684 research outputs found
Blood pressure variability: Epidemiological and clinical issues
Blood pressure variability (BPV) is a classical physiological phenomenon. This paper describesmajor epidemiological and clinical issues of BPV which may be important to understand thebackground of this interesting feature. In healthy subjects, BPV is a measure of hemodynamiccondition and refl ects function of autonomic nervous system. BP fl uctuations result from thecomplex interaction between environmental stimulation, genetic factors and cardiovascularcontrol mechanisms. Abnormal BPV is recognized in persons with a blurred dipping pattern(i.e. extreme dipping, non-dipping, reverse-dipping, morning surge of BP) or increased variationsof day-time or night-time BP (high BP lability). Inappropriate BPV worsens the outcome,including increase in all-cause and cardiac mortality and incidence of cardiovascular events,and advance in target organ damage. Abnormal BPV may be softened or removed with suitabletime-dependent administration of anti-hypertensive agents, especially those acting on therenin–angiotensin system
Aktualne koncepcje leczenia choroby pnia lewej tętnicy wieńcowej: przegląd danych epidemiologicznych
Left main disease management strategy: Indications and revascularization methods in particular groups of subjects
Surgical revascularization with coronary artery by-pass grafting is still recommended in vast majority of patients with unprotected left main disease. The aim of the paper was to analyze optimal treatment of left main disease in selected groups of patients, on the basis of current guidelines and information gained from literature data. We focused on data in relation to treatment of elderly patients, diabetics and those hemodynamically unstable. Additionally we discussed the issue of anti-platelet therapy and informed consent. As far as efficacy of treatment is concerned, not only method of revascularization but also general condition of the patient, the factors influencing peri-operative risk and optimal pharmacotherapy should be taken into account. Therefore establishment of the heart team is crucial when choosing the most suitable method of invasive treatment of left main disease
Prevalence of hypersensitivity to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the population of adult asthmatics in Poland based on an epidemiological questionnaire
Introduction: Hypersensitivity reactions to drugs account for 25% of all side effects related to drugs, affecting more than 7%
of the population. One in four such reactions is caused by acetylic acid and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Material and methods: Between 1998 and 2000 epidemiological research was carried out in various centers, with the aim of
estimating the frequency of allergy-based diseases in Poland. The objective of the study was to evaluate the frequency of hypersensitivity to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), based on an epidemiological questionnaire, in the Polish adult population.
Results: Bronchial asthma was diagnosed in 582 patients (5.4%). Of that group, 75 patients (12.9%) additionally reported
symptoms of hypersensitivity to NSAIDs. Aspirin-induced asthma was diagnosed in 11 patients (14.7%) with clinical
manifestations of hypersensitivity responses. Frequency of aspirin-induced asthma with clinical symptoms amounted to
1.9% of asthmatics. In the assessment of severity of the disease, aspirin intolerance was the only statistically significant
factor (p = 0.0003; odds ratio 28.6 with assumed 95% confidence interval).
Conclusions: In the population of adults in Poland, the frequency of aspirin-induced asthma amounted to 0.1%. Hypersensitivity to NSAIDs was observed in 12.9% of asthmatics. In asthmatics with symptoms of hypersensitivity to non-steroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs, which takes the course of clinically demonstrable aspirin-induced asthma, the risk of severe
asthma is 30-fold higher
Prevalence of hypersensitivity to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the population of adult asthmatics in Poland based on an epidemiological questionnaire
Wstęp: Reakcje nadwrażliwości na leki stanowią około 25% działań niepożądanych leków i dotyczą ponad 7% ogólnej
populacji. Kwas acetylosalicylowy i inne niesteroidowe leki przeciwzapalne (NLPZ) w jednej czwartej przypadków odpowiadają
za te reakcje.
Materiał i metody: W latach 1998–2000 przeprowadzono wieloośrodkowe badanie epidemiologiczne, mające oszacować
częstość występowania schorzeń alergicznych w Polsce. Celem autorów pracy była próba oceny częstości występowania
reakcji nadwrażliwości na NLPZ w populacji dorosłych cierpiących na astmę w Polsce, na podstawie prowadzonych badań
epidemiologicznych.
Wyniki: Badanie objęło grupę 10 684 dorosłych osób w Polsce. Astmę oskrzelową rozpoznano u 582 (5,4%) badanej populacji.
W grupie tej 75 chorych (12,9%) zgłaszało objawy nadwrażliwości na NLPZ. Częstość występowania astmy aspirynowej
wyniosła 1,9% wśród wszystkich chorych na astmę. W grupie z nadwrażliwością na NLPZ astmę przewlekłą umiarkowaną choi
ciężką rozpoznano u 21,3% chorych. W ocenie ciężkości astmy wśród populacji badanej istotność statystyczną uzyskano
w tylko w przypadku nietolerancji na aspirynę (p = 0,0003; iloraz szans 28,6 przy założonym 95-procentowym przedziale
ufności).
Wnioski: Częstość występowania astmy aspirynowej w populacji osób dorosłych w Polsce wynosi 0,1%, natomiast wśród
dorosłych chorych na astmę oskrzelową stanowi 1,9%. Reakcje nadwrażliwości na NLPZ występują u 12,9% dorosłych
chorych na astmę w Polsce. Chorych na astmę aspirynową charakteryzuje statystycznie znamiennie cięższy przebieg choroby
w porównaniu do chorych na astmę tolerujących aspirynę. Ryzyko wystąpienia u nich ciężkiego przebiegu astmy jest
zwiększone blisko 30-krotnie.Introduction: Hypersensitivity reactions to drugs account for 25% of all side effects related to drugs, affecting more than 7%
of the population. One in four such reactions is caused by acetylic acid and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Material and methods: Between 1998 and 2000 epidemiological research was carried out in various centers, with the aim of
estimating the frequency of allergy-based diseases in Poland. The objective of the study was to evaluate the frequency of hypersensitivity
to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), based on an epidemiological questionnaire, in the Polish adult population.
Results: Bronchial asthma was diagnosed in 582 patients (5.4%). Of that group, 75 patients (12.9%) additionally reported
symptoms of hypersensitivity to NSAIDs. Aspirin-induced asthma was diagnosed in 11 patients (14.7%) with clinical
manifestations of hypersensitivity responses. Frequency of aspirin-induced asthma with clinical symptoms amounted to
1.9% of asthmatics. In the assessment of severity of the disease, aspirin intolerance was the only statistically significant
factor (p = 0.0003; odds ratio 28.6 with assumed 95% confidence interval).
Conclusions: In the population of adults in Poland, the frequency of aspirin-induced asthma amounted to 0.1%. Hypersensitivity
to NSAIDs was observed in 12.9% of asthmatics. In asthmatics with symptoms of hypersensitivity to non-steroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs, which takes the course of clinically demonstrable aspirin-induced asthma, the risk of severe
asthma is 30-fold higher
Certain subphenotypes of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease distinguished by latent class analysis
Background: Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD)
is recognized as a distinct asthma phenotype. It usually has a
severe course accompanied by chronic hyperplastic eosinophilic
sinusitis with nasal polyps, blood eosinophilia, and increased
concentrations of urinary leukotriene E4 (LTE4). More
insightful analysis of individual patients shows this group to be
nonhomogeneous.
Objective: We sought to identify any likely subphenotypes in a
cohort of patients with AERD through the application of latent
class analysis (LCA).
Methods: Clinical data from 201 patients with AERD (134
women) were collected from questionnaires. Standard
spirometry, atopy traits, blood eosinophilia, and urinary LTE4
concentrations were evaluated. LCA was applied to identify
possible AERD subphenotypes.
Results: Four classes (subphenotypes) within the AERD
phenotype were identified as follows: class 1, asthma with a
moderate course, intensive upper airway symptoms, and blood
eosinophilia (18.9% of patients); class 2, asthma with a mild
course, relatively well controlled, and with low health care use
(34.8% of patients); class 3, asthma with a severe course, poorly
controlled, and with severe exacerbations and airway
obstruction (41.3% of patients); and class 4, poorly controlled
asthma with frequent and severe exacerbations in female
subjects (5.0% of patients). Atopic status did not affect class
membership. Patients with particularly intensive upper airway
symptoms had the highest levels of blood eosinophilia and the
highest concentrations of urinary LTE4.
Conclusions: LCA revealed unique AERD subphenotypes, thus
corroborating the heterogeneity of this population. Such
discrimination might facilitate more individualized treatment
in difficult-to-treat patients
Over-the-counter medicines and dietary supplements consumption among academic youth in Poland
Over-the-counter (OTC) medicines and dietary supplements are increasingly popular in Poland, potentially improving overall health but also posing a threat to public health. The study goal is to characterize and assess behaviors related to use of OTC medicines and dietary supplements among Polish university students. A questionnaire-based survey was performed with students divided into groups (gender, subjects studied, period of studies). The majority of students declared using the products, significantly more females and younger students in their early years. Females tended to be more attentive to product information. Students with a background in biological or medical sciences were also more attentive and less influenced by advertising. We conclude that the differences between the defined groups of students should be utilized in tailored educational activities, aiming to rationalize high consumption of OTC medicines and dietary supplements. Targeting other, especially poor and less-educated groups, should follow
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