Образное и красочное изображение мира в современной женской прозе

The article presents the results of the analysis of tops and color vocabulary in modern women's prose. A detailed comparison of the subject and the image of the comparison in the works of V. Tokareva, D. Ruina, O. Slavnikova, I. Muravyova and many other women authors of the XXI century is given in this article. The metaphoric of women's prose and the positions of the metaphorical and non-metaphorical components of the image are investigated. In the context of the tropes (epithet, comparison, metaphor), the color preferences of women writers are presented, so the coloratives are often presented as part of these figurative means and perform a specific function.El artículo presenta los resultados del análisis de vocabulario de tops y colores en la prosa moderna de las mujeres. En este artículo se presenta una comparación detallada del tema y la imagen de la comparación en los trabajos de V. Tokareva, D. Ruina, O. Slavnikova, I. Muravyova y muchas otras mujeres del siglo XXI. Se investigan la metafórica de la prosa de las mujeres y las posiciones de los componentes metafóricos y no metafóricos de la imagen. En el contexto de los tropos (epíteto, comparación, metáfora), se presentan las preferencias de color de las escritoras, por lo que los colorantes se presentan a menudo como parte de estos medios figurativos y cumplen una función específica.В статье представлены результаты анализа вершин и цветовой лексики в современной женской прозе. Подробное сравнение предмета и изображения сравнения в работах В. Токарева, Д. Руины, О. Славниковой, И. Муравьевой и многих других женщин-авторов XXI века. Исследована метафорическая женская проза и позиции метафорических и неметафорических составляющих образа. В контексте тропов (эпитет, сравнение, метафора) представлены цветовые предпочтения женщин-писателей, поэтому колоритивы часто представлены как часть этих образных средств и выполняют определенную функцию

First record of the invasive mosquito species Aedes koreicus (Diptera, Culicidae) in the Republic of Kazakhstan

The natural distribution range of Aedes koreicus is Korea, China, Japan, and the Russian Far East. Since 2008, this species has been recorded as an invasive species in some European countries (Belgium, European Russia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Slovenia, and Switzerland). The invasive mosquito species Ae. koreicus is reported from the Republic of Kazakhstan for the first time. Its morphological identification was confirmed by molecular-genetic analyses of ND4 sequences using specific primers. Aedes koreicus larvae were found in an artificial water reservoir together with the larvae of Culiseta longiareolata and Culex pipiens s.l. Aedes koreicus successfully overwintered in Almaty at low winter temperatures in 2018–2019. This suggests that the Ae. koreicus acclimation capacity is greater than it has been considered until now. We assume that Ae. koreicus will spread over the west and south of the Republic of Kazakhstan and territories of Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan Republics bordering the Almaty region

First record of the invasive mosquito species Aedes koreicus (Diptera, Culicidae) in the Republic of Kazakhstan

The natural distribution range of Aedes koreicus is Korea, China, Japan, and the Russian Far East. Since 2008, this species has been recorded as an invasive species in some European countries (Belgium, European Russia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Slovenia, and Switzerland). The invasive mosquito species Ae. koreicus is reported from the Republic of Kazakhstan for the first time. Its morphological identification was confirmed by molecular-genetic analyses of ND4 sequences using specific primers. Aedes koreicus larvae were found in an artificial water reservoir together with the larvae of Culiseta longiareolata and Culex pipiens s.l. Aedes koreicus successfully overwintered in Almaty at low winter temperatures in 2018–2019. This suggests that the Ae. koreicus acclimation capacity is greater than it has been considered until now. We assume that Ae. koreicus will spread over the west and south of the Republic of Kazakhstan and territories of Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan Republics bordering the Almaty region

A small-molecule inhibitor of TRPC5 ion channels suppresses progressive kidney disease in animal models

Progressive kidney diseases are often associated with scarring of the kidney’s filtration unit, a condition called focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). This scarring is due to loss of podocytes, cells critical for glomerular filtration, and leads to proteinuria and kidney failure. Inherited forms of FSGS are caused by Rac1-activating mutations, and Rac1 induces TRPC5 ion channel activity and cytoskeletal remodeling in podocytes. Whether TRPC5 activity mediates FSGS onset and progression is unknown. We identified a small molecule, AC1903, that specifically blocks TRPC5 channel activity in glomeruli of proteinuric rats. Chronic administration of AC1903 suppressed severe proteinuria and prevented podocyte loss in a transgenic rat model of FSGS. AC1903 also provided therapeutic benefit in a rat model of hypertensive proteinuric kidney disease. These data indicate that TRPC5 activity drives disease and that TRPC5 inhibitors may be valuable for the treatment of progressive kidney diseases.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant DK095045)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant DK099465)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant DK103658)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant DK083511)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant DK093746

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

Выращивание культур кедра сибирского в условиях повреждаемости дикими животными

Исследования 26-летних культур кедра сибирского, созданного биогруппами (около 300 шт./га), по 2–5 растений через 4–9 сеянцев ели сибирской в ряду, показали, что повреждение лосями здесь значительно меньше, чем в изученных нами ранее чистых культурах кедра и культурах, смешанных с сосной обыкновенной. Доля биогрупп с поврежденными кедрами составила 18 %, из них 1/3 – с повреждением всех деревьев. Наиболее выражено это в биогруппах с 4–5 кедрами и при частом чередовании биогрупп в ряду. Живых кедров сохранилось 76 %, из них без повреждения стволика – 89,3 %, почти 2/3 (около 500 шт./га) находятся в кроне смежных с биогруппой деревьев ели. Длительное пребывание кедра в кроне ели негативно отражается на росте его осевого побега и кроны. Впервые для условий Среднего Урала нами предложен новый способ выращивания устойчивых производительных культур кедра сибирского с елью сибирской (возможно с елью европейской). Кедр высаживают биогруппами по 2–3 сеянца, начало их расположения строго с одной стороны участка. Первую биогруппу в нечетных рядах (1, 2, 3, 5 и т. д.) размещают через 3 сеянца ели от начала ряда, вторую и последующие биогруппы в этих рядах – через 9 сеянцев ели. В четных рядах (2, 4, 6, 8 и т. д.) первую биогруппу располагают через 9 сеянцев ели от начала ряда, сохраняя эту последовательность до конца ряда. Каждый ряд смешанных культур завершается не менее чем 3 сеянцами ели. При лесоводственных уходах сплошь удаляют естественное возобновление: хвойные породы – с помощью механических средств, а лиственные – путем кольцевания или инъекции экологически безопасных химических препаратов на водной основе. Это уменьшает либо исключает появление поросли и, соответственно, кормовую базу для диких животных. Ели, смежные с биогруппой кедра, вырубают при прочистке и прореживании, что создает возможность для роста кедра. На данный способ выращивания культур кедра сибирского с елью сибирской получен патент. Способ может быть внедрен в лесокультурную практику во всей таежной зоне, где выращивают кедр

The Phenomenon of the Cross-Resistance of Breast Cancer to Target and Hormonal Drugs: The Role of Epigenetic Reconstruction

The rearrangement of molecular pathways and the activation of bypass signaling determine the progression of tumor cell resistance to various drugs that specifically block target signaling proteins. The present work was performed on the MCF-7 breast cancer cells and established sublines, resistant to mTOR inhibitor rapamycin or antiestrogen tamoxifen, developed under prolonged cell treatment with rapamycin or tamoxifen, respectively. We have shown that both resistant sublines demonstrate the cross-resistance to rapamycin and tamoxifen and are characterized with the common signaling changes, namely—blocking of the estrogen receptor α (ERα) transcriptional activity and constitutive activation of Akt signaling. Analysis of the epigenetic machinery revealed the drastic suppression of the level of DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) in both the resistant sublines that were correlated with the demethylation of the LINE-1 repeats. Knockdown of the DNMT3A via siRNA results in the progression of partial resistance of MCF-7 cells to both tamoxifen and rapamycin, supporting the important role of DNA methylation in the formation of the resistant phenotype. Totally, the results obtained highlight the possible mechanism of the tumor cell resistance to targeting/hormonal drugs based on the rearrangement of DNA methylation profile and activation of the bypass signaling pathways

Epidemiological significance of detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA among different groups of population of Moscow and Moscow Region during the COVID-19 outbreak

The Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor presents priority data obtained from the largescale population PCR-based study of the changes in the rates of circulation of SARS-CoV-2 among relatively healthy residents of Moscow and Moscow Region