Airports at Risk: The Impact of Information Sources on Security Decisions

Security decisions in high risk organizations such as airports involve obtaining ongoing and frequent information about potential threats. Utilizing questionnaire survey data from a sample of airport employees in European Airports across the continent, we analyzed how both formal and informal sources of security information affect employee's decisions to comply with the security rules and directives. This led us to trace information network flows to assess its impact on the degree employees making security decisions comply or deviate with the prescribed security rules. The results of the multivariate analysis showed that security information obtained through formal and informal networks differentially determine if employee will comply or not with the rules. Information sources emanating from the informal network tends to encourage employees to be more flexible in their security decisions while formal sources lead to be more rigid with complying with rules and protocols. These results suggest that alongside the formal administrative structure of airports, there exists a diverse and pervasiveness set of informal communications networks that are a potent factor in determining airport security levels

Segregation at prior austenite grain boundaries: The competition between boron and hydrogen

The interaction between boron and hydrogen at grain boundaries has been investigated experimentally and numerically in boron-doped and boron-free martensitic steels using thermal desorption spectrometry (TDS) and ab initio calculations. The calculations show that boron and hydrogen are attracted to grain boundaries but boron can repel hydrogen. This behavior has also been observed using TDS measurements, with the disappearance of one peak when boron is incorporated into the microstructure. Additionally, the microstructure of both steels has been studied through electron backscattered diffraction, synchrotron X-ray measurements, and correlative transmission Kikuchi diffraction-atom probe tomography measurements. While they have a similar grain size, grain boundary distribution, and dislocation densities, pronounced boron segregation into PAGBs is observed for boron-doped steels. It indicates that boron in PAGBs is responsible for the disappearance of the TDS peaks for the boron-doped steel. Then, the equilibrium hydrogen concentration in different trapping sites has been evaluated using the Langmuir–McLean approximation. This thermodynamic model shows that the distribution of hydrogen is identical for all traps when the total hydrogen concentration is low for boron-free steel. However, when it increases, traps of the lowest segregation energies (mostly PAGBs) are firstly saturated, which promotes failure initiation at this defect type. This finding partially explains why PAGBs are the weakest microstructure feature when martensitic steels are exposed to hydrogen-containing environments

Wirkungen eines umweltgerechten Energiepflanzenanbaus auf Boden, Umwelt und Wirtschaftlichkeit: Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Modellierung von Szenarien

Ein Vergleich der Standortbewertungsverfahren für den ökologisch-ökonomisch optimierten Anbau von Energiepflanzen weist auf größere Differenzen der Bewertungsmethoden hin. Die mit EPIC simulierten Ertragsklassen stimmen in der exemplarischen Untersuchungsregion Unterland/Gäu-Landschaft (SW-Dt.) zwar gut mit den statistischen Ertragsdaten überein und basieren auf einem quantitativen Standort- / Klimadatenraster (LUSACs). Dieses Raster weist allerdings für die gesamte Fläche Südwestdeutschlands Lücken im Datenbestand der Leitböden auf, die große Unsicherheit hinsichtlich räumlicher Repräsentativität aufkommen lassen. Die flächendeckende, agrarökologische Modellierung erfordert also Qualitätseinbußen bei den Simulationsergebnissen oder umgekehrt. Unabhängig von den Wirkungen eines vermehrten Energiepflanzenanbaus auf Erosion, Nitratauswaschung und Humusbilanz, die noch zu simulieren sind, weisen die agrarökonomischen Modellierungen mit EFEM bereits auf einen erhöhten Deckungsbeitrag bei gleichzeitigem CO2-Einsparpotenzial hin

Erratum: Actionable mutations in plasma cell-free DNA in patients with advanced cancers referred for experimental targeted therapies.

The Abstract is incorrect in PubMed. The corrected Abstract is provided here

Clonally resolved single-cell multi-omics identifies routes of cellular differentiation in acute myeloid leukemia

Inter-patient variability and the similarity of healthy and leukemic stem cells (LSCs) have impeded the characterization of LSCs in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and their differentiation landscape. Here, we introduce CloneTracer, a novel method that adds clonal resolution to single-cell RNA-seq datasets. Applied to samples from 19 AML patients, CloneTracer revealed routes of leukemic differentiation. Although residual healthy and preleukemic cells dominated the dormant stem cell compartment, active LSCs resembled their healthy counterpart and retained erythroid capacity. By contrast, downstream myeloid progenitors constituted a highly aberrant, disease-defining compartment: their gene expression and differentiation state affected both the chemotherapy response and leukemia's ability to differentiate into transcriptomically normal monocytes. Finally, we demonstrated the potential of CloneTracer to identify surface markers misregulated specifically in leukemic cells. Taken together, CloneTracer reveals a differentiation landscape that mimics its healthy counterpart and may determine biology and therapy response in AML