semen dose to L.3 gave CR (%) similar to L2 even to L1.  It was concluded that frozen semen doses of HF bulls at the levels of 20 million to 15 million sperms per straw per volume of 0.25 cc resulted CR (%) similar to the standard one

Identification of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms on Cattle Breeds in Indonesia Using Bovine 50k

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) abundant in bovine genome influence genetic variation in biological mechanism. The study aimed to identify SNPs on Indonesian cattle breeds and analyze their genetic diversity using Bovine 50K SNP chip. Twenty eight "Ongole Grade" (OG) beef cattle and 20 "Holstein Friesian" (HF) dairy cattle were used for the Infinium II assay test. This assay included amplification of genomic DNA, fragmenta-tion, precipitation, resuspension, hybridization, processing bead chip for single-base extension, and imaging at iScan. Data and clusters were analyzed using GenomeStudio software. The Bovine 50K SNP chip containing 54,609 SNPs was observed spanning all chromosomes of bovine genome. Genotyping for the total SNPs was successfull based on Call Rate, GeneCall and GeneTrain scores. Most SNP markers had alleles that shared among the individuals or breeds, or had specific alleles at distinctive frequencies. Minor allele frequency (MAF) spreads equally with intervals of 0-0.5. The breeds of OG and HF tended to be separated in different clusters without considering their genetic history and twin or normal. This result suggests that most individuals are closely related to one another, regardless of the same breed. Some genes identified on chromosomes 3, 4, 5, 7, 13, 17 and 18 were located in the loci/regions that contained SNPs with specific alleles of either HF or OG breed. These SNPs were more powerful for differentiation of beef cattle and dairy cattle than among individuals in the same breed. These SNP variations and genetic relatedness among individuals and breeds serve basic information for cattle breeding in Indonesia

Conception Rates of Holstein-Friesian Cows Inseminated Artificially with Reducing Frozen Semen Doses

Conception rates of Holstein Friesian (HF) acceptors were evaluated in artificial insemination (AI) mating using three frozen semen doses of the straws per volume of 0.25 cc.  Frozen semen consisted of a standard dose by 25 x 106 sperms (L.1) and two reduced doses by 20 x 106 sperms (L.2) and 15x106 sperms (L.3).  This field study was conducted in dairy cattle area of Lembang NBMCU, from August 2011 to March 2012.  Frozen semens were obtained from two HF national progeny tested young bulls. Conception was detected by rectal palpation, around 60-90 days after AI mating. Conception rates (CR %) were calculated as a ratio between pregnant acceptors to the total AI mated cows.  Some general linear model analyzes were conducted by considering fixed variables of semen dose (3), bull (2), inseminator (6) and parity (5).  The results showed that three frozen semen doses did not significantly affect (P>0.05) on CR (%).  By decreasing semen dose to L.3 gave CR (%) similar to L2 even to L1.  It was concluded that frozen semen doses of HF bulls at the levels of 20 million to 15 million sperms per straw per volume of 0.25 cc resulted CR (%) similar to the standard one

Genetic Variants of Milk Protein Genes and Their Association with Milk Components in Holstein Friesian Cattle

Protein content in milk is an important indicator of milk. Accordingly, genetic improvement to produce Holstein Friesian (HF) dairy cattle is important. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic variant of milk protein genes and its effect on milk component traits of Holstein Friesian (HF). A total of 100 HF were used in this study. The HF cattle used have physiological status in the lactation period 1 up to 3 and lactation change of 1 up to 12 months. Genotype variants of milk protein genes were identified using Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction method.  Analysis of milk component was carried out covering the component of protein, fat, lactose, and solid non-fat (SNF) by using a milk quality measuring device (Lactoscan). Genotyping of cattle blood samples consisted of DNA extraction, genes amplification using the RT-PCR method. The result showed that protein milk was significantly affected (p0.05) by the genetic variants of CSN1S1-192 and CSN2-67 genes. Fat milk was significantly affected (p0.05) by the genetic variants of CSN1S1-192 and CSN3 genes.  Meanwhile, solid non-fat milk was significantly affected (p0.05) by the genetic variants of CSN-BMC9215, CSN-BMC6334, CSN1S1-14618, CSN2_67, and CSN3 genes. Lactose milk was significantly affected (p0.05) by the genetic variants of CSN-BMC9215 and CSN2-67 genes. It was concluded that genetic variants of the milk protein genes have an association with the component of cow's milk (protein, fat, solid non-fat, and lactose)