Physico-chemical Characteristics of Composites Material Based on Sulfonated Cyclone Fibre Cellulose and Benzotriazole

Composites material based on sulfonated cyclone fibre cellulose (SCFC) and benzotriazole (Btri) have been prepared. Cyclone fibre cellulose (CFC) was sulfonated with trimethylsilyl chlorosulfonate (TMSCS), with high degree of sulfonation (150%). The composites material, SCFC-Btri were prepared by doping of benzotriazole in various mole ratios (0.125, 0.25 and 0.5). FTIR spectrum has confirmed the ionic interaction between sulfonic acid from sulfonated cyclone fibre cellulose and benzotriazole units. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the composites material was thermally stable up to 150 °C. The results showed that methanol permeability of the composite material was lower than pristine Nafion112. Activation energy obtained for the materials are 0. 106 eV, 0.144 eV and 0.137 eV for SCFC-Btri mole ratios 0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 respectively, composites material was expected to be used as raw material in the fuel cell

Sintesis Dan Identifikasi Material Besi Berpendukung ZnAl2O4 (Fe/ZnAl2O4)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis katalis besi berpendukung ZnAl2O4 (Fe/ZnAl2O4). SintesisFe/ZnAl2O4 dilakukan dengan beberapa tahap, yaitu sintesis ZnAl2O4 menggunakan metode keramikyang dikembangkan oleh Ballarini (2009), dengan sedikit modifikasi dan impregnasi besi padaZnAl2O4. Identifikasi produk menggunakan XRD menunjukkan bahwa difraktogram ZnAl2O4 yangterbentuk mirip dengan difraktogram ZnAl2O4 standar yang dilakukan oleh Ballarini (2009).Identifikasi Fe/ZnAl2O4 yang terbentuk menggunakan XRD menunjukkan bahwa difraktogramFe/ZnAl2O4 yang terbentuk mirip dengan difraktogram Fe/ZnAl2O4 standar. Hal ini memberikanindikasi bahwa sintesis material besi berpendukung ZnAl2O4 kemungkinan besar telah berhasildilakukan

Preparation of Fe-intercalated Graphite Based on Coal Tailings, Dimensional Structure

Intercalated graphite from coal tailings have been modified through the intercalation of iron. Coal tailings which is a byproduct of the destruction process and flakes washing results from mining coal. Intercalation of iron goal is to improve the physical properties of graphite and modifying sizes of crystal lattice structure with thermal method. Modification process begins with the carbonization of coal tailings at 500ºC and activated with phosphoric acid. Activation process has done by pyrolysis at 700ºC. The results of pyrolysis was soaked in mineral oil for 24 hours, then pyrolysis again with variations in temperature 800°C and 900ºC for 1 hour and subsequent intercalation iron at 1% and 2%. Material before activated, after activated, and the results of pyrolysis still indicates order nano: 29, 25 and 36 nm respectively. X-ray diffraction characterization results indicate that change in the structure, the sizes crystal lattice structure of the material The greater the concentration of iron was added, the resulting peak at 2θ = 33 and 35 also will be more sharply. The results of SEM showed different morphologies from each treatment

Comparison the Physicochemical Properties of Bunch Press Fibre Cellulose and Cyclone Fibre Cellulose of Waste From Industry Crude Palm Oil (CPO)

Study on comparison the physicochemical properties of bunch press fibre cellulose (Bpfc) and cyclone fibre cellulose (Cfc) wastes from industry Crude Palm oil (CPO) have been performed. The physicochemical properties both of celluloses have been done such as the average degree of polymerization (DP), solubility properties, functional group analysis, thermal properties and X-ray diffraction patterns. The average degrees of polymerization (DP) have been obtained 2195 and 567 for Bpfc and Cfc. Bunch press fibre cellulose and cyclone fibre cellulose were soluble in cupriethylenediamine (CED). FT-IR analysis showed the same pattern of spectrum but different intensities. Thermal stability of bunch press fibre cellulose and cyclone fibre cellulose remains stable up to a temperature of 250 °C. Glass transition bunch press fibre cellulose greater than the glass transition cyclone fibre cellulose and X-ray diffraction pattern shows the same pattern and intensity varies

Application of variational inequalities to the moving-boundary problem in a fluid model for biofilm growth

Vi betraktar ett problem med rörlig rand motsvarande ett gränsfall i en fluid modell för biofilmstillväxt som föreslagits av J. Dockery och I. Klapper SIAM J. Appl. Math. 62(3), 2001.We consider a moving-boundary problem associated with a limiting case of the fluid model for biofilm growth proposed by J. Dockery and I. Klapper, SIAM J. Appl. Math. 62(3), 2001. Concepts of classical, weak, and variational solutions for this problem are introduced. Classical solutions with radial symmetry are constructed, and estimates for their growth are given. Using a weighted Baiocchi transform it is shown that every classical solution is a weak solution. Every weak solution is in turn equivalent to the solution-set of a family of variational inequalities for an elliptic PDE (the variational solution). This allow us to show that, given arbitrary initial data at time t = 0 (any bounded open set), there exists a weak solution defined for all times t &gt; 0. Upper bounds for the weak solutions are given, and a semi-group property is proved. The background for this problem, and a model derivation is also presented.Submitted to Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, Methods &amp; Applications</p