On the possible secondary component of the order parameter observed in London penetration depth measurements

We discuss the effect of a secondary component of the superconducting order parameter on the superfluid density in the cuprates. If we assume a main $d_{x^2-y^2}$ gap, the most stable realization of a mixed order parameter has a time-reversal breaking $d_{x^2-y^2}+ \imath d_{xy}$ symmetry. In this state the nodes are removed and the temperature dependence of the superfluid density changes from the linear behavior of a pure d-wave to a more rounded shape at low temperature. The latter is compatible with the behavior experimentally observed in the in-plane magnetic field penetration depth of optimally doped $La_{2-x}Sr_xCuO_2$ and $YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-\delta}$.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.

Treatment of olive oil processing wastewater by ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis and biofiltration

This paper deals with the possibility to purify olive mill wastewater streams from olive mills by means of coagulation, membrane technology and bio filtration. In the last decade, membrane processes have gained a main role to seek for a viable process to treat olive mill wastewater streams due to their capability to eliminate almost all of the pollutants in the water. One main drawback to this approach is the severe membrane fouling issues, that reduces sensibly these capabilities within a short period of time. In order to inhibit the fouling formation, in this work the boundary flux approach was used, that is the determination of proper operating conditions that do not promote fouling formation by specific measurements and modelling. Nevertheless, membranes may not be sufficient to reach the desired purification grade of the wastewater stream for a harmless disposal in the environment. Novelty of this work is the last process step, that is bio filtration and was accomplished by means of a biofilter. This step is necessary in order to guarantee the achievement of a treated water to a quality grade compatible to the discharge in superficial aquifers. The adopted system is compact, have small residence times and is capable to treat the RO permeate to the target values. The experimental work will be discussed and reported in this paper

Perspectives in nanotechnology based innovative applications for the environment

In this perspective paper, the actual trends in nanotechnology based innovative applications for the environment are analyzed and possible future trends were studied. On the basis of the relevant topics of the NINE congress held in Rome, 2016, a bibliographical search was performed on papers fitting in one or more categories within the last 5 years, that is: 1. Nanosensors and bionanosensors for environmental characterization and monitoring 2. Technologies for the production of Nanomaterials for the environment 3. Nanostructured materials for advanced remediation processes 4. Nano-based water and wastewater treatment processes 5. Membrane processes for the environment 6. Health and safety issues concerning Nanomaterials 7. Education on Environmental Engineering and Nanotechnology. A yearly count of contributions was performed and taken as an indicator of interest of the specific topic within the wide broad scientific community. In a second step, the resulting data was analyzed by regression techniques to estimate the trend in the next future and to evaluate the next challenges within the international research framework

Cytoreduction and HIPEC in the treatment of "unconventional" secondary peritoneal carcinomatosis

BACKGROUND: Peritoneal metastasis (PM) is considered a terminal and incurable disease. In the last 30 years, cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) radically changed the therapeutic approach for these patients and is regarded as the standard of care for pseudomyxoma peritonei from appendiceal cancer and peritoneal mesotheliomas. Improved survival has also been reported in treating PM from ovarian, gastric, and colorectal cancers. However, PM often seriously complicates the clinical course of patients with other primary digestive and non-digestive cancers. There is increasing literature evidence that helped to identify not only the primary tumors for which CRS and HIPEC showed a survival advantage but also the patients who may benefit form this treatment modality for the potential lethal complications. Our goal is to report our experience with cytoreduction and HIPEC in patients with PM from rare or unusual primary tumors, discussing possible "unconventional" indications, outcome, and the peculiar issues related to each tumor. METHODS: From a series of 253 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of peritoneal carcinomatosis and treated by CRS and HIPEC, we selected only those with secondary peritoneal carcinomatosis from rare or unusual primary tumors, excluding pseudomyxoma peritonei, peritoneal mesotheliomas, ovarian, gastric, and colorectal cancers. Complications and adverse effects were graded from 0 to 5 according to the WHO Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). Survival was expressed as mean and median. RESULTS: We admitted and treated by CRS and HIPEC 28 patients with secondary peritoneal carcinomatosis from rare or unusual primary tumors. Morbidity and mortality rates were in line with those reported for similar procedures. Median survival for the study group was 56 months, and 5-year overall survival reached 40.3 %, with a difference between patients with no (CC0) and minimal (CC1) residual disease (52.3 vs. 25.7), not reaching statistical significance. Ten patients are alive disease-free, and eight are alive with disease. CONCLUSIONS: Cytoreduction and HIPEC should not be excluded "a priori" for the treatment of peritoneal metastases from unconventional primary tumors. This combined therapeutic approach, performed in an experienced center, is safe and can provide a survival benefit over conventional palliative treatments

Islamic finance and conventional financial systems. Market trends, supervisory perspectives and implications for central banking activity

The paper analyses Islamic finance from the central bank and supervisory authorityÂ’s perspective, focusing on the European and Italian context. It depicts a rapidly expanding sector, with recent annual growth rates of between 10 and 15 percent and a geographical presence that now reaches several Western countries. Future prospects, however, could be hampered by problems concerning the standardization of products, governance structure, supervisory regulation, monetary policy instruments, and liquidity management. Islamic intermediaries are not necessarily riskier than traditional counterparts but their operational structure tends to be more complex. Key issues in supervision include the treatment of investment accounts and transparency. It has been seen that there are limits to the efficiency of the monetary policy instruments developed so far to remedy the prohibition of interest; moreover, the growth of interbank and money markets is hindered by a shortage of "Shari'ah-compliant" products. Problems arising from the participation of Islamic banks in payment systems are also discussed.Islamic finance, Islamic financial institutions, supervision, monetary policy instrments, payment systems

Predictivity of clinical, laboratory and imaging findings in diagnostic definition of palpable thyroid nodules. A multicenter prospective study

Abstract PURPOSE: To assess the role of clinical, biochemical, and morphological parameters, as added to cytology, for improving pre-surgical diagnosis of palpable thyroid nodules. METHODS: Patients with a palpable thyroid nodule were eligible if surgical intervention was indicated after a positive or suspicious for malignancy FNAC (TIR 4-5 according to the 2007 Italian SIAPEC-IAP classification), or two inconclusive FNAC at a 653 months interval, or a negative FNAC associated with one or more risk factor. Reference standard was histological malignancy diagnosis. Likelihood ratios of malignancy, sensitivity, specificity, negative (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV) were described. Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and logistic regression were applied. RESULTS: Cancer was found in 433/902 (48%) patients. Considering TIR4-5 only as positive cytology, specificity, and PPV were high (94 and 91%) but sensitivity and NPV were low (61 and 72%); conversely, including TIR3 among positive, sensitivity and NPV were higher (88 and 82%) while specificity and PPV decreased (52 and 63%). Ultrasonographic size 653\u2009cm was independently associated with benignity among TIR2 cases (OR of malignancy 0.37, 95% CI 0.18-0.78). In TIR3 cases the hard consistency of small nodules was associated with malignity (OR: 3.51, 95% CI 1.84-6.70, p\u2009<\u20090.001), while size alone, irrespective of consistency, was not diagnostically informative. No other significant association was found in TIR2 and TIR3. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of cytology with clinical and ultrasonographic parameters may improve diagnostic definition of palpable thyroid nodules. However, the need for innovative diagnostic tools is still high

Relazione tecnica sulle attività della campagna oceanografica “Evatir 2016”

La presente relazione tecnica descrive tutte le attività svolte nella Campagna oceanografica “Evatir 2017” condotta a bordo della N/O “G. Dallaporta” (dal 25 luglio al 21 agosto 2016). La Campagna “Evati 2016” è parte integrante del Progetto "Estensione della Campagna acustica Medias (Mediterranean International Acoustic Survey) nelle sub aree geografiche (GSA) 9 (Mar Ligure e Mar Tirreno settentrionale) e 10 (Mar Tirreno centrale e meridionale)", finanziato dal Ministero delle politiche agricole alimentari e forestali (Mipaaf) nell'ambito del Fondo Europeo per gli Affari Marittimi e la Pesca (FEAMP). E’ la sesta campagna rivolta alla valutazione acustica e alla distribuzione spaziale delle popolazioni di piccoli pelagici, insieme allo studio delle condizioni ambientali dell’area di studio. Le specie target del progetto sono state l’acciuga europea (Engraulis encrasicolus) e la sardina (Sardina pilchardus), specie chiave sia a livello commerciale che ecologico. La gestione di tali risorse è abbastanza complessa a causa del loro breve ciclo di vita e dall’ampia oscillazioni inter-annuali nell’abbondanza dello stock, legata al successo o al fallimento del reclutamento annuale. Insieme alle attività di acquisizione acustiche sono stati realizzati campionamenti bilogici, misurazioni, misurazioni di parametri fisico-chimici, rilevamenti di variabili oceanografiche e campionamento di acque (nei Golfi di Salerno, Napoli e Gaeta), monitoraggio della rete da pesca e campionamenti di fitoplancton, zooplancton, solidi sospesi e rilievo delle principali variabili oceanografiche (in prossimità dello stabilimento SOLVAY di Rosignano)

Real-Time Gastric Juice Analysis in Cirrhotic Patients: Can We Avoid Unrewarding Gastric Biopsies?

Background: To search for H. pylori infection and gastric precancerous lesions in cirrhotic patients is worthwhile when considering the high incidence of peptic ulcers and gastric cancer in these patients. We tested if gastric juice analysis allows to avoid unrewarding gastric biopsies. Methods: This prospective study enrolled consecutive patients with liver cirrhosis who underwent upper endoscopy with standard gastric biopsies. Real-time gastric juice analysis was performed with a specific device (EndoFaster®) that test ammonium concentration for H. pylori diagnosis, and pH values to suspect extensive atrophy/metaplasia involving gastric body mucosa. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value (NPV), the overall accuracy, and the likelihood ratio were calculated for both H. pylori infection and extensive precancerous lesions on gastric mucosa. Results: A total of 78 cirrhotic patients (males: 55; mean age: 66 ± 12 years) were enrolled. When considering as positive EndoFaster® results when at least one of two (ammonium and pH levels) tests were positive, the NPVs were as high as 89% and 86%, respectively, to rule out H. pylori and extensive precancerous lesions on gastric mucosa, with an overall accuracy of 83% and 74%. Conclusions: This study supports the evidence that real-time gastric juice analysis allows to avoid clinically unrewarding and potentially unsafe gastric biopsies in a definite portion of cirrhotic patients, but more data are needed

Relazione tecnica sulle attività della campagna oceanografica “Evatir 2011”

La campagna oceanografica “Evatir 2011”, condotta a bordo della N/O “G. Dallaporta”, è stata la seconda campagna di valutazione acustica della biomassa pelagica nelle acque del Tirreno condotta grazie alla collaborazione tra i ricercatori dell’IAMC-CNR e del VNIRO di Mosca. Le ricerche condotte in tale periodo sono state finalizzate principalmente alla valutazione della biomassa e della distribuzione spaziale delle popolazioni di piccoli pelagici. Le specie target sono le principali specie commerciali di piccoli pelagici in Mediterraneo, ovvero l’acciuga (Engraulis encrasicolus) e la sardina (Sardina pilchardus). Si tratta di specie a ciclo di vita breve caratterizzate da ampie oscillazioni interannuali nella biomassa. Negli anni in cui i livelli di biomassa sono particolarmente bassi l’effetto di un elevato sforzo di pesca porterebbe ad un collasso di tali risorse anche da un anno all’altro. Il collasso di tali specie è stato ben documentato in letteratura mostrando che i tempi di recupero sono molto lunghi e hanno effetti socio-economici catastrofici anche sulle comunità marinare che vivono grazie agli introiti derivanti dalla pesca e commercializzazione di prodotti in scatola. Sono stati nel contempo acquisiti dati CTD al fine di studiare possibili influenze delle variabili ambientali sulla distribuzione spaziale delle specie oggetto di studio

Impact of safety-related dose reductions or discontinuations on sustained virologic response in HCV-infected patients: Results from the GUARD-C Cohort

BACKGROUND: Despite the introduction of direct-acting antiviral agents for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, peginterferon alfa/ribavirin remains relevant in many resource-constrained settings. The non-randomized GUARD-C cohort investigated baseline predictors of safety-related dose reductions or discontinuations (sr-RD) and their impact on sustained virologic response (SVR) in patients receiving peginterferon alfa/ribavirin in routine practice. METHODS: A total of 3181 HCV-mono-infected treatment-naive patients were assigned to 24 or 48 weeks of peginterferon alfa/ribavirin by their physician. Patients were categorized by time-to-first sr-RD (Week 4/12). Detailed analyses of the impact of sr-RD on SVR24 (HCV RNA <50 IU/mL) were conducted in 951 Caucasian, noncirrhotic genotype (G)1 patients assigned to peginterferon alfa-2a/ribavirin for 48 weeks. The probability of SVR24 was identified by a baseline scoring system (range: 0-9 points) on which scores of 5 to 9 and <5 represent high and low probability of SVR24, respectively. RESULTS: SVR24 rates were 46.1% (754/1634), 77.1% (279/362), 68.0% (514/756), and 51.3% (203/396), respectively, in G1, 2, 3, and 4 patients. Overall, 16.9% and 21.8% patients experienced 651 sr-RD for peginterferon alfa and ribavirin, respectively. Among Caucasian noncirrhotic G1 patients: female sex, lower body mass index, pre-existing cardiovascular/pulmonary disease, and low hematological indices were prognostic factors of sr-RD; SVR24 was lower in patients with 651 vs. no sr-RD by Week 4 (37.9% vs. 54.4%; P = 0.0046) and Week 12 (41.7% vs. 55.3%; P = 0.0016); sr-RD by Week 4/12 significantly reduced SVR24 in patients with scores <5 but not 655. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, sr-RD to peginterferon alfa-2a/ribavirin significantly impacts on SVR24 rates in treatment-naive G1 noncirrhotic Caucasian patients. Baseline characteristics can help select patients with a high probability of SVR24 and a low probability of sr-RD with peginterferon alfa-2a/ribavirin