James Frame's The Philisophy of Insanity (1860)

Our aim in presenting this Classic Text is to foster wider analytical attention to a fascinating commentary on insanity by a former inmate of Glasgow Royal Asylum, Gartnavel, James Frame. Despite limited coverage in existing literature, his text (and other writings) have been surprisingly neglected in modern scholarship. Frame’s Philosophy presents a vivid, affecting, often destigmatising account of the insane and their institutional provision in Scotland. Derived from extensive first-hand experience, Frame’s chronicle eloquently and graphically delineates his own illness and the roles and perspectives of many other actors, from clinicians and managers to patients and relations. It is also valuable as a subjective, but heavily mediated, kaleidoscopic view of old and new theories concerning mental afflictions, offering many insights about the medico-moral ethos and milieu of the mid-Victorian Scottish asylum. Alternating as consolatory and admonitory illness biography, insanity treatise, mental health self-help guide, and asylum reform and promotion manual, it demands scrutiny for both its more progressive views and its more compromised and prejudicial attitudes

The Effect of Electoral Systems on Voting Behavior and Party Development: The Case of Canada

This thesis will explore three major areas of political science research: The timing of elections, Duverger\u27s law and voter turnout. Each of these topics has been covered extensively in the literature. However, as with most areas of political science, there remain facets of each of these topics that deserve further examination. Chapter 1 begins this discussion with an introduction to each of these three topics and a description of the Canadian electoral and party systems. Chapter 2 examines the impact of the timing of elections on the government party in Canadian parliamentary elections. This chapter shows that there are aspects of the study of election timing in presidential regimes that also pertain to the study of election timing in parliamentary regimes. In particular, this chapter finds that the honeymoon period described by Shugart and Carey (1992) and Shugart (1995) for presidential regimes relates to early election calls by the government in parliamentary regimes. The issues of sample size and susceptibility to operationalization limit the explanatory power of the analysis in this chapter. While these results show that future research in this area is warranted, these problems must be addressed in order to enhance these initial findings. Duverger\u27s law states that the simple-majority single-ballot system favours the two-party system (1964, 217). An important implication of the law is that the electoral system is a significant determinant of the number of parties. Chapter 3 shows that even when multi-partism appears at the national level, the district level can present a different picture depending on how the number of parties is counted. This number of competitive parties is determined by using the same LT index method as Gaines (1999). Using this vote share method, the results for the 1997 and the 2000 election confirm the pattern established by Gaines for the elections from 1935 through 1993. By using seat shares instead of vote shares in the LT index, I find that Canadian elections at the riding level are more appropriately characterized as two-party or even one-party competition. This finding, which is the most significant contribution of this chapter, concurs with Duverger\u27s (1964) hypothesis that Canadian exceptionalism at the national level is the result of different regional parties competing with national parties in different regions of the country. There are two main methods that are used to study voter turnout. Single country studies, particularly in the case of the U.S., tend to focus on socioeconomic and behavioral variables while comparative studies tend to favor an analysis of institutional variables. In Chapter 4, I present an analysis of voter turnout using a combination of the two approaches. Chapter 4 presents a longitudinal analysis of Canadian turnout using the institutional variables explored in Chapters 2 and 3 as well as a snapshot analysis of the 1997 Canadian election. I use regional analysis to demonstrate the problem with using an aggregate analysis to explain a phenomenon that is affected by different variables in different regions. This analysis shows that different independent variables have a distinctly different effect on voter turnout in different regions. When combined in an aggregate analysis, these independent variables lose some of their explanatory power because of the contradictory effects observed in different regions

Deep South: A Social Anthropological Study of Caste and Class

Allison Davis, Burleigh B. Gardner, & Mary R. Gardner Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2022 ISBN: 9780226817989 328 p. $20.00 (Pbk

Inspiration and the Oulipo

In the Ion and the Phaedrus Plato establishes an opposition between technique and inspiration in literary composition. He has Socrates argue that true poets are inspired and thereby completely deprived of reason. It is often said that the writers of the French collective known as the Oulipo have inverted the Platonic opposition, substituting a scientific conception of technique—formalization—for inspiration. Some of the group\u27s members aim to do this, but not the best-known writers. Jacques Roubaud and Georges Perec practice traditional imitation alongside formalization. Imitation is a bodily activity with an important non-technical aspect. Raymond Queneau consistently points to an indispensable factor in literary composition that exceeds both formalization and imitation but is inimical to neither. Sometimes he calls this factor inspiration ; sometimes he speaks of the unknown and the the unpredictable, which must confirm the writer\u27s efforts and intentions. The lack of consensus within the Oulipo on the question of inspiration is not a fault or a weakness, since the group has never claimed to adhere to a unified doctrine. However, to present Queneau as a radical formalist is to distort his poetics

Cool Town: How Athens, Georgia, Launched Alternative Music and Changed American Culture

Grace Elizabeth Hale Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2020 ISBN: 9781469664057 384 p. $20.00 (Pbk

The influence of furnish moisture content and press closure rate on the formation of the vertical density profile in oriented strandboard : relating the vertical density profile to bending properties, dimensional stability and bond performance

A study was completed to examine the relationship of processing variables and the vertical density profile with the performance of modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), water absorption (WA), thickness swell (TS) and internal bond (IB) of oriented strandboard (OSB). Twenty-seven, 40 lb/ft3, 1/2 inch thick southern pine, laboratory strandboards were manufactured with furnish at three moisture contents (3, 6 and 9%) and employing three press closure rates (20, 40 and 60 seconds) in a completely randomized split-plot design with three replications. Applications of phenolformaldehyde resin (3%) and emulsion wax (0.5%) were held constant. All tests were conducted in accordance with the American Society for Testing and Materials D-1037-92 (1992). The data were analyzed in three ways: (1) to determine the effect of furnish moisture content and press closure rate on MOE, MOR, WA, TS and IB; (2) to find the effect of furnish moisture content and press closure rate on the vertical density profile; (3) to search for the relationship of the vertical density profile with MOE, MOR, WA, TS and IB. Furnish moisture content and press closure rate were found to have varying effects on panel properties. In general, a lower furnish moisture content resulted in higher MOE and MOR, more WA and TS, and higher IB. With our custom made resin system, the intermediate (6%) furnish moisture content treatment level allowed the best compromise between bending strength, dimensional stability and bond performance. A faster press closure rate generally resulted in higher MOE and MOR, less WA and TS, and lower IB. The intermediate (40 seconds) press closure rate provided an adequate trade-off between bending strength, dimensional stability and bond performance. For subsequent analysis, the vertical density profile was divided into 5 zones, the minimum and maximum density and their respective locations within each zone were recorded. Zones 1 and 5 were considered face layers, 2 and 4 were considered intermediate layers, and 3 was considered the core. The vertical density profile zone data was used to determine the relationship of the vertical density profile with MC and PCR. Furnish moisture content influenced the vertical density profile minimum and maximum density in all zones, and the location of the density in the intermediate zones. As furnish moisture content increased the density increased and the peaks of the vertical density profile located closer to the panel surface. Press closure rate influenced the maximum density in the face zones and the location of the minimum and maximum density in the face and intermediate zones. At faster press closure rates the density in the face zones increased and the peaks of the vertical density profile narrowed while simultaneously locating closer to the panel surface. The location of the minimum and maximum density in the core zone was unaffected by furnish moisture content or press closure rate. The interaction of furnish moisture content and press closure rate was significant for density in the intermediate and core zones and for the location of the density in the face and intermediate zones. Generally, the lowest densities resulted when lower furnish moisture contents were combined with slower press closure rates. Higher furnish moisture contents combined with faster press closure rates allowed the density locations to position closer to the panel surface. A correlation matrix and a stepwise regression method were utilized to examine the relationship of the vertical density profile data with MOE, MOR, WA, TS and IB. MOE and MOR were most related to location of the density rather than the actual density values themselves. WA and TS were generally most effected by the location of the maximum density in the face zones. For WA and TS, there was an exposure time effect of different vertical density profile zone variables giving significant contributions to the absorption and swell of a specimen as water exposure time lengthened from two to twenty-four hours. IB was most effected by the location of the maximum density in one intermediate zone. In general, the density location variables emerged as highly influential over panel properties. The knowledge gained in this study on the ability to control the location variables by manipulating process parameters could be used to predict panel properties

The Monument Project (Si Monumentum Reqiuis Circumspice) Leonardo article

This paper describes the concepts, ideas, background and operations of The Monument Project (Si Monumentum Requiris Circumspice), a digital video installation that produces a continuous stream of weather-responsive panoramic images from the top of the Monument in the City of London. The work, which was commissioned by Julian Harrap Architects, was part of a £4.5 million refurbishment of the 17th-century landmark, designed by Sir Christopher Wren and Dr. Robert Hooke to commemorate the Great Fire of London in 1666

Temporal trends in spider communities at the UK Environmental Change Network Cairngorm field station, 2007-2019: data analysis report

This report details the trends in spider abundance at the Environmental Change Network (ECN) Cairngorms site over 13 years (2007-2019). Spiders were collected from pitfall traps in three habitats (pine woodland, wind-clipped heath, bog) in the Allt a’Mharcaidh catchment near Feshiebridge in the Western regions of the Cairngorms National Park, Scotland. Data was collected using standard ECN protocol, and all collected spider specimens were identified by the same expert araneologist for consistency. The spider communities were diverse, but typical of upland sites in the region, whilst a number of species present were either nationally rare, scarce, or amber listed due to nationwide declines. Over the relatively short period of monitoring none of the 96 species recorded at the site were found to be declining in abundance, whilst 16 species increased. The woodland community had the highest richness of species, consistent with this habitat being the most ecologically accessible to generalist species. Overall, however, abundances were similar across spider communities occupying the woodland, bog and heath habitats. The woodland community also appears to be becoming increasingly stable over time, relative to the heath and bog communities, both of which appeared to show extensive community change in 2013, which lasted for five years. This is likely a response to environmental extremes that occurred during the autumn of 2012 and spring / summer of 2013, but further exploratory research is required