Structural Change of Production and Consumption: A Micro to Macro Approach to Economic Growth and Income Distribution

The paper aims to analyse the effect of initial structural conditions in the organisation and composition of production and in demand patterns, via changes in wages distribution, as affecting economic growth and income inequality. We develop an evolutionary model with agent-based micro-foundations and analyse the link between structural change and growth taking into account (i) firm-level organisational differences and technological changes, (ii) their impact on the structure of earnings and income of workers-consumers, and (iii) the consequent changes in consumption. The model articulates the links between production and organisation structures on the supply side, and the endogenous evolution of income distribution on the demand side. Simplied scenarios are identified via numerical simulations, in which patterns of aggregate growth are obtained as an emerging property of different structures of firms' organisation and production, functional composition of employment, income distribution and patterns of consumption.Structural Change, Consumption, Earnings Distribution, Growth

Güneydoğu Karadeniz’de olağandışı bir Noctiluca scintillans bloomu

Olağandışı bir Noctiluca scintillans bloomu güneydoğu Karadeniz’den ilk kez rapor edilmektedir. Çalışma esnasında yüzey suyu örnekleri 18 -20 Nisan 2011 tarihleri arasında Rize Limanı ve çevresinden toplanmıştır. Hücre sayısındaki (6, 81 x 106 hücre l-1) ani artış ile başlayan bloom üç gün sürmüştür. Liman içinde ve kıyı boyunca surface suyunda tipik yoğun toplanmalar ve kırmızımsı bantlar gözlenmiştir. Red-tide süresince denizsuyu yüzey sıcaklığı 9,9-11,7°C, tuzluluk ‰ 15,04- 17, 7 arasında değişmiştir. Nitrit+nitrat, silikat ve fosfat konsantrasyonları ise sırasıyla 0,59- 7,13 ?M l-1, 3,69- 10,92 ?M l-1 ve 0,04- 0,19 ?M l- 1 arasında değişmiştir. Meteorolojik veri, red-tide’dan önce ve sonra hâkim olan hafif yağış ve düşük rüzgâr hızının belirlediği durgun tabakalaşmış yüzeyin red-tide’ın başlaması için uygun çevre olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca red- tide’ın en yoğun olduğu periyotta kıyıdan karaya doğru esen hafif rüzgâr, hücrelerin kıyıda akümülasyonuna ve muhtemelen red-tide’nın başlamasına katkıda bulunmuş olabilir. Noctiluca bolluğu ile chl-a konsantrasyonu arasında pozitif yönlü korelasyon bulunmuştur (R2= 0,83) ve liman içinde N.scintillans red-tide’ı ile eş zamanlı olarak diatom Melosira spp.’ye (5x105 hücre l-1) ait yoğun bir bloom tespit edilmiştir. Mikroskobik incelemeler esnasında canlı N. scintillans hücreleri içerisinde Melosira spp.’nin varlığı, N. scintillans’ın bu türler üzerinden otlandığını göstermiştir. Sıra dışı bu olayın meydana gelmesi, doğal değişimin ya da ötrofikasyon gibi antropojenik etkilerin bir sonucu olarak planktonik besin zincirinde bir değişime işaret ediyor olabilir.An intense Noctiluca scintillans bloom is reported for the first time in the southeastern coast of the Black Sea. During the present study, surface water samples were collected in the vicinity of the port of Rize between 18 and 20 April 2011. The bloom appeared as a sudden increase in cell number (6.81x106 cells l-1) and persisted during three days. The bloom led to a red-tide event with typical streaks and patches of reddish viscous surface waters. The abundance of Noctiluca was higher than other previous reports in the Black Sea. During the bloom, sea surface temperature ranged between 9.9-11.7ºC and salinity ranged between 15.04-17.7 ‰. Nitrite+nitrate, silicate and phosphate concentrations ranged between 0.59 - 7.13 µM l-1, 3.69- 10.92 µM l-1 and 0.04-0.19 µM l-1, respectively. Meteorological data showed light precipitation and low wind speed before and during the red-tide, indicating a stable stratified surface environment, optimum for the red-tide initiation. Light onshore winds may have caused accumulation of cells near the coast and possibly also contributing for triggering the red-tide. The abundance of N. scintillans correlated positively with chl-a concentration (R2= 0.83) and an intense bloom of diatom Melosira spp. (5x105 cells l-1) was found concomitantly with N. scintillans red-tide. Microscopic examination of live cells from the N. scintillans red-tide revealed the presence of high number of Melosira spp. within the N. scintillans body, confirmating its grazing on these microalgae. The occurrence of this anomalous event may indicate a shift in the planktonic food web as a result of natural variability or anthropogenic influences like eutrophication

A Revolução chegou aqui? As notícias de jornais em Florianópolis sobre o estabelecimento da República Popular da China em 1949

A proposta deste trabalho é investigar as notícias em jornais de Florianópolis durante as primeiras semanas de outubro de 1949 sobre a tomada do poder pelos comunistas chineses, em 01 de outubro de 1949, e a constituição da República Popular da China. A análise parte da divulgação dessas informações, buscando elencar um contexto mais amplo, no qual procuro demonstrar o interesse da notícia na formação de opinião sobre o assunto. Nesse sentido, cabe um olhar atento ao interesse da mídia, o que era destacado e o que era silenciado num momento em que o movimento anticomunista ganhava destaque na luta ideológica da Guerra Fria

Mining System Specific Rules from Change Patterns

International audienceA significant percentage of warnings reported by tools to detect coding standard violations are false positives. Thus, there are some works dedicated to provide better rules by mining them from source code history, analyzing bug-fixes or changes between system releases. However, software evolves over time, and during development not only bugs are fixed, but also features are added, and code is refactored. In such cases, changes must be consistently applied in source code to avoid maintenance problems. In this paper, we propose to extract system specific rules by mining systematic changes over source code history, i.e., not just from bug-fixes or system releases, to ensure that changes are consistently applied over source code. We focus on structural changes done to support API modification or evolution with the goal of providing better rules to developers. Also, rules are mined from predefined rule patterns that ensure their quality. In order to assess the precision of such specific rules to detect real violations, we compare them with generic rules provided by tools to detect coding standard violations on four real world systems covering two programming languages. The results show that specific rules are more precise in identifying real violations in source code than generic ones, and thus can complement them

Why and How Java Developers Break APIs

Modern software development depends on APIs to reuse code and increase productivity. As most software systems, these libraries and frameworks also evolve, which may break existing clients. However, the main reasons to introduce breaking changes in APIs are unclear. Therefore, in this paper, we report the results of an almost 4-month long field study with the developers of 400 popular Java libraries and frameworks. We configured an infrastructure to observe all changes in these libraries and to detect breaking changes shortly after their introduction in the code. After identifying breaking changes, we asked the developers to explain the reasons behind their decision to change the APIs. During the study, we identified 59 breaking changes, confirmed by the developers of 19 projects. By analyzing the developers' answers, we report that breaking changes are mostly motivated by the need to implement new features, by the desire to make the APIs simpler and with fewer elements, and to improve maintainability. We conclude by providing suggestions to language designers, tool builders, software engineering researchers and API developers.Comment: Accepted at International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering, SANER 2018; 11 page

Why We Engage in FLOSS: Answers from Core Developers

The maintenance and evolution of Free/Libre Open Source Software (FLOSS) projects demand the constant attraction of core developers. In this paper, we report the results of a survey with 52 developers, who recently became core contributors of popular GitHub projects. We reveal their motivations to assume a key role in FLOSS projects (e.g., improving the projects because they are also using it), the project characteristics that most helped in their engagement process (e.g., a friendly community), and the barriers faced by the surveyed core developers (e.g., lack of time of the project leaders). We also compare our results with related studies about others kinds of open source contributors (casual, one-time, and newcomers).Comment: Accepted at CHASE 2018: 11th International Workshop on Cooperative and Human Aspects of Software Engineering (8 pages