From music making to affective well-being in everyday life. The mediating role of need satisfaction

How music can provide a pathway to affective well-being has mostly been investigated with regard to listening to music or music therapy. Comparatively, less is known about the effects of active music making on well-being in everyday life or its underlying mechanisms. Self-Determination Theory emphasizes the importance of fulfillment of the needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness for well-being and offers a valuable framework for explaining the postulated link between music making and well-being. In the present daily diary study, 1,042 hobby musicians (age range 13 to 82 years; 65.3% female) completed online assessments of their music making, need fulfillment, and positive and negative affect each day for 10 consecutive days. Results showed that need satisfaction and positive affect were higher, while need dissatisfaction and negative affect were lower on days when participants reported music making. Multilevel structural equation models indicated that the effect of music making on positive affect was mediated by satisfaction of all three needs, with statistically significant indirect effects via autonomy and competence at both the within- and between person level, and relatedness only at the between-person level. There were no statistically significant mediation effects for negative affect. This study is the first to provide evidence for higher affective well-being of hobby musicians on days of music making. Results further suggest satisfaction of basic psychological needs as a mediating mechanism and emphasize the importance to distinguish between indicators of positive functioning (positive affect, need satisfaction) and negative functioning (negative affect, need dissatisfaction). (DIPF/Orig.

What do you (think you) need? Perceived vs. experienced effects of need fulfillment on well-being

We compared two approaches towards assessing inter-individual differences in the effect of satisfaction and frustration of basic needs (autonomy, competence, relatedness) on well-being: perceived need effects (beliefs about the effect of need fulfillment on one\u27s well-being) and experienced need effects (the within-person coupling of need fulfillment and well-being). In two studies (total N = 1281), participants reported perceived need effects in a multidimensional way. In Study 2, daily need fulfillment and affective well-being were additionally assessed (daily-diary study; ten days). Associations between perceived and experienced need effects were significant (albeit small) for all three frustration dimensions, but only for one satisfaction dimension (relatedness), suggesting that they capture different constructs and might be related to different outcomes. (DIPF/Orig.

A Systematic Review of Approximability Results for Traveling Salesman Problems leveraging the TSP-T3CO Definition Scheme

The traveling salesman (or salesperson) problem, short TSP, is a problem of strong interest to many researchers from mathematics, economics, and computer science. Manifold TSP variants occur in nearly every scientific field and application domain: engineering, physics, biology, life sciences, and manufacturing just to name a few. Several thousand papers are published on theoretical research or application-oriented results each year. This paper provides the first systematic survey on the best currently known approximability and inapproximability results for well-known TSP variants such as the "standard" TSP, Path TSP, Bottleneck TSP, Maximum Scatter TSP, Generalized TSP, Clustered TSP, Traveling Purchaser Problem, Profitable Tour Problem, Quota TSP, Prize-Collecting TSP, Orienteering Problem, Time-dependent TSP, TSP with Time Windows, and the Orienteering Problem with Time Windows. The foundation of our survey is the definition scheme T3CO, which we propose as a uniform, easy-to-use and extensible means for the formal and precise definition of TSP variants. Applying T3CO to formally define the variant studied by a paper reveals subtle differences within the same named variant and also brings out the differences between the variants more clearly. We achieve the first comprehensive, concise, and compact representation of approximability results by using T3CO definitions. This makes it easier to understand the approximability landscape and the assumptions under which certain results hold. Open gaps become more evident and results can be compared more easily

Psychological structure and neuroendocrine patterns of daily stress appraisals

Threat and challenge are two fundamental appraisal concepts of psychological stress theories, determined by the mismatch between demands and resources. Previous research has predominantly investigated the neuroendocrine correlates of stress appraisal in laboratory contexts during acute demanding situations. We tested whether the psychoneuroendocrinology of stress appraisals can also be investigated in naturalistic trans-contextual everyday life settings. Forty-two participants produced five daily saliva samples and provided concurrent questionnaire data on subjective stress, demands, resources, and the threat-challenge continuum over the course of five days (69% female; mean age = 22.8, range = 18-30 years). Momentary salivary cortisol and alpha amylase were predicted with three-level autoregressive linear mixed models. We found that both momentary cortisol and alpha amylase were elevated during higher subjective stress. In contrast, cortisol was not significantly related to a bipolar threat-challenge indicator. Moreover within-person response surface analyses showed no effect of the mismatch between demands and resources on either physiological stress indicator, but confirmed theoretically proposed effects on subjective threat-challenge, which was replicated in another intensive longitudinal (N = 61) and a large cross-sectional sample (N = 1194). In sum, our study (a) suggests robust relations between subjective stress and HPA/SAM axis activity on a moment-to-moment basis and (b) confirms theoretical predictions concerning stress appraisal and the mismatch between demands and resources on a psychological level. In contrast, no neuroendocrine patterns of threat-challenge were found, suggesting that neuroendocrine patterns might be context-specific and do not apply to a general demand-resource imbalance in everyday life. (DIPF/Orig.

Telemonitoring in patients with chronic heart failure and moderate depressed symptoms: results of the Telemedical Interventional Monitoring in Heart Failure (TIM‐HF) study

Aims: Depression is a frequent comorbidity in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Telemonitoring has emerged as a novel option in CHF care. However, patients with depression have been excluded in most telemedicine studies. This pre-specified subgroup analysis of the Telemedical Interventional Monitoring in Heart Failure (TIM-HF) trial investigates the effect of telemonitoring on depressive symptoms over a period of 12 months. Methods and results: The TIM-HF study randomly assigned 710 patients with CHF to either usual care (UC) or a telemedical intervention (TM) using non-invasive devices for daily monitoring electrocardiogram, blood pressure and body weight. Depression was evaluated by the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) with scores ≥10 defining clinically relevant depressive symptoms. Mixed model repeated measures were performed to calculate changes in PHQ-9 score. Quality of life was measured by the Short Form-36. At baseline, 156 patients had a PHQ-9 score ≥10 points (TM: 79, UC: 77) with a mean of 13.2 points indicating moderate depressiveness. Patients randomized to telemedicine showed an improvement of their PHQ-9 scores, whereas UC patients remained constant (P = 0.004). Quality of life parameters were improved in the TM group compared to UC. Adjustment was performed for follow-up, New York Heart Association class, medication, age, current living status, number of hospitalizations within the last 12 months and serum creatinine. In the study population without depression, the PHQ-9 score was similar at baseline and follow-up. Conclusion: Telemedical care improved depressive symptoms and had a positive influence on quality of life in patients with CHF and moderate depression

[I] Localised, ephemeral grounding of the Fimbul Ice Shelf, East Antarctica, as revealed from tidally modulated cryoseismicity

The Tenth Symposium on Polar Science/Ordinary sessions: [OG] Polar Geosciences, Wed. 4 Dec. / 3F Seminar room, National Institute of Polar Researc

Engineered T Cells for the Adoptive Therapy of B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia

B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) remains an incurable disease due to the high risk of relapse, even after complete remission, raising the need to control and eliminate residual tumor cells in long term. Adoptive T cell therapy with genetically engineered specificity is thought to fulfil expectations, and clinical trials for the treatment of CLL are initiated. Cytolytic T cells from patients are redirected towards CLL cells by ex vivo engineering with a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) which binds to CD19 on CLL cells through an antibody-derived domain and triggers T cell activation through CD3ζ upon tumor cell engagement. Redirected T cells thereby target CLL cells in an MHC-unrestricted fashion, secret proinflammatory cytokines, and eliminate CD19+ leukaemia cells with high efficiency. Cytolysis of autologous CLL cells by patient's engineered T cells is effective, however, accompanied by lasting elimination of healthy CD19+ B-cells. In this paper we discuss the potential of the strategy in the treatment of CLL, the currently ongoing trials, and the future challenges in the adoptive therapy with CAR-engineered T cells

Ekonomisk analys av nyttjandet av Sveriges hav åren 2014–2020

Havet är inte bara viktigt för de organismer som lever i eller av det, utan står även för betydande ekonomiska värden. I denna rapport beskrivs Statistikmyndigheten SCB:s ekonomiska statistik från 2014–2020 för svenska näringar som är beroende av havet. Här beskrivs även värdet av nyttor kopplade till rekreation vid kusten, samt fiske. Dessutom beskrivs det totala ekonomiska värdet under förutsättning att God Miljöstatus skulle nås år 2040 i svenska vatten. Nettoomsättningen inom den maritima sektorn har ökade under sjuårsperioden 2014–2020. Det årliga genomsnittet av nettoomsättningen av de marina näringarna var 106 miljarder kronor, förädlingsvärdet 31 miljarder kronor och exporten 12 miljarder kronor. Nettoomsättningen av de maritima näringarna motsvarade cirka 2,1 procent, förädlingsvärdet cirka 0,6 procent, och exporten cirka 0,3 procent av Sveriges bruttonationalprodukt 2019 och 2020. I genomsnitt utgjorde transportsegmentet den största andelen av de maritima näringarna både avseende den totala nettoomsättningen och förädlingsvärdet, medan exporten dominerades av segmentet ”teknik och produktion”. Antal gästnätter i besöksanläggningar i kustområdet i hela riket ökade under sjuårsperioden 2014–2020. Störst antal gästnätter rapporterades från Egentliga Östersjön. Det kommersiella fisket ökade i landningsvärde 2014–2020, men antalet anställda i branschen minskade. Under samma period har det inte skett mer fritidsfiske, men kostnaderna har ökat. Betalningsviljan för att uppnå God Miljöstatus i svenska vatten har i tidigare studier skattats till 8,2 miljarder kronor. Medianvärdet för betalningsvilja var 500 kr per person och år, och medelvärdet var 1 075 kr per person och år

Non-Statistical Effects in Neutron Capture

There have been many reports of non-statistical effects in neutron-capture measurements. However, reports of deviations of reduced-neutron-width distributions from the expected Porter-Thomas (PT) shape largely have been ignored. Most of these deviations have been reported for odd-A nuclides. Because reliable spin (J) assignments have been absent for most resonances for such nuclides, it is possible that reported deviations from PT might be due to incorrect J assignments. We recently developed a new method for measuring spins of neutron resonances by using the DANCE detector at LANSCE. Measurements made with a 147Sm sample allowed us to determine spins of almost all known resonances below 1 keV. Furthermore, analysis of these data revealed that the reduced-neutron-width distribution was in good agreement with PT for resonances below 350 eV, but in disagreement with PT for resonances between 350 and 700 eV. Our previous (n,alpha) measurements had revealed that the alpha strength function also changes abruptly at this energy. There currently is no known explanation for these two non-statistical effects. Recently, we have developed another new method for determining the spins of neutron resonances. To implement this technique required a small change (to record pulse-height information for coincidence events) to a much simpler apparatus: A pair of C6D6 gamma-ray detectors which we have employed for many years to measure neutron-capture cross sections at ORELA. Measurements with a 95Mo sample revealed that not only does the method work very well for determining spins, but it also makes possible parity assignments. Taken together, these new techniques at LANSCE and ORELA could be very useful for further elucidation of non-statistical effects.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, for proceedings of CGS1

Relaxation dynamics of carbon nanotubes of enriched chiralities

In our work we combined experimental and theoretical investigations of the relaxation dynamics of the single wall carbon nanotubes (SW-CNTs) in solution samples with enriched chiralities of (7,5) and (7,6) species. In two-color pump-probe studies we observe three-exponential decay in the differential transmission spectra in the range of few picoseconds, tens of picoseconds, and hundreds of picoseconds. Decay curves are very similar for both SW-CNT chiralities under resonant excitation and probing of excited and ground state transition energies, respectively. Both types of tubes exhibit no changes in decay for the different excitation energies in the range ±50meV around the excited state. By tuning the probe pulse towards energies higher then ground state (up to +350meV) we observe acceleration of the first decay component from 5.8ps down to 1.6ps. Our experimental results are supported by time resolved microscopic calculations based on carbon nanotube Bloch equations proving the fast decay component behavior being dominated through scattering with acoustic phonons