A large, single pulmonary arteriovenous fistula presenting hours after birth

This article reports a case of a single, large pulmonary artery to left atrial fistula presenting within hours of birth. Symptomatic fistulas of this type are exceptionally rare in the neonatal period. The images of the fistula obtained during echocardiography and cardiac catheterisation is included. This case highlights the importance of intra-operative echocardigraphic guidance during surgical ligation of fistulas of this type.peer-reviewe

Immigrants in the Sexual Revolution: Perceptions, Participation, and Belonging, The Netherlands and Denmark, 1960s-80s

This is an historical study of first-generation immigrants in Denmark and the Netherlands in the 1960s-80s and their perceptions of the \u27Sexual Revolution.\u27 Foreign workers and post-colonial immigrants arrived during the same decades when laws regarding women\u27s equality, contraception and abortion, homosexuality, pornography, adultery and divorce were challenged and reformed, in many cases in the context of intensive social movement activism. This research explores immigrants\u27 perceptions of the dramatic changes in sexual and gender relations transforming Europe in the 1960s-80s, and the instances of immigrant solidarity with, and participation in, networks for social justice, women\u27s equality, and sexual liberation. Part I of this dissertation focuses on foreign workers\u27 early impressions of gender equality and sexual liberality from 1965-1974. Part II centers on immigrant activism from 1975-1985; during this time, left-wing immigrant groups in the Netherlands gained strategic and rhetorical inspiration not only from anti-fascism, but also from the women\u27s movement. Immigrant women\u27both actively, and just by being present\u27challenged European feminists to consider seriously the roles of ethnicity, race, and cultural difference in the women\u27s movement. Part III focuses on immigrants and ethnic minorities in gay and lesbian \u27scenes\u27 (e.g. bars, social circles) and formal organizations in the 1960s-80s. During these decades, contact advertisements in gay and lesbian journals facilitated new friendships, romances, housing connections, employment, and travel opportunities across both internal and external borders (e.g. inter-ethnic and international correspondence). Interviewees recount their experiences \u27coming out,\u27 moving to cities, and being \u27one of the first\u27 people of color in various gay and lesbian networks in these decades. By bringing together two seemingly disparate research fields\u27immigration history and sexuality history\u27this research complicates current political and journalistic discussions of the supposed binary between an Enlightened Europe, always tolerant of women\u27s independence and gay rights, and its international immigrants, \u27unable\u27 to change their views on gender and sexuality

A generalized model for fuel channel bore estimation in AGR cores

One of the major life-limiting factors of an Advanced Gas-cooled Reactor (AGR) nuclear power station is the graphite core as it cannot be repaired or replaced and therefore detailed information about the health of the core is vital for continued safe operation. The graphite bricks that comprise the core experience gradual degradation during operation as a result of irradiation. Routine physical inspection of the graphite core fuel channels is performed by specialist inspection equipment during outages every 12 months to 3 years. It has also been shown to be advantageous to supplement this periodic inspection information with analysis of operational data which can provide additional insights into the core health. One such approach is through the use of online monitoring data called the Fuel Grab Load Trace (FGLT). An FGLT is a measure of the perceived load of the fuel assembly with contributions from aerodynamic forces and frictional forces, which is related to bore diameter. This paper describes enhancements to existing analysis of FGLT data which, to date, has focussed solely on using data from a single reactor at a time to build bore estimation models, by considering data from multiple reactors to produce a generalised model of bore estimation. This paper initially describes the process of producing a bore estimation from an FGLT by isolating the contribution that relates to the fuel channel bore and then discusses the limitations with the existing bore estimation model. Improvements are then proposed for the bore estimation model and a detailed assessment is undertaken to understand the effect of each of these proposed improvements. In addition, the effect of introducing non-linear regression models to further enhance the bore estimation is explored. The existing model is trained on data from one reactor in the UK and therefore the results produced from it are only applicable to this reactor. However, out of the remaining 13 nuclear reactors currently in operation, 3 also have a similar construction to the reactor the model is trained on, and these should all produce similar FGLT data. Therefore, a generalised model is proposed that produces bore estimations for four AGRs station’s reactors, compared with one previously. It is shown that this approach offers an improved overall bore estimation model

Nano silver and nano zinc-oxide in surface waters - exposure estimation for Europe at high spatial and temporal resolution

Nano silver and nano zinc-oxide monthly concentrations in surface waters across Europe were modeled at ~6 × 9 km spatial resolution. Nano-particle loadings from households to rivers were simulated considering household connectivity to sewerage, sewage treatment efficiency, the spatial distribution of sewage treatment plants, and their associated populations. These loadings were used to model temporally varying nano-particle concentrations in rivers, lakes and wetlands by considering dilution, downstream transport, water evaporation, water abstraction, and nano-particle sedimentation. Temporal variability in concentrations caused by weather variation was simulated using monthly weather data for a representative 31-year period. Modeled concentrations represent current levels of nano-particle production. Two scenarios were modeled. In the most likely scenario, half the river stretches had long-term average concentrations exceeding 0.002 ng/L nano silver and 1.5 ng/L nano zinc oxide. In 10% of the river stretches, these concentrations exceeded 0.18 ng/L and 150 ng/L, respectively. Predicted concentrations were usually highest in July

High angular resolution mm- and submm-observations of dense molecular gas in M82

Researchers observed CO(7-6), CO(3-2), HCN(3-2) and HCO+(3-2) line emission toward the starburst nucleus of M82 and have obtained an upper limit to H13CN(3-2). These are the first observations of the CO(7-6), HCN(3-2) and HCO+(3-2) lines in any extragalactic source. Researchers took the CO(7-6) spectrum in January 1988 at the Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF) with the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics/Univ. of California, Berkeley 800 GHz Heterodyne Receiver. In March 1989 researchers used the Institute for Radio Astronomy in the Millimeter range (IRAM) 30 m telescope to observe the CO(3-2) line with the new MPE 350 GHz Superconductor Insulator Superconductor (SIS) receiver and the HCN(3-2) and HCO+(3-2) lines with the (IRAM) 230 GHz SIS receiver (beam 12" FWHM, Blundell et al. 1988). The observational parameters are summarized

Mega event management of formula one grand prix: an analysis of literature

Purpose A comprehensive literature review of mega event management of dynamic sporting events is presented. The purpose of this paper is to learn from these mega events to prescribe mitigation strategies for improving cost performance while simultaneously minimising public disruption on formula one grand prix events. Knowledge accrued of challenges posed is theoretically applied to circuit construction and reestablishment processes involved in orchestrating a “street circuit” grand prix event. Design/methodology/approach An inductive research methodological approach was adopted using an interpretivist epistemological design. A mixed methods analysis of pertinent extant literature of mega events afforded greater synthesis of the research problem domain and generated more valid and reliable findings. The software VOSviewer was used to conduct a qualitative bibliographic analysis of pertinent extant literature. Findings Three thematic groups of past research endeavour emerged from the analysis and were assigned appropriate nomenclature, namely: customer experience; geographical location; and research methods and approaches adopted. Analysis of these clusters revealed common factors that impact upon construction works during mega sporting events including: inclement weather conditions; miscommunication between project stakeholders; and economic impact upon the local community. Factors for mitigating these risks were also proposed, namely: traffic management plans; shift working; and wider public consultation. Originality/value This unique study provides invaluable insight into construction works commissioned and implemented at a mega “motor sports” public event. Although the research context was narrowly defined, findings presented are equally applicable to contractors, organisers and public authorities orchestrating other types of public event. The research concludes with direction for future work that seeks to apply the lessons learnt and measure the impact of findings presented herein

A selected ion flow tube study of the reactions of gas-phase cations with PSCl3

A selected ion flow tube was used to investigate the positive ion chemistry of thiophosphoryl chloride, PSCl$_3$. Rate coefficients and ion product branching ratios have been determined at room temperature for reactions with nineteen cations ; H$_3$O$^+$, CF$_3^+$, CF$^+$, NO$^+$, NO$_2^+$, SF$_2^+$, SF$^+$, CF$_2^+$, O$_2^+$, H$_2$O$^+$, N$_2$O$^+$, O$^+$, CO$_2^+$, CO$^+$, N$^+$, N$_2^+$, Ar$^+$, F$^+$ and Ne$^+$ (in order of increasing recombination energy). Complementary data described in the previous paper have been obtained for this molecule via the observation of threshold photoelectron photoion coincidences. For ions whose recombination energies are in the range 10-22 eV, comparisons are made between the product ion branching rations of PSCl$_3$ from photoionisation and from ion-molecule reactions. In most instances, the data from the two experiments are well correlated, suggesting that long-range charge transfer is the dominant mechanism for these ion-molecule reactions ; the agreement is particularly good for the atomic ions Ar$^+$, F$^+$ and Ne$^+$. Some reactions (e.g. O$_2^+$ + PSCl$_3$), however, exhibit significant differences; short-range charge transfer must then be occurring following the formation of an ion-molecule complex. For ions whose recombination energies are less than 10 eV (i.e. H$_3$O$^+$, CF$_3^+$, CF$^+$ and NO$^+$), reactions can only occur via a chemical process in which bonds are broken and formed, because the recombination energy of the cation is less than the ionisation energy of PSCl$_3$

Indestructibility of Vopenka's Principle

We show that Vopenka's Principle and Vopenka cardinals are indestructible under reverse Easton forcing iterations of increasingly directed-closed partial orders, without the need for any preparatory forcing. As a consequence, we are able to prove the relative consistency of these large cardinal axioms with a variety of statements known to be independent of ZFC, such as the generalised continuum hypothesis, the existence of a definable well-order of the universe, and the existence of morasses at many cardinals.Comment: 15 pages, submitted to Israel Journal of Mathematic

Macroalgal vegetation on a north European artificial reef (Loch Linnhe, Scotland) : biodiversity, community types and role of abiotic factors

Open Access via the Springer Compact Agreement Acknowledgements: We would like to thank the dive team of the UK National Facility for Scientific Diving (NFSD), namely Elaine Azzopardi and Hugh Brown, as well as Norman Smith, skipper of the RV Seol Mara, for their diving and logistics support during the fieldwork for this study in July 2014. Funding information: This study received support from the European Community research infrastructure action under the FP7 ‘capacities’specific program ASSEMBLE (grant no. 227788). Also, the MASTS pooling initiative (Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland, funded by the Scottish Funding Council and contributing institutions; grant reference HR09011) supported FCK and the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) funded NFSD. Funding for the construction of the artificial reefs was provided kindly by Foster Yeoman Limited.Peer reviewedPublisher PD