Specialist palliative care nursing and the philosophy of palliative care: a critical discussion

Nursing is the largest regulated health professional workforce providing palliative care across a range of clinical settings. Historically, palliative care nursing has been informed by a strong philosophy of care which is soundly articulated in palliative care policy, research and practice. Indeed, palliative care is now considered to be an integral component of nursing practice regardless of the specialty or clinical setting. However, there has been a change in the way palliative care is provided. Upstreaming and mainstreaming of palliative care and the dominance of a biomedical model with increasing medicalisation and specialisation are key factors in the evolution of contemporary palliative care and are likely to impact on nursing practice. Using a critical reflection of the authors own experiences and supported by literature and theory from seminal texts and contemporary academic, policy and clinical literature, this discussion paper will explore the influence of philosophy on nursing knowledge and theory in the context of an evolving model of palliative care

Additional file 1: of UDP-glycosyltransferase genes in trypanosomatid genomes have diversified independently to meet the distinct developmental needs of parasite adaptations

Figure S1. Conserved genomic locus in L. major Friedlin, L. infantum JPCM5, L. braziliensis M2904, and Crithidia fasciculata CfC1. The UDP-glycosyltransferase genes are shaded yellow, flanking genes are shaded orange; sequence homology is illustrated by gray vertical bars. Gene terminology is according to Tritrypdb identifiers. Comparisons were obtained with Artemis Comparison Tool (ACT) [85]. (PNG 886 kb

Additional file 3: of UDP-glycosyltransferase genes in trypanosomatid genomes have diversified independently to meet the distinct developmental needs of parasite adaptations

Table S1. Results of selection tests on Leishmania. PARRIS [65] searches for evidence of positive selection at individual sites. PAML [67] searches for positive selected sites. REL [65], SLAC [64], FEL [64], and FUBAR [66] search for evidence of positive and negative selection based on dN/dS ratios. (DOCX 27 kb

Additional file 2: of UDP-glycosyltransferase genes in trypanosomatid genomes have diversified independently to meet the distinct developmental needs of parasite adaptations

Figure S2. Subtelomeric genomic locus in chromosome 25 of L. major Friedlin, L. infantum JPCM5, L. mexicana U1103, and L. braziliensis M2904. The UDP-glycosyltransferase genes are shaded yellow, flanking genes are shaded orange; sequence homology is illustrated by gray vertical bars. Gene terminology is according to Tritrypdb identifiers. Comparisons were obtained with Artemis Comparison Tool (ACT) [85], (PNG 357 kb

Table S2 from Characterization of columnar inertial modes in rapidly rotating spheres and spheroids

Some values of G in the no-slip case calculated for di↵erent values of N and m for the 3-D inertial modes with the lowest vertical complexity and with the smallest (in absolute value) eigenfrequency

Table S1 from Characterization of columnar inertial modes in rapidly rotating spheres and spheroids

Some values of the frequency correction G in the no-slip case calculated for di↵erent values of N and m for the columnar inertial modes for b = 1

Table S4 from Characterization of columnar inertial modes in rapidly rotating spheres and spheroids

Some values of the decay factor τ due to stress-free boundary condition calculated for di↵erent values of N and m for the 3-D inertial modes with the lowest vertical complexity and with the smallest (in absolute value) eigenfrequency

Table S3 from Characterization of columnar inertial modes in rapidly rotating spheres and spheroids

Some values of the decay factor τ due to stress-free boundary condition calculated for di↵erent values of N and m for the columnar inertial modes for b = 1

Supplementary code from Characterization of columnar inertial modes in rapidly rotating spheres and spheroids

We consider fluid-filled spheres and spheroidal containers of eccentricity <i>ε</i> in rapid rotation, as a proxy for the interior dynamics of stars and planets. The fluid motion is assumed to be quasi-geostrophic (QG): horizontal motions are invariant parallel to the rotation axis <i>z</i>, a characteristic which is handled by use of a stream function formulation which additionally enforces mass conservation and non-penetration at the boundary. By linearizing about a quiescent background state, we investigate a variety of methods to study the QG inviscid inertial wave modes which are compared with fully three-dimensional (3D) calculations. We consider the recently proposed weak formulation of the inviscid system valid in spheroids of arbitrary eccentricity, to which we present novel closed-form polynomial solutions. Our modal solutions accurately represent, in both spatial structure and frequency, the most <i>z</i>-invariant of the inertial wave modes in a spheroid, and constitute a simple basis set for the analysis of rotationally dominated fluids. We further show that these new solutions are more accurate than those of the classical axial-vorticity equation, which is independent of <i>ε</i> and thus fails to properly encode the container geometry. We also consider the effects of viscosity for the cases of both no-slip and stress-free boundary conditions for a spherical container. Calculations performed under the columnar approximation are compared with 3D solutions and excellent agreement has been found despite fundamental differences in the two formulations

SIDER

Link out to SIDER (Stable Isotope Discrimination Estimation in R). This package allows users to estimate Trophic Discrimination Factors (TDF) for species with no current measured TDF values using Bayesian imputation. This package is based on the MCMCglmm package and runs a MCMCglmm analysis on multiple trees using mulTree