Genome-wide association studies in sunflower : towards sclerotinia sclerotiorum and diaporthe/phomopsis resistance breeding

Diseases caused by necrotrophic fungi, such as the cosmopolitan Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and the Diaporthe/Phomopsis complex, are among the most destructive diseases of sunflower worldwide. The lack of complete resistance combined with the inefficiency of chemical control makes assisted breeding the best strategy for disease control. In this work, we present an integrated genome-wide association (GWA) study investigating the response of a diverse panel of sunflower inbred lines to both pathogens. Phenotypic data for Sclerotinia head rot (SHR) consisted of five disease descriptors (disease incidence, DI; disease severity, DS; area under the disease progress curve for DI, AUDPCI, and DS, AUDPCS; and incubation period, IP). Two disease descriptors (DI and DS) were evaluated for two manifestations of Diaporthe/Phomopsis: Phomopsis stem canker (PSC) and Phomopsis head rot (PHR). In addition, a principal component (PC) analysis was used to derive transformed phenotypes as inputs to a univariateGWA (PC-GWA). Genotypic data comprised a panel of 4269 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), generated via genotyping-by-sequencing. The GWA analysis revealed 24 unique marker–trait associations for SHR, 19 unique marker–trait associations for Diaporthe/Phomopsis diseases, and 7 markers associated with PC1 and PC2. No common markers were found for the response to the two pathogens. Nevertheless, epistatic interactions were identified between markers significantly associated with the response to S. sclerotiorum and Diaporthe/Phomopsis. This suggests that, while the main determinants of resistance may differ for the two pathogens, there could be an underlying common genetic basis. The exploration of regions physically close to the associated markers yielded 364 genes, of which 19 were predicted as putative disease resistance genes. This work presents the first simultaneous evaluation of two manifestations of Diaporthe/Phomopsis in sunflower, and undertakes a comprehensive GWA study by integrating PSC, PHR, and SHR data. The multiple regions identified, and their exploration to identify candidate genes, contribute not only to the understanding of the genetic basis of resistance, but also to the development of tools for assisted breeding.Instituto de BiotecnologíaFil: Filippi, Carla Valeria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Filippi, Carla Valeria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Corro Molas, Andres. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Anguil. Agencia de Extensión Rural General Pico; ArgentinaFil: Dominguez, Matías. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino; ArgentinaFil: Colombo, Denis Nahuel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Anguil; ArgentinaFil: Heinz, N. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi; ArgentinaFil: Troglia, Carolina Beatriz. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Maringolo, Carla Andrea. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Quiroz, Facundo Jose. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Alvarez, Daniel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi; ArgentinaFil: Lia, Veronica Viviana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Lia, Veronica Viviana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Lia, Veronica Viviana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Paniego, Norma Beatriz. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Paniego, Norma Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

On-field phenotypic evaluation of sunflower populations for broad-spectrum resistance to Verticillium leaf mottle and wilt

Sunflower Verticillium Wilt and Leaf Mottle (SVW), caused by Verticillium dahliae (Kleb.; Vd), is a soil-borne disease affecting sunflower worldwide. A single dominant locus, known as V1, was formerly effective in controlling North-American Vd races, whereas races from Argentina, Europe and an emerging race from USA overcome its resistance. This emphasizes the need for identifying broad-spectrum genetic resistance (BSR) sources. Here we characterize two sunflower mapping populations (MPs) for SVW resistance: a biparental MP and the association MP from the National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), under field growing conditions. Nine field-trials (FTs) were conducted in highly infested fields in the most SVW-affected region of Argentina. Several disease descriptors (DDs), including incidence and severity, were scored across four phenological stages. Generalized linear models were fitted according to the nature of each variable, adjusting mean phenotypes for inbred lines across and within FTs. Comparison of these responses allowed the identification of novel BSR sources. Furthermore, we present the first report of SVW resistance heritability, with estimates ranging from 35 to 45% for DDs related to disease incidence and severity, respectively. This study constitutes the largest SVW resistance characterization reported to date in sunflower, identifying valuable genetic resources for BSR-breeding to cope with a pathogen of increasing importance worldwide.EEA PergaminoFil: Montecchia, Juan Francisco. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Biotecnología. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO); ArgentinaFil: Fass, Mónica I. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Biotecnología. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO); ArgentinaFil: Cerrudo, Ignacio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Quiroz, Facundo José. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Nicosia, Salvador Maria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Biotecnologoía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO); ArgentinaFil: Maringolo, Carla Andrea. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Di Rienzo, Julio. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Troglia, Carolina Beatriz. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Hopp, Horacio Esteban. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Biotecnologoía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO); ArgentinaFil: Hopp, Horacio Esteban. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Escande, Alberto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Gonzalez, Julio Horacio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino. Sección Girasol; ArgentinaFil: Alvarez, Daniel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Manfredi; ArgentinaFil: Heinz, Ruth Amelia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Biotecnologoía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO); ArgentinaFil: Lia, Veronica Viviana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Biotecnologoía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO); ArgentinaFil: Lia, Veronica Viviana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Paniego, Norma Beatriz. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Biotecnologoía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO); Argentin

Sexual Functioning and Behavior of Men with Body Dysmorphic Disorder Concerning Penis Size Compared with Men Anxious about Penis Size and with Controls: A Cohort Study

Introduction: Little is known about the sexual functioning and behavior of men anxious about the size of their penis and the means that they might use to try to alter the size of their penis. Aim: To compare sexual functioning and behavior in men with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) concerning penis size and in men with small penis anxiety (SPA without BDD) and in a control group of men who do not have any concerns. Methods: An opportunistic sample of 90 men from the community were recruited and divided into three groups: BDD (n = 26); SPA (n = 31) and controls (n = 33). Main Outcome Measures: The Index of Erectile Function (IEF), sexual identity and history; and interventions to alter the size of their penis. Results: Men with BDD compared with controls had reduced erectile dysfunction, orgasmic function, intercourse satisfaction and overall satisfaction on the IEF. Men with SPA compared with controls had reduced intercourse satisfaction. There were no differences in sexual desire, the frequency of intercourse or masturbation across any of the three groups. Men with BDD and SPA were more likely than the controls to attempt to alter the shape or size of their penis (for example jelqing, vacuum pumps or stretching devices) with poor reported success. Conclusion: Men with BDD are more likely to have erectile dysfunction and less satisfaction with intercourse than controls but maintain their libido. Further research is required to develop and evaluate a psychological intervention for such men with adequate outcome measures. Veale D, Miles S, Read J, Troglia A, Wylie K, and Muir G. Sexual functioning and behavior of men with body dysmorphic disorder concerning penis size compared with men anxious about penis size and with controls: A cohort study. Sex Med 2015;3:147–155

Red Nacional de Cultivares de Girasol del INTA. Evaluación de cultivares de girasol en el sur bonaerense. Campaña 2020/21 [Conjunto de datos]

EEA BalcarceFil: Troglia, Carolina Beatriz. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Giuliano, Silvio Fabián. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; ArgentinaFil: Besteiro Ignacio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Agencia de Extensión Rural Lobería; ArgentinaFil: Erreguerena Juan María. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Agencia de Extensión Rural Lobería; ArgentinaFil: Llorens, María Clara. Chacra Experimental Miramar; ArgentinaFil: Pantaleón, Guillermo. Buck Semillas; ArgentinaFil: Tambascio, Cecilia. Agrar del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Moro, Mariano. La Medidora; ArgentinaFil: Ducos, Ignacio. El Cencerro; ArgentinaFil: Corró Molas, Andrés Ezequiel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Anguil. Agencia de Extensión General Pico; ArgentinaFil: Ghironi, Eugenia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Anguil. Agencia de Extensión Rural General Pico; ArgentinaFil: Funaro, Daniel Oscar. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Anguil; ArgentinaFil: Figueruelo, Andrea Mariana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Anguil; ArgentinaFil: Dillchneider Loza, Alejandra. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Anguil; ArgentinaFil: Fossaceca, Donato. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Anguil; ArgentinaFil: Sphan, Pablo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Anguil; ArgentinaFil: Busch, José María. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Anguil; ArgentinaFil: Fossaceca Agustín. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Anguil; Argentin