R^2 Corrections for 5D Black Holes and Rings

We study higher-order corrections to two BPS solutions of 5D supergravity, namely the supersymmetric black ring and the spinning black hole. Due in part to our current relatively limited understanding of F-type terms in 5D supergravity, the nature of these corrections is less clear than that of their 4D cousins. Effects of certain $R^2$ terms found in Calabi-Yau compactification of M-theory are specifically considered. For the case of the black ring, for which the microscopic origin of the entropy is generally known, the corresponding higher order macroscopic correction to the entropy is found to match a microscopic correction, while for the spinning black hole the corrections are partially matched to those of a 4D $D0-D2-D6$ black hole.Comment: 9 page

δ44/40\delta^{44/40}Ca-δ88/86\delta^{88/86}Sr multi-proxy constrains primary origin of Marinoan cap carbonates

The Neoproterozoic Earth experienced at least two global-scale glaciations termed Snowball Earth events. 'Cap carbonates' were widely deposited after the events, but controversy surrounds their origin. Here, we apply the novel $\delta^{44/40}$Ca-$\delta^{88/86}$Sr multi-proxy to two Marinoan (ca. 635 Ma) cap carbonate sequences from Namibia and show that the rocks archive primary environmental signals deriving from a combination of seawater-glacial meltwater mixing and kinetic isotope effects. In an outer platform section, dolostone $\delta^{44/40}$Ca and $\delta^{88/86}$Sr values define a line predicted for kinetic mass-dependent isotope fractionation. This dolostone mostly precipitated from meltwater. Moreover, stratigraphically higher samples exhibiting the fastest precipitation rates correlate with elevated 87Sr/86Sr ratios, consistent with long-held expectations that a rapid deglacial weathering pulse forced cap carbonate formation. An inner-platform dolostone shows greater effects from water-mass mixing but still reveals that precipitation rates increased up-section. Overlying limestones show the greatest Ca and Sr contributions from seawater. Amplification of local coastal processes during global ice sheet collapse offers a simple but sufficient proposition to explain the Ca isotope heterogeneity of cap carbonates. Detection of kinetic isotope effects in the rock record provides a basis for developing the $\delta^{44/40}$Ca-$\delta^{88/86}$Sr multi-proxy as an indicator of saturation state and $p$CO$_2$

Utilizing multimodal microscopy to reconstruct Si/SiGe interfacial atomic disorder and infer its impacts on qubit variability

SiGe heteroepitaxial growth yields pristine host material for quantum dot qubits, but residual interface disorder can lead to qubit-to-qubit variability that might pose an obstacle to reliable SiGe-based quantum computing. We demonstrate a technique to reconstruct 3D interfacial atomic structure spanning multiqubit areas by combining data from two verifiably atomic-resolution microscopy techniques. Utilizing scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) to track molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth, we image surface atomic structure following deposition of each heterostructure layer revealing nanosized SiGe undulations, disordered strained-Si atomic steps, and nonconformal uncorrelated roughness between interfaces. Since phenomena such as atomic intermixing during subsequent overgrowth inevitably modify interfaces, we measure post-growth structure via cross-sectional high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM). Features such as nanosized roughness remain intact, but atomic step structure is indiscernible in $1.0\pm 0.4$~nm-wide intermixing at interfaces. Convolving STM and HAADF-STEM data yields 3D structures capturing interface roughness and intermixing. We utilize the structures in an atomistic multivalley effective mass theory to quantify qubit spectral variability. The results indicate (1) appreciable valley splitting (VS) variability of roughly $\pm$ $50\%$ owing to alloy disorder, and (2) roughness-induced double-dot detuning bias energy variability of order $1-10$ meV depending on well thickness. For measured intermixing, atomic steps have negligible influence on VS, and uncorrelated roughness causes spatially fluctuating energy biases in double-dot detunings potentially incorrectly attributed to charge disorder.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure

The association between benign prostatic hyperplasia and chronic kidney disease in community-dwelling men

The association between benign prostatic hyperplasia and chronic kidney disease in community-dwelling men.BackgroundBenign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and chronic kidney disease are important public health problems in older men. Previous referral-based studies disagree on whether BPH is associated with chronic kidney disease. The objective of this study was to determine the community-based association between clinical measures of BPH and chronic kidney disease.MethodsA community-based sample of 2115 white men (ages 40–79 years) was randomly selected from the Olmsted County, Minnesota population (55% participation rate) in 1990. A random subsample (N = 476) had a detailed clinical evaluation. This evaluation included a questionnaire with similar queries to the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), peak urinary flow rates (uroflowmeter), postvoid residual urine volume (ultrasound), prostate volume (ultrasound), serum prostate specific antigen (PSA), and serum creatinine.ResultsAfter adjustment for age, hypertension, diabetes, leukocyte esterase positive (possible urinary tract infection), and smoking, chronic kidney disease [serum creatinine ≥133 μmol/L (1.5 mg/dL)] was associated with diminished peak urinary flow rate (<15 mL/sec) by an odds ratio (OR) = 2.96 (95% CI 1.30–7.01), moderate-severe lower urinary tract symptoms (IPSS >7) by an OR = 2.91 (95% CI 1.32–6.62), and chronic urinary retention (postvoid residual >100 mL) by an OR = 2.28 (95% CI 0.66–6.68). There was no association with a prostate volume >30 mL by an OR = 0.56 (95% CI 0.22–1.37) or PSA >1.4 ng/mL by an OR = 1.17 (95% CI 0.47–2.81).ConclusionThere was a cross-sectional association between signs and symptoms of bladder outlet obstruction and chronic kidney disease in community-dwelling men. Prostatic enlargement was not associated with chronic kidney disease

Regional and temporal variability of melts during a Cordilleran magma pulse: Age and chemical evolution of the Jurassic arc, eastern Mojave Desert, California

Intrusive rock sequences in the central and eastern Mojave Desert segment of the Jurassic Cordilleran arc of the western United States record regional and temporal variations in magmas generated during the second prominent pulse of Mesozoic continental arc magmatism. U/Pb zircon ages provide temporal control for describing variations in rock and zircon geochemistry that reflect differences in magma source components. These source signatures are discernible through mixing and fractionation processes associated with magma ascent and emplacement. The oldest well-dated Jurassic rocks defining initiation of the Jurassic pulse are a 183 Ma monzodiorite and a 181 Ma ignimbrite. Early to Middle Jurassic intrusive rocks comprising the main stage of magmatism include two high-K calc-alkalic groups: to the north, the deformed 183–172 Ma Fort Irwin sequence and contemporaneous rocks in the Granite and Clipper Mountains, and to the south, the 167–164 Ma Bullion sequence. A Late Jurassic suite of shoshonitic, alkali-calcic intrusive rocks, the Bristol Mountains sequence, ranges in age from 164 to 161 Ma and was emplaced as the pulse began to wane. Whole-rock and zircon trace-element geochemistry defines a compositionally coherent Jurassic arc with regional and secular variations in melt compositions. The arc evolved through the magma pulse by progressively greater input of old cratonic crust and lithospheric mantle into the arc magma system, synchronous with progressive regional crustal thickening