Applications of Mesoporous Silica Materials in Food: a Review

[EN] Mesoporous silica materials have been developed for some applications in the health field. These solids are used for the controlled release of bioactive molecules, as catalysts in the synthesis of essential nutrients, as sensors to detect unhealthy products etc., with many applications in food technologies. By combining mesoporous silica materials with food, we can create healthier products, the products that improve our quality of life. The development of mesoporous materials applied to food could result in protecting bioactive molecules during their passage though the digestive system. For this reason, the controlled release of bioactive molecules is a very interesting topic for the discipline of food technology. The use of mesoporous silica supports as catalysts in the synthesis of nutrients and as sensors for the detection of unhealthy products, essential in food, is in great demand industrially for the manufacture of functional foods and films for food and industrial packaging. This review shows some examples of silica materials and their applications in food.Supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic, Project No. MSM C73.Bernardos Bau, A.; Kourimská, L. (2013). Applications of Mesoporous Silica Materials in Food: a Review. Czech Journal of Food Sciences. 31(2):99-107. https://doi.org/10.17221/240/2012-CJFS9910731

La práctica de la expresión corporal en Educación Primaria en relación con la opinión de profesores, padres y alumnos

En el presente trabajo se analiza la práctica de expresión corporal en el centro de La Salle Franciscanas y la opinión que tienen sobre dicho contenido tres partes implicadas en el proceso educativo: profesores, alumnos y padres. El objetivo esencial del estudio es conocer el grado de desarrollo del contenido de Educación Física expresión corporal en la etapa de Educación Primaria y la opinión que merece para los tres grupos señalados. Se ha empleado una metodología cuantitativa mediante el uso de cuestionarios, los cuales han sido entregados a todos los profesores de Educación Física, a 30 alumnos de quinto curso y a 19 padres de alumnos de dicho curso. El análisis de los datos se ha llevado a cabo mediante el programa SPSS. Los resultados obtenidos permiten concluir que en este centro la expresión corporal es un contenido habitual en las programaciones de los seis cursos que conforman la etapa de Primaria. Además, tanto el profesorado como el alumnado y los padres valoran de manera positiva este contenido

Nanotechnology in the Development of Novel Functional Foods or their Package. An Overview Based in Patent Analysis

[EN] In recent years nanotechnology has become a significant component in food industry. It is present in all food chain steps, from the design of new ingredients or additives, to the most modern systems of food quality methods or packaging, demonstrating the great potential of this new technology in a sector as traditional as food. However, while interest by industry in nanotechnology increases, the rejection by consumers, concerned about the potential risk, does too. The aim of this review is to evaluate the development of food nanotechnology by means of a patent analysis, highlighting current applications of nanotechnology along the whole food chain and contextualizing this evolution in the social scene.Financial support from the Spanish Government (project MAT2009-14564-C04-01 and AGL2010-20539) and the Generalitat Valencia (project PROMETEO/2009/016) are gratefully acknowledged. E.P. thanks the Ministerio de Educación for a fellowshipPérez-Esteve, É.; Bernardos Bau, A.; Martínez-Máñez, R.; Barat Baviera, JM. (2013). Nanotechnology in the Development of Novel Functional Foods or their Package. An Overview Based in Patent Analysis. Recent Patents on Food, Nutrition and Agriculture. 5(1):35-43. https://doi.org/10.2174/2212798411305010006S35435

Mesoporous silica materials for controlled delivery based on enzymes

[EN] This review summarises examples of capped mesoporous silica materials for controlled delivery that use enzymes as external triggers or functional components of the gating ensemble.Financial support from the Spanish Government and FEDER funds (Project MAT2015-64139-C4-1) and the Generalitat Valencia (Project PROMETEOII/2014/047) is gratefully acknowledged. A. Llopis-Lorente is grateful to "La Caixa'' Banking Foundation for his PhD fellowship. B. Lozano-Torres is grateful to the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MEC) for her FPU grant. Also A. Bernardos thanks the Spanish MEC for her Juan de la Cierva Contract.Llopis-Lorente, A.; Lozano-Torres, B.; Bernardos Bau, A.; Martínez-Máñez, R.; Sancenón Galarza, F. (2017). Mesoporous silica materials for controlled delivery based on enzymes. Journal of Materials Chemistry B. 5(17):3069-3083. https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TB00348JS3069308351

Innovative use of essential oil cold diffusion system for improving air quality on indoor cultural heritage spaces

[EN] Bioaerosols play an important role in Cultural Heritage (CH) spaces air quality and biodeterioration risk and there is a growing interest to reduce them in actual conservation strategies. Essential oils (EOs) have been wellknown in several fields for their antimicrobial properties and they have found use in a number of applications. In this work Melaleuca alternifolia (Tea tree) and Thymus vulgaris (Thyme) EOs are cold diffused in unventilated lab spaces for reducing air bacterial and fungi contamination. Moreover, Tea tree EO was also tested in an unventilated real CH space. The effectiveness of EOs in reducing air bacterial and fungi contamination in unventilated indoor spaces during 24 h was evaluated. Air quality was also analyzed by means of temperature, humidity and particulate matter variation. EOs' diffusion system CH artworks risks was studied by means of thermography, diffusion range and EOs compounds deposition on the artistic materials by GC-MS. Tea tree EOs vaporization showed the best results with 77,3% and 95,0% fungi and bacteria air contamination reduction, with no thermohydrometric alteration and absence of EOs components deposition on the artistic vault.The authors wish to thank to the priest of the Santos Juanes Church of Valencia; the 'Direccion General de Patrimonio' and Professor Pilar Roig Picazo; for giving us the permits needed in order to develop this research. We would like to thank to Fundacion Hortensia Herrero, the Spanish Government (projects RTI2018-100910-B-C41 and RTI2018-101599-B-C22-AR (MCUI, FEDER, EU) and A.B. her Beatriz Galindo contract BG20/00020) and the Generalitat Valenciana (project PROM-ETEO 2018/024) for its financial support. Authors wish to thank the collaboration of the Dr. Ignacio Bosch Roig on the thermographic analysis and Dr. Enrique Vivo Soria for the review of the thermohydrometric data.Díaz Alonso, J.; Bernardos Bau, A.; Regidor Ros, JL.; Martínez-Máñez, R.; Bosch-Roig, P. (2021). Innovative use of essential oil cold diffusion system for improving air quality on indoor cultural heritage spaces. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation. 162:1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2021.10525111016

Mesoporous Silica-Based Materials with Bactericidal Properties

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Bernardos, A., Piacenza, E., Sancenón, F., Hamidi, M., Maleki, A., Turner, R. J., Martínez-Máñez, R., Mesoporous Silica-Based Materials with Bactericidal Properties. Small 2019, 15, 1900669. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201900669 , which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201900669. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.[EN] Bacterial infections are the main cause of chronic infections and even mortality. In fact, due to extensive use of antibiotics and, then, emergence of antibiotic resistance, treatment of such infections by conventional antibiotics has become a major concern worldwide. One of the promising strategies to treat infection diseases is the use of nanomaterials. Among them, mesoporous silica materials (MSMs) have attracted burgeoning attention due to high surface area, tunable pore/particle size, and easy surface functionalization. This review discusses how one can exploit capacities of MSMs to design and fabricate multifunctional/controllable drug delivery systems (DDSs) to combat bacterial infections. At first, the emergency of bacterial and biofilm resistance toward conventional antimicrobials is described and then how nanoparticles exert their toxic effects upon pathogenic cells is discussed. Next, the main aspects of MSMs (e.g., physicochemical properties, multifunctionality, and biosafety) which one should consider in the design of MSM-based DDSs against bacterial infections are introduced. Finally, a comprehensive analysis of all the papers published dealing with the use of MSMs for delivery of antibacterial chemicals (antimicrobial agents functionalized/adsorbed on mesoporous silica (MS), MS-loaded with antimicrobial agents, gated MS-loaded with antimicrobial agents, MS with metal-based nanoparticles, and MS-loaded with metal ions) is provided.The authors thank the Spanish Government (projects MAT2015-64139-C4-1-R and AGL2015-70235-C2-2-R (MINECO/FEDER)) and the Generalitat Valenciana (project PROMETEOII/2014/047 and PROMETEO/2018/024) for support. A.B. thanks the Spanish Government for her Juan de la Cierva incorporacion contract IJCI-2014-21534.Bernardos Bau, A.; Piacenza, E.; Sancenón Galarza, F.; Hamidi, M.; Maleki, A.; Turner, R.; Martínez-Máñez, R. (2019). Mesoporous Silica-Based Materials with Bactericidal Properties. Small. 15(24):1-34. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201900669S134152

The relationship between structure and in vitro antistaphylococcal effect of plant-derived stilbenes

Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen that is responsible for both hospital- and community-acquired infections. Stilbenes are polyphenol compounds of plant origin known to possess a variety of pharmacological properties, such as antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal effects. This study reports the in vitro growth-inhibitory potential of eight naturally occurring stilbenes against six standard strains and two clinical isolates of S. aureus, using a broth microdilution method, and expressing the results as minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Pterostilbene (MICs = 32–128 μg/ml), piceatannol (MICs = 64–256 μg/ml), and pinostilbene (MICs = 128 μg/ml) are among the active compounds that possess the strongest activity against all microorganisms tested, followed by 3′-hydroxypterostilbene, isorhapontigenin, oxyresveratrol, and rhapontigenin with MICs 128–256 μg/ml. Resveratrol (MIC = 256 μg/ml) exhibited only weak inhibitory effect. Furthermore, structure–activity relationships were studied. Hydroxyl groups at ortho-position (B-3′ and -4′) played crucial roles for the inhibitory effect of hydroxystilbene piceatannol. Compounds with methoxy groups at ring A (3′-hydroxypterostilbene, pinostilbene, and pterostilbene) produced stronger effect against S. aureus than their analogues (isorhapontigenin and rhapontigenin) with methoxy groups at ring B. These findings provide arguments for further investigation of stilbenes as prospective leading structures for development of novel antistaphylococcal agents for topical treatment of skin infections

A Digital Twin Platform generating Knowledge Graphs for construction projects

Construction projects combine activities across diverse domains and involve various entities which exchange information in different formats. To connect such diverse entities supporting their data exchanges using semantic web technologies, a Digital Twin Platform (DTP) is introduced, as a part of a greater ICT framework called COGITO, which aims at optimizing and supervising real construction projects from the conceptual to their implementation stages. To perform these connections, DTP creates a digital twin model designed to be the main data pool of COGITO’s application tools. DTP’s digital twin model is populated based on a well-defined ontology combining different data sources such as OpenBIM, time schedule, and construction resource files into a single RDF file. The digital twin model generation and access are demonstrated successfully on simple 4D OpenBIM data

Surfactant-Triggered Molecular Gate Tested on Different Mesoporous Silica Supports for Gastrointestinal Controlled Delivery

[EN] In recent decades, the versatility of mesoporous silica particles and their relevance to develop controlled release systems have been demonstrated. Within them, gated materials able to modulate payload delivery represent great advantages. However, the role played by the porous matrix in this kind of systems is scarce. In this work, different mesoporous silica materials (MCM-41, MCM-48, SBA-15 and UVM-7) are functionalized with oleic acid as a molecular gate. All systems are fully characterized and their ability to confine the entrapped cargo and release it in the presence of bile salts is validated with release assays and in vitro digestion experiments. The cargo release profile of each synthesized support is studied, paying attention to the inorganic scaffold. Obtained release profiles fit to Korsmeyer-Peppas model, which explains the differences among the studied supports. Based on the results, UVM-7 material was the most appropriate system for duodenal delivery and was tested in an in vivo model of the Wistar rat. Payload confinement and its complete release after gastric emptying is achieved, establishing the possible use of mesoporous silica particles as protection and direct release agents into the duodenum and, hence, demonstrating that these systems could serve as an alternative to the administration methods employed until now.This research was funded by the Spanish Government (projects RTI2018-100910-B-C41 and RTI2018-101599-B-C22-AR (MCUI/FEDER, EU)) and the Generalitat Valenciana (project PROMETEO/2018/024 and ACIF/2016/023 grant).Poyatos-Racionero, E.; González-Álvarez, I.; González-Álvarez, M.; Martínez-Máñez, R.; Marcos Martínez, MD.; Bernardos Bau, A.; Aznar, E. (2020). Surfactant-Triggered Molecular Gate Tested on Different Mesoporous Silica Supports for Gastrointestinal Controlled Delivery. 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WIREs Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology, 4(1), 16-30. doi:10.1002/wnan.132Vallet-Regí, M., Balas, F., & Arcos, D. (2007). Mesoporous Materials for Drug Delivery. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 46(40), 7548-7558. doi:10.1002/anie.200604488Descalzo, A. B., Martínez-Máñez, R., Sancenón, F., Hoffmann, K., & Rurack, K. (2006). The Supramolecular Chemistry of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Materials. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 45(36), 5924-5948. doi:10.1002/anie.200600734Shang, L., Bian, T., Zhang, B., Zhang, D., Wu, L.-Z., Tung, C.-H., … Zhang, T. (2013). Graphene-Supported Ultrafine Metal Nanoparticles Encapsulated by Mesoporous Silica: Robust Catalysts for Oxidation and Reduction Reactions. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 53(1), 250-254. doi:10.1002/anie.201306863Taguchi, A., & Schüth, F. (2005). Ordered mesoporous materials in catalysis. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 77(1), 1-45. doi:10.1016/j.micromeso.2004.06.030Bernardos, A., Marina, T., Žáček, P., Pérez-Esteve, É., Martínez-Mañez, R., Lhotka, M., … Klouček, P. (2014). Antifungal effect of essential oil components against Aspergillus niger when loaded into silica mesoporous supports. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 95(14), 2824-2831. doi:10.1002/jsfa.7022Barat, J., Pérez-Esteve, É., Bernardos, A., & Martínez-Mañez, R. (2011). Nutritional effects of folic acid controlled release from mesoporous materials. Procedia Food Science, 1, 1828-1832. doi:10.1016/j.profoo.2011.09.268Ruiz-Rico, M., Daubenschüz, H., Pérez-Esteve, É., Marcos, M. D., Amorós, P., Martínez-Máñez, R., & Barat, J. M. (2016). Protective effect of mesoporous silica particles on encapsulated folates. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 105, 9-17. doi:10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.05.016Mas, N., Arcos, D., Polo, L., Aznar, E., Sánchez-Salcedo, S., Sancenón, F., … Martínez-Máñez, R. (2014). Towards the Development of Smart 3D «Gated Scaffolds» for On-Command Delivery. Small, 10(23), 4859-4864. doi:10.1002/smll.201401227Bernardos, A., Piacenza, E., Sancenón, F., Hamidi, M., Maleki, A., Turner, R. J., & Martínez‐Máñez, R. (2019). Mesoporous Silica‐Based Materials with Bactericidal Properties. Small, 15(24), 1900669. doi:10.1002/smll.201900669Santos-Figueroa, L. E., Giménez, C., Agostini, A., Aznar, E., Marcos, M. D., Sancenón, F., … Amorós, P. (2013). Selective and Sensitive Chromofluorogenic Detection of the Sulfite Anion in Water Using Hydrophobic Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Silica Nanoparticles. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 52(51), 13712-13716. doi:10.1002/anie.201306688Poyatos-Racionero, E., Ros-Lis, J. V., Vivancos, J.-L., & Martínez-Máñez, R. (2018). 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Gastric juice acidity in upper gastrointestinal diseases. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 16(43), 5496. doi:10.3748/wjg.v16.i43.5496ULKER, İ., & YILDIRAN, H. (2019). The effects of bariatric surgery on gut microbiota in patients with obesity: a review of the literature. Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health, 38(1), 3-9. doi:10.12938/bmfh.18-018Sardo, P., & Walker, J. H. (2008). Bariatric Surgery: Impact on Medication Management. Hospital Pharmacy, 43(2), 113-120. doi:10.1310/hpj4302-113Geraldo, M., Feder, D., Affonso Fonseca, F. L., & de Fatima Veiga Gouveia, M. R. (2014). The use of drugs in patients who have undergone bariatric surgery. International Journal of General Medicine, 219. doi:10.2147/ijgm.s55332Kurlan, R., Nutt, J. G., Woodward, W. R., Rothfield, K., Lichter, D., Miller, C., … Shoulson, I. (1988). Duodenal and gastric delivery of levodopa in parkinsonism. 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B., Hadipour Moghaddam, S. P., & Ghandehari, H. (2018). Influence of Silica Nanoparticle Density and Flow Conditions on Sedimentation, Cell Uptake, and Cytotoxicity. Molecular Pharmaceutics, 15(6), 2372-2383. doi:10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b0021

Ficoflora de la laguna Don Tomás (La Pampa, Argentina)

The work deals with the analyze composition and seasonal distribution of phytoplantonic species of Don Tomas Shallow lake during an annual cycle. Six monthly samples were collected (August 2002 to July 2003) and they were qualitatively studied. The physical and chemical parameters were registered in the same time. The index of similarity of Sorensen was made In order to determine the degree of similarity of the seasonal distribution of the taxa. The phytoplanctonic taxocenosis community richness specific of the was of 159 taxa. Groups with a noticeable seasonal distribution were showed with cluster analyzed. Four seasonal groups were identified. September, October and November correspond to the spring; the second group, summer, was integrated for December, January and February, and the third group was constituted for March, April, May, June and July. Different environmental conditions during the winter of 2002 had isolated the results of August.El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar la composición y la distribución estacional de las especies fitoplanctónicas de la Laguna Don Tomás durante un ciclo anual. Se colectaron muestras mensuales (agosto 2002 a julio 2003), los que se estudiaron cualitativamente. Asimismo, se analizaron parámetros fisicoquímicos. Se realizó un análisis de clusters en base al índice de similitud de Sorensen, para determinar la distribución de los taxa. La riqueza específica de la taxocenosis fitoplanctónica fue de 159 taxa. Los cluster mostraron agrupamientos con una marcada distribución estacional. Se identificaron cuatro grupos. El primero compuesto por los meses de septiembre, octubre y noviembre corresponden a la primavera, el segundo grupo, verano, integrado por diciembre, enero y febrero y el tercer grupo está constituido por marzo, abril, mayo, junio y julio. Los resultados correspondientes al mes de Agosto se aíslan del resto del año por condiciones ambientales particulares