Comparison of Patient-reported Outcomes after Implant Versus Autologous Tissue Breast Reconstruction Using the BREAST-Q

Background: The demand for reconstructive breast procedures of various types has accelerated in recent years. Coupled with increased patient expectations, it has fostered the development of oncoplastic and reconstructive techniques in breast surgery. In the setting of postmastectomy reconstruction, patient satisfaction and quality of life are the most significant outcome variables when evaluating surgical success. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of life after implant breast reconstruction compared with autologous breast reconstruction. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. A total of 65 women who had completed postmastectomy implant-based or autologous reconstruction in the participating center were asked to complete the BREAST-Q (Reconstruction Module). Results: Data analysis demonstrated that women with autologous breast reconstruction were significantly more satisfied with their breasts (P = 0.0003) and with the overall outcome (P = 0.0001) compared with women with implant breast reconstruction. All other BREAST-Q parameters that were considered and observed were not significantly different between the 2 patient groups. Conclusions: Through statistical analysis, our results showed that patients who underwent autologous tissue reconstruction had better satisfaction with the reconstructed breast and the outcome, while both techniques appear to equally improve psychosocial well-being, sexual well-being, and chest satisfaction

Architecture in the dorsal venous system of fingers in relation to replantation

Aim 1. In the experimental section to supplement and clarify the topographic anatomy of the venous finger, especially tran and lumen of blood vessels in different anatomic levels, including microscopic and histological verification finger vein system. 2. In clinical practice, develop a methodology to giving adequate venous drainage during revascularization and replantation of the finger parts in different levels depending on anatomy blood supply so that the result was easier to determine strategy operating procedures and increase the success of the performance. 3. Check a functional state of venous anastomoses after finger at different time intervals in correction of other performances on the fingers

Patient-reported outcomes in bilateral prophylactic mastectomy with breast reconstruction: A narrative review

In women at high risk of developing breast cancer, bilateral prophylactic mastectomy (BPM) 1 significantly reduces the risk; simultaneously, breast reconstruction preserves body integrity. Given the complex and personal nature of such surgical procedures, patient assessment of satisfaction and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) 2 is essential in evaluation of surgical outcomes.With this review, we aim to organize the current knowledge on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) 3 in bilateral prophylactic surgery. Literature search was conducted using the databases Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science to address the following questions, which can help clinicians and women undergoing the procedures navigate their healthcare decision-making process: How does BPM with reconstruction influence cancer-related distress? How does the surgery impact patient satisfaction and HRQoL? How do preoperative PROs differ from postoperative outcomes? Does the type of BPM and the type of reconstruction impact patient satisfaction and HRQoL? Furthermore, we summarize available patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) 4 that can be administered to women undergoing BPM with reconstruction. In addition, we discuss possible future directions for PRO research in prophylactic breast surgery

Perilunate Injuries to the Wrist

Úvod Perilunátní dislokace a perilunátní zlomeniny jsou vážné poranění zápěstí, které jsou často přehlíženy při primární léčbě. Jejich nepřiměřená léčba vede k vážnému poškození zápěstí a postižení pacienta. Včasná diagnóza a správná léčba mohou předcházet takovým stavům. MATERIÁLY A METODY Je prezentována skupina 25 pacientů se 26 poraněními zápěstí. Soubor zahrnoval devět pacientů s izolovanými perilunátovými dislokacemi (34%), 11 pacientů s transkaphoidními perilunátovými dislokacemi (44%), dvěma s trans-radiálním trans-scaphoidním perilunátemdislokace (7%) a další dva pacienti s trans-radiálními perilunátovými dislokacemi (7%). Jeden pacient měl vedle perilunátová dislokace i poškození kutohamátového kloubu s poškozením obou částí interaktivního vazu (4%). Jeden pacient (4%) trpí transkaphoidní perilunátovou dislokací se zraněním na scapholunátovém vazu, ve kterém proximálnípól scaphoidu byl oddělen a narušován redukcí dislokace. VÝSLEDEK Správná diagnóza byla provedena na časném vyšetření u 16 pacientů (62%), během týdne po úrazech u 4 pacientů (15%), během měsíců po poranění u dvou pacientů (8%) a dokonce později u čtyř pacientů (15%). Výsledky vyhodnocení léčby založenéna Wrightington Hospital Wrist Scoring System byly vynikající v 19%, dobré ve 54%, uspokojivé u 19% a špatné u 8% pacientů. Špatný výsledek u jednoho pacienta byl kvůli nekróze lunární kosti, diagnóza perilunární dislokace byla provedena do měsíce úrazu. Špatné výsledky u druhého pacienta byly spojeny s komplexním syndromem regionální bolesti. DISKUSE Perilunate zranění zápěstí jsou poměrně časté a ačkoli léčebný postup je běžně známý, jeho principy nejsou vždy dodržováni. Dobrý výsledek souvisí s včasnou diagnózou a správnou rekonstrukcí poškozených struktur. V naší skupině byla diagnóza provedena při prvním vyšetření pouze u 62% pacientů a později než týden po úrazu 23%. Pacient, u něhož se objevila nekróza lunární kosti, měla diagnózu provedenou v 1 měsíci po poranění. Brzy snížení kostních struktur a rekonstrukce vazů také přispívají k dobrým výsledkům. ZÁVĚRY Dobré výsledky při ohrožení zranění závisí na časné a správné diagnóze, vhodném léčebném postupu a ortopedický chirurg, který má zkušenosti s léčbou takových zranění. Hluboká znalost kinetiky zápěstí je nutná pro tuto terapii, protože ne všechny zranění se dějí podle popisu učebnice.PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Perilunate dislocations and perilunate fractures are serious wrist injuries which are often overlooked at primary treatment. Their inadequate therapy results in severe wrist damage and patient disability. An early diagnosis and correct therapy can prevent such conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS A group of 25 patients with 26 wrist injuries is presented. It included nine patients with isolated perilunate dislocations (34%), 11 patients with trans-scaphoid perilunate dislocations (44%),two with trans-radial trans-scaphoid perilunate dislocations (7%) and next two patients with trans-radial perilunate dislocations (7%). One patients had, in addition to perilunate dislocation, injury to the capitohamat joint with damage to both portions of the interosseous ligament (4%). One patient (4%) sustained a trans-scaphoid perilunate dislocation with injury to the scapholunate ligament, in which the proximal pole of the scaphoid was separated and interfered with dislocation reduction. RESULTS The correct diagnosis was made on early examination in 16 patients (62%), within a week of injury in four patients (15%), within a months of injury in two patients (8%) and even later in four patients (15%). The results of treatment evaluation based on the Wrightington Hospital Wrist Scoring System were excellent in 19%, good in 54%, satisfactory in 19% and poor in 8% of the patients. The poor result in one patient was due to necrosis of the lunate bone;the diagnosis of a perilunate dislocation was made within a month of injury. The poor results in the other patient were associated with complex regional pain syndrome. DISCUSSION Perilunate injuries of the wrist are quite frequent and although the treatment procedure is commonly known, its principles are not always obeyed. A good outcome is related to an early diagnosis and correct reconstruction of the injured structures. In our group, the diagnosis was made at the first examination in only 62% of patients and later than a week after injury in 23%. The patient in whom necrosis of the lunate bone developed had the diagnosis made at 1 post-injury month. Early reduction of bone structures and reconstruction of ligaments also contribute to good results. CONCLUSIONS Good outcomes in perilunate injuries depend on an early and correct diagnosis, an appropriate therapeutic procedure and an orthopaedic surgeon who has experience with management of such injuries. A deep knowledge of wrist kinetics is necessary for this therapy as not all injuries happen according to textbook descriptions

The use of sentinel skin islands for monitoring buried and semi-buried micro-vascular flaps. Part I: Summary and brief description of monitoring methods

Micro-vascular flaps have been used for the repair of challenging defects for over 45 years. The risk of failure is reported to be around 5-10% which despite medical and technical advances in recent years remains essentially unchanged. Precise, continuous, sensitive and specific monitoring together with prompt notification of vascular compromise is crucial for the success of the procedure. In this review, we provide a classification and brief description of the reported methods for monitoring the micro-vascular flap and a summary of the benefits over direct visual monitoring. Over 40 different monitoring techniques have been reported but their comparative merits are not always obvious. One looks for early detection of a flap's compromise, improved flap salvage rate and a minimal false-positive or false-negative rate. The cost-effectiveness of any method should also be considered. Direct visualisation of the flap is the method most generally used and still seems to be the simplest, cheapest and most reliable method for flap monitoring. Considering the alternatives, only implantable Doppler ultrasound probes, near infrared spectroscopy and laser Doppler flowmetry have shown any evidence of improved flap salvage rates over direct visual monitoring

The use of sentinel skin islands for monitoring buried and semi-buried micro-vascular flaps. Part II: Clinical application

Despite the high success rate of micro-vascular flaps, anastomosis compromise occurs in 5-10% and that can lead to flap failure. Reliable monitoring of the flap is therefore of similar importance to that of the precise surgical procedure itself. Multiple methods have been reported for monitoring of the flap vitality, the first one being direct visual monitoring. In buried flaps direct visualisation is not feasible or is unreliable. In these cases we can extend the buried flap to expose a segment of it to act as a monitoring sentinel. For the purpose of this review we used our clinical experience as a starting point, and for the extended information and expertise we conducted a search of the PubMed database. Over 40 monitoring techniques have been reported to-date. Direct visual monitoring is still generally used method with a reliability of up to 100% and an overall success rate of up to 99%. Direct visualisation remains as the simplest, cheapest and yet a very reliable method of flap monitoring. In this review we provide a description of various possible techniques for externalising part of a buried flap, define the tissues that can be used for this purpose and we summarise the procedures that should be followed to achieve the best reliability and validity of monitoring the skin island

Breast Reconstruction after a Bilateral Mastectomy Using the BRAVA Expansion System and Fat Grafting

Summary: Fat graft breast reconstruction following a mastectomy is always limited by the size of the skin envelope, which affects the amount of graft that can be injected in 1 session. Because the fat graft naturally resorbs in all patients, several sessions of fat grafting are necessary. BRAVA’s negative pressure causes a “reverse” expansion of the skin envelope, thus permitting more space for the fat graft. This allows decreasing number of required procedures for an adequate breast reconstruction. We operated on a 38-year-old patient 4 years after bilateral mastectomy without irradiation for breast cancer. Before the procedure, the patient was instructed to wear the BRAVA system for 12 hours daily for 2 months before the first session, at all times between the sessions and for 1 month following the last fat grafting session. We performed 3 fat grafting sessions, as planned. Altogether, we injected 840 cm3 of fat on the right side and 790 cm3 of fat on the left side. Four months after the last operation, the patient was very satisfied with her new breasts. The breasts were soft, with good sensation and a natural feel. Using the BRAVA external expansion system for the enhancement of fat grafting is a suitable technique for breast reconstruction after a mastectomy. This technique produces soft and natural feeling breasts in fewer operative sessions, with a minimal risk of complications. Patient compliance, however, is greatly needed to achieve the desired results

Stable Arterial Perforators Mapping in Lower Leg Using Color-coded Doppler Sonography, Acoustic Doppler and Thermal Imaging Camera in Patients Undergoing Digital Subtraction Arteriography

Background: Chronic defects in the lower leg present significant challenges in plastic surgery due to their diverse etiologies and association with impaired peripheral circulation. This study describes the localization of stable perforators and assesses their changing velocities after digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Methods: 10 patients with lower extremity defects requiring DSA, had undergone examinations applying standard methods. The localization of 40 stable perforators originating from three main arteries in crura was performed before and after angiography. Where stenoses or occlusions were observed, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) was conducted, and changes in the perforator velocities following reperfusion were measured. Results: Angiographic abnormalities were observed in all cases. Prior to PTA, acoustic Dopplers detected 37 out of 40 perforators (90%), while color-coded sonography detected 35 out of 40 perforators (87.5%). After PTA, these numbers increased to 38 out of 40 (95%) and 37 out of 40 (92.5%) respectively. The mean flow characteristics included the peak systolic velocities (PSV) of 21.9 and 27.2, end-diastolic velocities (EDV) of 9.4 and 11.4 respectively. Post-intervention 16 micro vessels exhibited enlarged lumen diameters ranging from 1 to 3 mm, resulting in increased perfusion values for PSV in 85.2% (21.9/27.2) and EDV in 88.2% (9.4/11.4) of the patients. However, 2 perforators showed decreases in flow velocity after PTA. Conclusion: In most patients with chronic lower leg wounds and other comorbidities, adequate perforators for reconstruction can be identified by using conventional methods. PTA interventions positively impact blood flow in perforators, although they are not necessarily required prior to reconstruction