Развитие критического мышления у учащихся среднеобразовательных школ как стратегический приоритет современного образования: цели, задачи, результаты

The National Federal Education Standards define critical thinking skills as one of the main features of the “school graduate’s portrait“. In this regard, critical thinking skills, the efficiency of which on each level can be evaluated with specific criteria, should be properly defined in national standards and programs. This article provides an analysis of foreign experience (Singapore, Finland, Hong Kong, and Australia) in critical thinking development as a possible way of implementing critical thinking ideology in Russian school education. The author makes an attempt to define a set of requirements for determination of the main criteria of the critical thinking skills development, and suggest some methods for critical thinking assessment to be used by the authors of the National Federal Education StandardsФедеральные государственные стандарты образования определяют навыки критического мышления как одну из основных черт «портрета выпускника школы». В этом отношении навыки критического мышления, эффективность которых на каждом уровне может быть оценена с помощью специальных критериев, должны быть определены в государственных стандартах и программах. Данная статья представляет анализ зарубежного опыта (Сингапур, Финляндия, Гонконг и Австралия) развития критического мышления как возможный способ реализации идеологии критического мышления в российском школьном образовании. Автор предпринимает попытку определить ряд требований к обозначению основных критериев развития навыков критического мышления и предлагает некоторые методы оценки критического мышления, которые могли бы быть использованы авторами федеральных государственных стандарто

Lethal Outcome of Leptospirosis in Southern Russia: Characterization of Leptospira Interrogans Isolated from a Deсeased Teenager

This article describes a lethal case of leptospirosis that occurred in Southern Russia. The Leptospira strain was isolated and characterized using a microscopic agglutination test, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, targeted PCR, and high-throughput sequencing. We show that molecular and mass-spectrometry methods can be an alternative to conventional methods of leptospirosis diagnostics and Leptospira study, which require highly qualified staff and can be performed only at specialized laboratories. We also report the first whole genome of L. interrogans isolated in Russia

Развитие критического мышления у учащихся среднеобразовательных школ как стратегический приоритет современного образования: цели, задачи, результаты

The National Federal Education Standards define critical thinking skills as one of the main features of the “school graduate’s portrait“. In this regard, critical thinking skills, the efficiency of which on each level can be evaluated with specific criteria, should be properly defined in national standards and programs. This article provides an analysis of foreign experience (Singapore, Finland, Hong Kong, and Australia) in critical thinking development as a possible way of implementing critical thinking ideology in Russian school education. The author makes an attempt to define a set of requirements for determination of the main criteria of the critical thinking skills development, and suggest some methods for critical thinking assessment to be used by the authors of the National Federal Education StandardsФедеральные государственные стандарты образования определяют навыки критического мышления как одну из основных черт «портрета выпускника школы». В этом отношении навыки критического мышления, эффективность которых на каждом уровне может быть оценена с помощью специальных критериев, должны быть определены в государственных стандартах и программах. Данная статья представляет анализ зарубежного опыта (Сингапур, Финляндия, Гонконг и Австралия) развития критического мышления как возможный способ реализации идеологии критического мышления в российском школьном образовании. Автор предпринимает попытку определить ряд требований к обозначению основных критериев развития навыков критического мышления и предлагает некоторые методы оценки критического мышления, которые могли бы быть использованы авторами федеральных государственных стандарто

Molecular Typing, Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence Profiling and Analysis of Whole-Genome Sequence of Clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates

Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the most important pathogens concerned with multidrug resistance in healthcare-associated infections. The treating of infections caused by this bacterium is complicated due to the emergence and rapid spreading of carbapenem-resistant strains, which are associated with high mortality rates. Recently, several hypervirulent and carbapenemase-producing isolates were reported that make the situation even more complicated. In order to better understand the resistance and virulence mechanisms, and, in turn, to develop effective treatment strategies for the infections caused by multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae, more comprehensive genomic and phenotypic data are required. Here, we present the first detailed molecular epidemiology report based on second and third generation (long-read) sequencing for the clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae in the Russian Federation. The data include three schemes of molecular typing, phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic resistance determination, as well as the virulence and plasmid profiling for 36 K. pneumoniae isolates. We have revealed 2 new multilocus sequence typing (MLST)-based sequence types, 32 multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates and 5 colistin-resistant isolates in our samples. Three MDR isolates belonged to a very rare ST377 type. The whole genome sequences and additional data obtained will greatly facilitate further investigations in the field of antimicrobial resistance studies

Comparative Analysis of Library Preparation Approaches for SARS-CoV-2 Genome Sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq Platform

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been responsible for over two years of the COVID-19 pandemic and a global health emergency. Genomic surveillance plays a key role in overcoming the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic despite its relative successive waves and the continuous emergence of new variants. Many technological approaches are currently applied for the whole genome sequencing (WGS) of SARS-CoV-2. They differ in key stages of the process, and they feature some differences in genomic coverage, sequencing depth, and in the accuracy of variant-calling options. In this study, three different protocols for SARS-CoV-2 WGS library construction are compared: an amplicon-based protocol with a commercial primer panel; an amplicon-based protocol with a custom panel; and a hybridization capture protocol. Specific differences in sequencing depth and genomic coverage as well as differences in SNP number were found. The custom panel showed suitable results and a predictable output applicable for the epidemiological surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 variants

Draft genomes of Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from human feces before and after eradication therapy against Helicobacter pylori

The abundance of Enterococci in the human intestinal microbiota environment is usually < 0.1% of the total bacterial fraction. The multiple resistance to antibiotics of the opportunistic Enterococcus spp. is alarming for the world medical community because of their high prevalence among clinically significant strains of microorganisms. Enterococci are able to collect different mobile genetic elements and transmit resistance to antibiotics to wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative species of microorganisms, including the transmission of vancomycin resistance to methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. The number of infections caused by antibiotics resistant strains of Enterococcus spp. is increasing. Here we present a draft genomes of Enterococcus faecium strains. These strains were isolated from human feces before and after (1 month) Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy. The samples were subject to whole-genome sequencing using Illumina HiSeq. 2500 platform. The data is available at NCBI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA412824

Data on gut metagenomes of the patients with Helicobacter pylori infection before and after the antibiotic therapy

Antibiotic therapy can lead to the disruption of gut microbiota community with possible negative outcomes for human health. One of the diseases for which the treatment scheme commonly included antibiotic intake is Helicobacter pylori infection. The changes in taxonomic and functional composition of microbiota in patients can be assessed using “shotgun” metagenomic sequencing. Ten stool samples were collected from 4 patients with Helicobacter pylori infection before and directly after the H. pylori eradication course. Additionally, for two of the subjects, the samples were collected 1 month after the end of the treatment. The samples were subject to “shotgun” (whole-genome) metagenomic sequencing using Illumina HiSeq platform. The reads are deposited in the ENA (project ID: PRJEB18265)

Data on gut metagenomes of the patients with Helicobacter pylori infection before and after the antibiotic therapy

Antibiotic therapy can lead to the disruption of gut microbiota community with possible negative outcomes for human health. One of the diseases for which the treatment scheme commonly included antibiotic intake is Helicobacter pylori infection. The changes in taxonomic and functional composition of microbiota in patients can be assessed using “shotgun” metagenomic sequencing. Ten stool samples were collected from 4 patients with Helicobacter pylori infection before and directly after the H. pylori eradication course. Additionally, for two of the subjects, the samples were collected 1 month after the end of the treatment. The samples were subject to “shotgun” (whole-genome) metagenomic sequencing using Illumina HiSeq platform. The reads are deposited in the ENA (project ID: PRJEB18265)

Lethal Outcome of Leptospirosis in Southern Russia : Characterization of Leptospira Interrogans Isolated from a Deceased Teenager

This article describes a lethal case of leptospirosis that occurred in Southern Russia. TheLeptospirastrain was isolated and characterized using a microscopic agglutination test, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, targeted PCR, and high-throughput sequencing. We show that molecular and mass-spectrometry methods can be an alternative to conventional methods of leptospirosis diagnostics andLeptospirastudy, which require highly qualified staff and can be performed only at specialized laboratories. We also report the first whole genome ofL.interrogansisolated in Russia

Integrated Jingmenvirus Polymerase Gene in <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> Genome

Members of the jingmenviruses group have been found in arthropods and mammals on all continents except Australia and Antarctica. Two viruses of this group were isolated from patients with fever after a tick bite. Using a nested RT-PCR assay targeting a jingmenvirus polymerase gene fragment, we screened ticks collected in seven regions of Russia and found that the abundant jingmenvirus-positive were of Ixodes ricinus species, with the prevalence ranging from 19.8% to 34.3%. In all cases, DNase/RNase treatment suggested that the detected molecule was DNA and subsequent next generation sequencing (NGS) proved that the viral polymerase gene was integrated in the I. ricinus genome. The copy number of the integrated polymerase gene was quantified by qPCR relative to the ITS2 gene and estimated as 1.32 copies per cell. At least three different genetic variants of the integrated polymerase gene were found in the territory of Russia. Phylogenetic analysis of the integrated jingmenvirus polymerase gene showed the highest similarity with the sequence of the correspondent gene obtained in Serbia from I. ricinus