Linking type 2 diabetes and gynecological cancer: An introductory overview

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic disease with a growing prevalence and a leading cause of death in many countries. Several epidemiological studies observed an association between T2D and increased risk of many types of cancer, such as gynecologic neoplasms (endometrial, cervical, ovarian and vulvar cancer). Insulin resistance, chronic inflammation and high free ovarian steroid hormones are considered the possible mechanisms behind this complex relationship. A higher risk of endometrial cancer was observed in T2D, even though this association largely attenuated after adjusting for obesity. A clear relationship between the incidence of cervical cancer (CC) and T2D has still not be determined; however T2D might have an impact on prognosis in patients with CC. To date, studies on the association between T2D and ovarian cancer (OC) are limited. The effect of pre-existing diabetes on cancer-specific mortality has been evaluated in several studies, with less clear results. Other epidemiological and experimental studies focused on the potential role of diabetes medications, mainly metformin, in cancer development in women. The correct understanding of the link between T2D and gynecologic cancer risk and mortality is currently imperative to possibly modify screening and diagnostic-therapeutic protocols in the future

A Low-cost Sensing System for Cooperative Air Quality Monitoring in Urban Areas

Air quality in urban areas is a very important topic as it closely affects the health of citizens. Recent studies highlight that the exposure to polluted air can increase the incidence of diseases and deteriorate the quality of life. Hence, it is necessary to develop tools for real-time air quality monitoring, so as to allow appropriate and timely decisions. In this paper, we present uSense, a low-cost cooperative monitoring tool that allows knowing, in real-time, the concentrations of polluting gases in various areas of the city. Specifically, users monitor the areas of their interest by deploying low-cost and low-power sensor nodes. In addition, they can share the collected data following a social networking approach. uSense has been tested through an in-field experimentation performed in different areas of a city. The obtained results are in line with those provided by the local environmental control authority and show that uSense can be profitably used for air quality monitoring

Magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of brain involvement in alcoholic and nonalcoholic Wernicke's encephalopathy

To present the typical and atypical magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings of alcoholic and non-alcoholic Wernicke's encephalopathy

Orti Urbani: riqualificazione energetica e funzionale dell'ex asilo Santarelli a Forlì

Oggetto della tesi di laurea è la riqualificazione energetica e funzionale dell’ex asilo Santarelli a Forlì. Il complesso sorge su un area al margine del tracciato delle mura storiche della città dove erano collocati gli orti medievali. Promosso dalla collettività e da numerosi enti caritatevoli come primo asilo laico della città, l’edificio venne progettato nel 1934 dall’ing Guido Savini, secondo i caratteri stilistici e compositivi dell’architettura razionalista e inaugurato da donna Rachele Mussolini nel 1937. L’edificio, di proprietà dell’O.A.S.I. A.S.P., ha svolto la sua attività educativa fino alla sua chiusura avvenuta a giugno 2012, a causa degli gli elevati costi di gestione e per l’inidoneità della struttura alle attuali necessità. L’amministrazione comunale ha manifestato l’intenzione di recuperare l’immobile, soggetto al parere della soprintendenza, prevedendo di ospitare nuove funzioni didattiche, a conferma della sua destinazione storica, ma organizzate in base alle esigenze attuali, secondo il principio dell’economicità. Dalle analisi urbane è emerso che il quartiere dispone di servizi quali il museo San Domenico, la casa di riposo e il parco Franco Agosto, ma che al contempo la sua posizione marginale e la struttura della viabilità lo rendono un punto di passaggio automobilistico tra la periferia e il centro storico. Per la formulazione di un programma funzionale si è condotta un’indagine sia sugli attuali servizi didattici che gli indirizzi di sviluppo sociale offerti dall’amministrazione, ha fatto emergere una carenza degli spazi verdi all’interno delle scuole e la presenza di un programma di sviluppo degli orti urbani nelle aree di proprietà comunali. Al fine di rispondere alle esigenze della pubblica amministrazione si è deciso di formulare una proposta di intervento su due livelli. Il primo mediante una ridefinizione fisica del rapporto tra l’edificio, il quartiere e il sistema della mobilità. Il secondo attraverso una proposta funzionale che potesse coinvolgere non solo gli studenti ma tutta la cittadinanza. Per la ridefinizione del rapporto tra l’edificio e il quartiere si è deciso di eliminare l’isolamento dell’edificio imposto dalla recinzione esistente, mediante la 8 realizzazione di nuovi varchi di accesso. Diventa così possibile proporre un nuovo percorso pedonale inserito all’interno dell’area verde dell’edificio. In prossimità dell’accesso su via Val Verde, è stato realizzato un ambiente filtro a relazione tra la città e il verde privato.Per migliorare l’accessibilità, favorire il coinvolgimento del pubblico e promuovere l’interazione con le aree verdi circostanti, si sono definiti dei concetti chiave: chiusura, connessione tra le preesistenze, varco, permeabilità visiva, organicità. La tensostruttura, caratteristica per sua flessibilità, leggerezza e trasparenza, è stato l’elemento scelto per rispondere alle esigenze, permettendo al contempo di distinguere l’intervento dalle preesistenze. Il nuovo programma funzionale suddivide l’edificio in tre zone autonome, così da affiancare alla didattica, una zona pubblica per offrire uno spazio a disposizione della comunità e una commerciale per garantire una quota di risorse finanziarie alla gestione dell’immobile. Nello specifico, la didattica è stata specializzata per l‘insegnamento dell’orticultura, al fine di promuovere l’educazione della sostenibilità ambientale, la valorizzazione degli spazi verdi e la promozione dei prodotti del territorio. L’ispirazione scaturisce dal primo orto didattico nato in America a metà degli anni ‘90 ad opera dello chef Alice Waters, precursore degli attuali sviluppi didattici e sociali all’interno delle scuole. Il recupero di alcune funzioni originali ha favorito la tripartizione dell’edificio, inoltre la disponibilità di più accessi esistenti ha garantito la possibilità di rendere autonoma le tre zone. Le aule sono state collegate direttamente con l’esterno ed il problema del dislivello con il giardino, è stato risolto realizzando un porticato coperto, che dilata lo spazio didattico sull’esterno. Il solarium, nonostante fosse abbandonato da anni, grazie alla sua posizione privilegiata per l’osservazione del parco e della città è stato recuperando inserendolo come nuovo punto di sosta nel sistema dei percorsi pubblici. Per questo è stato necessario progettare un corpo scale esterno per rendere accessibile ed autonomo l’ambiente. L’ultimo aspetto affrontato è l’intervento di retrofit energetico, pensato in varie fasi per essere il meno invasivo possibile sull’immobile, prevede l’installazione di un sistema di ventilazione meccanica, un isolamento termico interno di 10cm in lana di roccia montata 9 meccanicamente e la sostituzione di tutti gli infissi non originali con soluzioni più performanti. Per raggiungere la classe A è stato necessario intervenire anche sugli impianti, introducendo un sistema autonomo per la zona commerciale e la sostituzione di tutti i terminali radianti. Considerando l’elevato fabbisogno di energia primaria si è integrata una parte questa mediante l’utilizzo di fonti rinnovabili quali fotovoltaico e solare termico. patrimonio storico, adattandolo alle nuove necessità e dimostrando come sia possibile la trasformazione di un edificio fortemente energivoro in una con ridotto fabbisogno energetico senza stravolgere la struttura e aggiungendo qualità e valore

Raman spectroscopy of gallium ion irradiated graphene

The successful integration of graphene in future technologies, such as filtration and nanoelectronics, depends on the ability to introduce controlled nanostructured defects in graphene. In this work, Raman spectroscopy is used to investigate the induction of disorder in graphene via gallium ion beam bombardment. Two configurations of CVD-grown graphene samples are used: (i) graphene supported on a Si/SiO2 substrate, and (ii) graphene suspended on porous TEM grids. It is observed that the supported graphene experiences more damage in response to lower beam doses than suspended graphene. This phenomenon is attributed to the behaviour of the energetic ions impinging the sample. In suspended graphene, the ions pass through the graphene membrane once and disperse to the atmosphere, while in supported graphene, the ions embed themselves in the substrate causing swelling and backscattering events, hence increasing the induced disorder. In supported graphene, the ratio between the Gaussian D and G peaks attributed to amorphous carbon, and the Lorentzian D and G peaks attributed to graphene, (IDG/IDL) and (IGG/IGL), are suggested to be used to quantify the degree of amorphization. The results are relevant to the development of nanostructured graphene-based filtration or desalination membranes, as well as for graphene-based nanoelectronics.JRC.F.2-Consumer Products Safet

Value of serial magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of brain metastases volume control during stereotactic radiosurgery

To evaluate brain metastases volume control capabilities of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) through serial magnetic resonance (MR) imaging follow-up

Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30 to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy -- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy

We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8 \pm 0.7 (stat) \pm 6.7 (sys) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principle calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Supplemental material in the ancillary file

Dupilumab in the treatment of severe uncontrolled chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP): A multicentric observational Phase IV real-life study (DUPIREAL)

Background Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is associated with significant morbidity and reduced health-related quality of life. Findings from clinical trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of dupilumab in CRSwNP, although real-world evidence is still limited. Methods This Phase IV real-life, observational, multicenter study assessed the effectiveness and safety of dupilumab in patients with severe uncontrolled CRSwNP (n = 648) over the first year of treatment. We collected data at baseline and after 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of follow-up. We focused on nasal polyps score (NPS), symptoms, and olfactory function. We stratified outcomes by comorbidities, previous surgery, and adherence to intranasal corticosteroids, and examined the success rates based on current guidelines, as well as potential predictors of response at each timepoint. Results We observed a significant decrease in NPS from a median value of 6 (IQR 5–6) at baseline to 1.0 (IQR 0.0–2.0) at 12 months (p < .001), and a significant decrease in Sino-Nasal Outcomes Test-22 (SNOT-22) from a median score of 58 (IQR 49–70) at baseline to 11 (IQR 6–21; p < .001) at 12 months. Sniffin' Sticks scores showed a significant increase over 12 months (p < .001) compared to baseline. The results were unaffected by concomitant diseases, number of previous surgeries, and adherence to topical steroids, except for minor differences in rapidity of action. An excellent-moderate response was observed in 96.9% of patients at 12 months based on EPOS 2020 criteria. Conclusions Our findings from this large-scale real-life study support the effectiveness of dupilumab as an add-on therapy in patients with severe uncontrolled CRSwNP in reducing polyp size and improving the quality of life, severity of symptoms, nasal congestion, and smell

How future surgery will benefit from SARS-COV-2-related measures: a SPIGC survey conveying the perspective of Italian surgeons

COVID-19 negatively affected surgical activity, but the potential benefits resulting from adopted measures remain unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the change in surgical activity and potential benefit from COVID-19 measures in perspective of Italian surgeons on behalf of SPIGC. A nationwide online survey on surgical practice before, during, and after COVID-19 pandemic was conducted in March-April 2022 (NCT:05323851). Effects of COVID-19 hospital-related measures on surgical patients' management and personal professional development across surgical specialties were explored. Data on demographics, pre-operative/peri-operative/post-operative management, and professional development were collected. Outcomes were matched with the corresponding volume. Four hundred and seventy-three respondents were included in final analysis across 14 surgical specialties. Since SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, application of telematic consultations (4.1% vs. 21.6%; p < 0.0001) and diagnostic evaluations (16.4% vs. 42.2%; p < 0.0001) increased. Elective surgical activities significantly reduced and surgeons opted more frequently for conservative management with a possible indication for elective (26.3% vs. 35.7%; p < 0.0001) or urgent (20.4% vs. 38.5%; p < 0.0001) surgery. All new COVID-related measures are perceived to be maintained in the future. Surgeons' personal education online increased from 12.6% (pre-COVID) to 86.6% (post-COVID; p < 0.0001). Online educational activities are considered a beneficial effect from COVID pandemic (56.4%). COVID-19 had a great impact on surgical specialties, with significant reduction of operation volume. However, some forced changes turned out to be benefits. Isolation measures pushed the use of telemedicine and telemetric devices for outpatient practice and favored communication for educational purposes and surgeon-patient/family communication. From the Italian surgeons' perspective, COVID-related measures will continue to influence future surgical clinical practice