313 research outputs found
The relationship between skeletal muscle mitochondrial citrate synthase activity and whole body oxygen uptake adaptations in response to exercise training.
Citrate synthase (CS) activity is a validated biomarker for mitochondrial density in skeletal muscle. CS activity is also used as a biochemical marker of the skeletal muscle oxidative adaptation to a training intervention, and a relationship between changes in whole body aerobic capacity and changes in CS activity is often assumed. However, this relationship and absolute values of CS and maximal oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]O(2max)) has never been assessed across different studies. A systematic PubMed search on literature published from 1983 to 2013 was performed. The search profile included: citrate, synthase, human, skeletal, muscle, training, not electrical stimulation, not in-vitro, not rats. Studies that reported changes in CS activity and [Formula: see text]O(2max) were included. Different training types and subject populations were analyzed independently to assess correlation between relative changes in [Formula: see text]O(2max) and CS activity. 70 publications with 97 intervention groups were included. There was a positive (r = 0.45) correlation (P < 0.001) between the relative change in [Formula: see text]O(2max) and the relative change in CS activity. All reported absolute values of CS and [Formula: see text]O(2max) did not correlate (r =- 0.07, n = 148, P = 0.4). Training induced changes in whole body oxidative capacity is matched by changes in muscle CS activity in a nearly 1:1 relationship. Absolute values of CS across different studies cannot be compared unless a standardized analytical method is used by all laboratories
Parameterized Analysis of Zero Voltage Switching in Resonant Converters for Optimal Electrode Layout of Piezoelectric Transformers
Structure and dynamics of water and lipid molecules in charged anionic DMPG lipid bilayer membranes
Lektieintegreret undervisning som middel til at nå folkeskolens mål
Folkeskolen i Danmark har til formål at udfordre alle elever, så de bliver så dygtige, som de kan. Den skal mindske betydningen af social baggrund i forhold til faglige resultater, og den skal styrke tilliden til og trivslen i folkeskolen. Lektier, som fænomen og arbejdsform, blev med reformen i 2013 for første gang i skolehistorien skrevet ind i en lovtekst. Det på trods af, at lektiedebatten siden 2007 har efterspurgt en lovgivningsmæssig præcisering af lektiernes funktion
Acute effects of ferumoxytol on regulation of renal hemodynamics and oxygenation
The superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle ferumoxytol is increasingly used
as intravascular contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This
study details the impact of ferumoxytol on regulation of renal hemodynamics
and oxygenation. In 10 anesthetized rats, a single intravenous injection of
isotonic saline (used as volume control) was followed by three consecutive
injections of ferumoxytol to achieve cumulative doses of 6, 10, and 41 mg
Fe/kg body mass. Arterial blood pressure, renal blood flow, renal cortical and
medullary perfusion and oxygen tension were continuously measured. Regulation
of renal hemodynamics and oxygenation was characterized by dedicated
interventions: brief periods of suprarenal aortic occlusion, hypoxia, and
hyperoxia. None of the three doses of ferumoxytol resulted in significant
changes in any of the measured parameters as compared to saline. Ferumoxytol
did not significantly alter regulation of renal hemodynamics and oxygenation
as studied by aortic occlusion and hypoxia. The only significant effect of
ferumoxytol at the highest dose was a blunting of the hyperoxia-induced
increase in arterial pressure. Taken together, ferumoxytol has only marginal
effects on the regulation of renal hemodynamics and oxygenation. This makes
ferumoxytol a prime candidate as contrast agent for renal MRI including the
assessment of renal blood volume fraction
Real-life efficacy of pregabalin for the treatment of peripheral neuropathic pain in daily clinical practice in Denmark:the NEP-TUNE study
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to provide evidence regarding the real-life efficacy of pregabalin in the treatment of peripheral neuropathic pain (NeP) in Denmark. METHODS: In this prospective, observational, noninterventional study, pregabalin (Lyrica(®)) was prescribed following usual clinical practice. Compared with baseline, the primary study end points after 3 months of observation were changes in 1) the average level of pain during the past week, 2) the worst level of pain during the past week, and 3) the least level of pain during the past week. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to perform paired analyses, and a multivariate regression analysis investigated factors driving change in pain. RESULTS: A total of 86 of the 128 patients included were regarded as efficacy evaluable (those completing 3 months of pregabalin treatment). Patients (59 years) were long-time sufferers of peripheral NeP, and 38% of them had comorbidities. The majority had previously been treated with tricyclic antidepressants or gabapentin. The average dose of pregabalin was 81.5 mg/d at baseline and 240 mg/d after 3 months. A clinically and statistically significant improvement of 2.2 points in the average level of pain intensity was found after 3 months. The higher the pain intensity at baseline, the higher was the reduction of the pain score. Positive results were also found for pain-related sleep interference, patients’ global impression of change, quality of life, and work and productivity impairment. Twenty-one patients reported 28 adverse events. CONCLUSION: This real-life study indicates that for some patients (two-thirds), addition of pregabalin for peripheral NeP helps to reduce their pain intensity significantly
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Molecular Characterization and Comparative Genomics of Clinical Hybrid Shiga Toxin-Producing and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC/ETEC) Strains in Sweden
Hybrid E. coli pathotypes are representing emerging public health threats with enhanced virulence from different pathotypes. Hybrids of Shiga toxin-producing and enterotoxigenic E. coli (STEC/ETEC) have been reported to be associated with diarrheal disease and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in humans. Here, we identified and characterized four clinical STEC/ETEC hybrids from diarrheal patients with or without fever or abdominal pain and healthy contact in Sweden. Rare stx2 subtypes were present in STEC/ETEC hybrids. Stx2 production was detectable in stx2a and stx2e containing strains. Different copies of ETEC virulence marker, sta gene, were found in two hybrids. Three sta subtypes, namely, sta1, sta4 and sta5 were designated, with sta4 being predominant. The hybrids represented diverse and rare serotypes (O15:H16, O187:H28, O100:H30, and O136:H12). Genome-wide phylogeny revealed that these hybrids exhibited close relatedness with certain ETEC, STEC/ETEC hybrid and commensal E. coli strains, implying the potential acquisition of Stx-phages or/and ETEC virulence genes in the emergence of STEC/ETEC hybrids. Given the emergence and public health significance of hybrid pathotypes, a broader range of virulence markers should be considered in the E. coli pathotypes diagnostics, and targeted follow up of cases is suggested to better understand the hybrid infection
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