Revealing the Distribution of Ion Transport Peptide and the Function of its Prospective Second Messengers on the Hindgut of the Adult Mosquito, Aedes aegypti

The insect excretory system includes the Malpighian tubules and hindgut, and plays a vital role in maintaining hydromineral balance of the haemolymph. Unfortunately, ion and water transport mechanisms in the hindgut of insects are not well understood. In the locust, Schistocerca gregaria, Ion Transport Peptide (ITP) was the first characterized antidiuretic factor shown to act on the hindgut. The present study aimed to delineate the function of ITP, and its proposed second messengers, cAMP and cGMP, on the hindgut of the adult mosquito, Aedes aegypti. In order to generate an ITP recombinant peptide, an endocrine-derived cell culture system involving mouse anterior pituitary (AtT-20) cells was used to transiently express A. aegypti ITP (AedaeITP). Wholemount immunohistochemistry of the central nervous system revealed ITP-like immunoreactivity in the brain, thoracic ganglia, and within the abdominal ganglia of adult A. aegypti. Using the scanning ion-selective electrode technique, the influence of recombinant AedaeITP, cAMP, and cGMP on cation transport across the hindgut was investigated. Results indicate that application of cAMP generally promoted sodium ion absorption, while it generally inhibited potassium ion absorption. Conversely, cGMP generally promoted sodium ion secretion

Preface on laser material interactions: from basic science to industrial applications (LaserMaterInter2020)

International audienc

COMPARATIVE PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE RELICT SPECIES LIGULARIA SIBIRICA (L.) CASS. IN THE WESTERN SECTOR OF THE BUCEGI MOUNTAINS

The glacial periods with numerous successive climatic oscillations and simultaneously with major changes at the ecological level have determined over time the migration of a significant number of species in search for optimal survival conditions. Through these species it can be found the subject of the present paper, Ligularia sibirica (L.) Cass. The aim of this paper is to present the species of community importance Ligularia sibirica (L.) Cass. integrated in two vegetal associations from Romania, within the Bucegi Natural Park in Zănoagei Gorges: Ligulario sibiricae - Ribetum petraei Neblea et Alexiu 2003 and Asperulo capitatae - Seslerietum rigidae (Zólyomi1939) Coldea (1991). The purpose of this paper is the comparative study of the two associations from the biodiversity, taxonomy, bioforms and geoelements point of view and their analysis in terms of genetic structure. The Ellenberg index analysis complements this study, with a significant detail of the ecological structural evolution in time on the studied populations. Analysis of the Ellenberg indices includes factors such as light, temperature, humidity, soil reaction and nitrogen content. The work also includes an analysis of the conservation and biodiversity status offered by the two studied associations in which Ligularia sibirica (L.) Cass. relict species is part of. In order to highlight the biodiversity degree, the number of the existing individuals in each association will be specified as well as the phenological condition from the moment of study

HISTORICAL RESEARCH OF LIGULARIA GENUS – OVERVIEW

The viability of the rare plant species populations, including also the relict species, indicates a population decline due to the independent or simultaneous action of several factors such as: habitat quality, population size and genetic diversity. This paper aims to synthesize the studies conducted over time both on Ligularia sibirica species and Ligularia genus. The main objective of the paper is to identify the following research steps necessary for the optimal characterization, monitoring and conservation of the studied species and of its related populations. Ligularia genus includes species adapted to different climatic and environmental conditions from the European and Asian continent. Following the collected scientific material which holds data about L. sibirica, the author found a total of 166 bibliographic sources, of which 107 belong to Romania. The number of scientific materials found in Romania is correlated with the distribution of the L. sibirica species in the country. At European and Asian level, have been carried out phytosociology, genetics, biochemistry, biotechnology and phytopathology studies on Ligularia, while in our country taxonomic studies predominate, being part of some floristic surveys, monographs, etc., which need to be updated and completed. It can be noticed that biochemical and cytotoxical studies could bring new perspectives on L. sibirica benefits

At The Intersection of Probation and Jail Reduction Efforts: Findings on Probation, Jail, and Transitional Housing Trends in Pima County, Arizona

Reducing jail populations – and the collateral consequences of criminal legal system involvement – requires jurisdictions to critically examine why and how people are entering the system to begin with. Much of the research around jail reform focuses on the pretrial population; however, with rising numbers o individuals under probation supervision and jail commonly being used to detain those awaiting a hearing on a probation violation, reform efforts to understand how violations contribute to the overall jail population are essential. To learn more about the impact probation revocations have on jails and to advance promising strategies to address them, CUNY ISLG funded the Urban Institute through the Safety and Justice Challenge (SJC) to conduct a mixed-methods study on how people on probation end up in jail incarceration and the impact of a program aimed at improving these outcomes with transitional housing support through the Adult Probation Department (APD) in Pima County, Arizona. Using administrative data from the Pima County Jail and APD, case record reviews, and interviews with APD leadership, probation officers, judges, community-based housing providers, and people on probation, this study aimed to decipher the system-level trends in jail incarceration for probation violations and the key pathways to jail incarceration for those individuals currently on probation. It also sought to understand the impact of the transitional housing support program on short and long-term outcomes for people on probation receiving funding from APD for transitional housing

Closing Youth Prisons: Lessons from Agency Administrators

Communities across the United States are fundamentally transforming their approach to juvenile justice services, moving away from outdated youth prisons and investing in community-based solutions. Juvenile justice system administrators are uniquely positioned to lead facility closure efforts as part of broader system reform and many are leading by example. In the summer of 2018, the Urban Institute convened a small group of current and former administrators who had successfully led closure efforts to discuss lessons learned and share their advice with others considering reform. Participants suggested four key strategies: maximize windows of opportunity; strategically partner with advocates; collaborate with youth, families, and other stakeholders; and use data and research to make the case for closure and combat counterproductive narratives. This brief describes the recommendations they offered and illustrates each with real-world examples from across the country

Characteristics of public service in Romania

The reform of government’s institutions must be a priority forthe Romanian State. This process cannot be achieved without a properdevelopment of public service. This paper outlines a number of features of the public service related to civil employee satisfaction, features of competitions to occupy and promote employment in the public service and the vertical and horizontal mobility of civil servants. For the purposes of calculating statistical indicators, data series have been utilised, obtained from the application of a statistical survey at the level of a sample from the public administration