Towards Deep Learning with Competing Generalisation Objectives

The unreasonable effectiveness of Deep Learning continues to deliver unprecedented Artificial Intelligence capabilities to billions of people. Growing datasets and technological advances keep extending the reach of expressive model architectures trained through efficient optimisations. Thus, deep learning approaches continue to provide increasingly proficient subroutines for, among others, computer vision and natural interaction through speech and text. Due to their scalable learning and inference priors, higher performance is often gained cost-effectively through largely automatic training. As a result, new and improved capabilities empower more people while the costs of access drop. The arising opportunities and challenges have profoundly influenced research. Quality attributes of scalable software became central desiderata of deep learning paradigms, including reusability, efficiency, robustness and safety. Ongoing research into continual, meta- and robust learning aims to maximise such scalability metrics in addition to multiple generalisation criteria, despite possible conflicts. A significant challenge is to satisfy competing criteria automatically and cost-effectively. In this thesis, we introduce a unifying perspective on learning with competing generalisation objectives and make three additional contributions. When autonomous learning through multi-criteria optimisation is impractical, it is reasonable to ask whether knowledge of appropriate trade-offs could make it simultaneously effective and efficient. Informed by explicit trade-offs of interest to particular applications, we developed and evaluated bespoke model architecture priors. We introduced a novel architecture for sim-to-real transfer of robotic control policies by learning progressively to generalise anew. Competing desiderata of continual learning were balanced through disjoint capacity and hierarchical reuse of previously learnt representations. A new state-of-the-art meta-learning approach is then proposed. We showed that meta-trained hypernetworks efficiently store and flexibly reuse knowledge for new generalisation criteria through few-shot gradient-based optimisation. Finally, we characterised empirical trade-offs between the many desiderata of adversarial robustness and demonstrated a novel defensive capability of implicit neural networks to hinder many attacks simultaneously

Clinical and technical aspects in the treatment of partial edentation by implant

Rezumat. Este prezentat analiza a trei metode de fixare a protezelor fixe unidentare implantopuratate unde am analizat cantitatea de ciment ce refluează în afara liniei de conexiune dintre abutmentul standart, abutment individual hybrid şi înşurubare, cu ajutorul metodei fotometrice. Acest studiu s-a efectuat pe cadru tripodic, la aceiaşi distanţă, unghi, parametrii, lumină şi folosind aceiaşi cantitate de ciment în fiecare coroană. Calibrarea s-a efectuat cu ajutorul unui analog calibrat. În rezultatul cercetării am observat că cantitatea de ciment ce refluează în afara liniei de conexiune dintre abutmentul standart, abutment individual hybrid şi coroana este diferit.Summary. Was made the analysis of three methods of prosthesis fixing on the implants, where we analyzed the amount of cement reflecting off the connection line between the standard abutment, individual hybrid abutment and screwing, using the photometric method. This study was performed on a tripod frame, at the same distance, angle, parameters, light and using the same amount of cement in each crown. Calibration was performed using a calibrated analog. As a result of the research we noticed that the amount of cement reflecting off the connection line between the standard abutment, individual hybrid abutment and the crown is different

On interoperability of research information based on CERIF in the Republic of Moldova

The paper is dedicated to the interoperability of research information based on the Common European Research Information Format (CERIF) and its realization in the Republic of Moldova by adapting it to local needs and realities

On some classes of formulas in S5 which are pre-complete relative to existential expressibility

Existential expressibility for all $k$-valued functions was proposed by A.~V. Kuz\-ne\-tsov and later was investigated in more details by S.~S.~Mar\-chen\-kov. In the present paper, we consider existential expressibility in the case of formulas defined by a logical calculus and find out some conditions for a system of formulas to be closed relative to existential expressibility. As a consequence, it has been established some pre-complete as to existential expressibility classes of formulas in some finite extensions of the paraconsistent modal logic $S5$

Contemporary clinical and technological aspects of the metal carcasses of fixed dentures

Department of Orthopedic Dentistry Ilarion Postoachi, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy of the Republic of MoldovaIntroduction. The development of technology forces us to analyze the manufacturing techniques we use daily. Thus, classical manufacturing techniques are increasingly being replaced by automated production systems that optimize the quality and accuracy of finished work. Initially, the casting technique was based on gold alloys, which were replaced by alloys such as nickelchromium (Ni-Cr) and cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr). In the last decade, new manufacturing processes using computer-aided design / computer-aided manufacturing (CAD / CAM) are becoming increasingly important for producing biomedical devices and dental prostheses. Co-Cr alloy dental carcasses can be manufactured using two technologies based on CAD / CAM processing: substrate manufacturing and addition manufacturing. Aim of the study. Comparative evaluation of contemporary technological processes in order to optimize the use of fixed dental prosthesis with metal casing. Materials and methods. The present work is based on the results of the complex clinical, paraclinical and prosthetic treatment with fixed works of 10 patients (6 m., 4 w.) and the analysis of the ambulatory files of 50 patients (32 m., 18 w.) with the age between 35 and 65 years, with different types of edentation. Selection of patients included: patients with severe systemic disease, patients with dental injuries coronary patients with fixed dentures, partial edentation patients with different classes according to Kennedy of maxilla and mandible, patients with financial means. In order to study comparatively different metal carcass manufacturing technologies, a Geller study model was developed, the metal mobilizable bin being standard. On this metallic shroud the metal carcass was made by three techniques (casting, milling and SLM). The obtained metal carcasses have been scanned and studied electronically in order to obtain objective data on the comparative accuracy of metallic constructions. Results. According to the data obtained at the end of the study it was found that following scanning and electronic measurements, we obtained the following data: the size of the standard bin V-O 8,435 mm M-D 6,752 mm. Metal frames were made and the internal part measured by casting method the V-O 8,545mm M-D 6,944mm; by SLM printing method V-O 8,305 mm M-D 6,702 mm; by milling method V-O 8,438 mm M-D 6,748 mm. Conclusions. Following the study and obtaining the electronic measurements of all Co-Cr alloy metal carcasses in order to make the fixed works by various manufacturing techniques (casting, milling and SLM) it was proved that all the techniques fall within the clinically acceptable range (<120 μm). The automated metal carcassing system is more precise than the classic technique, which motivate us to switch to automated dental prostheses