660 research outputs found
Enhanced drag in pipe turbulent flow by an aqueous electrolyte: an electroviscous effect
Drag enhancement is reported for turbulent pipe flow of aqueous electrolyte solutions. No electroviscous effect was obtained with laminar flow. Nor was any unusual pressure drop observed for laminar or turbulent flow of non-electrolyte aqueous solutions such as sugar. An electroviscous theory was advanced that predicted the drag enhancement for a 1/1 electrolyte solution. The theory depended on consideration of Debye length
Mechanical Entanglement via Detuned Parametric Amplification
We propose two schemes to generate entanglement between a pair of mechanical
oscillators using parametric amplification. In contrast to existing parametric
drive-based protocols, both schemes operate in the steady-state. Using a
detuned parametric drive to maintain equilibrium and to couple orthogonal
quadratures, our approach can be viewed as a two-mode extension of previous
proposals for parametric squeezing. We find that robust steady-state
entanglement is possible for matched oscillators with well-controlled coupling.
In addition, one of the proposed schemes is robust to differences in the
damping rates of the two oscillators.Comment: 13 pages, 2 figure
Detuned Mechanical Parametric Amplification as a Quantum Non-Demolition Measurement
Recently it has been demonstrated that the combination of weak-continuous
position detection with detuned parametric driving can lead to significant
steady-state mechanical squeezing, far beyond the 3 dB limit normally
associated with parametric driving. In this work, we show the close connection
between this detuned scheme and quantum non-demolition (QND) measurement of a
single mechanical quadrature. In particular, we show that applying an
experimentally realistic detuned parametric drive to a cavity optomechanical
system allows one to effectively realize a QND measurement despite being in the
bad-cavity limit. In the limit of strong squeezing, we show that this scheme
offers significant advantages over standard backaction evasion, not only by
allowing operation in the weak measurement and low efficiency regimes, but also
in terms of the purity of the mechanical state.Comment: 17 pages, 2 figure
Minimum requirements for feedback enhanced force sensing
The problem of estimating an unknown force driving a linear oscillator is
revisited. When using linear measurement, feedback is often cited as a
mechanism to enhance bandwidth or sensitivity. We show that as long as the
oscillator dynamics are known, there exists a real-time estimation strategy
that reproduces the same measurement record as any arbitrary feedback protocol.
Consequently some form of nonlinearity is required to gain any advantage beyond
estimation alone. This result holds true in both quantum and classical systems,
with non-stationary forces and feedback, and in the general case of
non-Gaussian and correlated noise. Recently, feedback enhanced incoherent force
sensing has been demonstrated [Nat. Nano. \textbf{7}, 509 (2012)], with the
enhancement attributed to a feedback induced modification of the mechanical
susceptibility. As a proof-of-principle we experimentally reproduce this result
through straightforward filtering.Comment: 5 pages + 2 pages of Supplementary Informatio
Adaptive homodyne measurement of optical phase
We present an experimental demonstration of the power of real-time feedback
in quantum metrology, confirming a theoretical prediction by Wiseman regarding
the superior performance of an adaptive homodyne technique for single-shot
measurement of optical phase. For phase measurements performed on weak coherent
states with no prior knowledge of the signal phase, we show that the variance
of adaptive homodyne estimation approaches closer to the fundamental quantum
uncertainty limit than any previously demonstrated technique. Our results
underscore the importance of real-time feedback for reaching quantum
performance limits in coherent telecommunication, precision measurement and
information processing.Comment: RevTex4, color PDF figures (separate files), submitted to PR
Continuous quantum error correction via quantum feedback control
We describe a protocol for continuously protecting unknown quantum states
from decoherence that incorporates design principles from both quantum error
correction and quantum feedback control. Our protocol uses continuous
measurements and Hamiltonian operations, which are weaker control tools than
are typically assumed for quantum error correction. We develop a cost function
appropriate for unknown quantum states and use it to optimize our
state-estimate feedback. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we study our protocol
for the three-qubit bit-flip code in detail and demonstrate that it can improve
the fidelity of quantum states beyond what is achievable using quantum error
correction when the time between quantum error correction cycles is limited.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures, REVTeX; references fixe
Application of Room Temperature Ionic Liquids to the Development of Electrochemical Lipase Biosensing Systems for Water-Insoluble Analytes
Biosensors have been prepared by modification of glassy carbon electrodes with
functionalised multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) dispersed in the room temperature
ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (BmimNTF2)
and with lipase cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. The biosensor was applied to the
determination of olive oil triglycerides by cyclic voltammetry. A phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) /
BmimNO3 mixture is a better electrolyte than aqueous buffer alone. The response signal in the
buffer-BmimNO3 mixture was found to increase with the number of cycles until a constant
current was achieved. The calibration curve obtained exhibited a sigmoid-shape and a fourparameter
model was used to fit the data which gave a limit of detection of 0.11 ÎŒg mLâ1.
Close inspection of such calibration curves showed two distinct linear regions indicating
changes in the mechanism of the electrochemical response. Overall, the oxidative analytical
response was found to be due to phenolic compounds present in the olive oil, released in the
presence of lipase, rather than due to triglycerides per se. It was also found that there were no
interferences from either cholesterol or glycerol. A possible mechanism of olive oil
determination at a MWCNT-BmimNTF2/Lip biosensor is proposed
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