Growth Rate Of Blood Cockle (Anadara Granosa) Spat In Intertidal Zone Panipahan Rokan Hilir District Riau Province

This research was conducted in November 2015 to January 2016 in Coastal Panipahan Rokan Hilir Riau Province, aimed to compare the growth rate of blood cockle spat (A. granosa) on the three different part of intertidal zone. The method used in this study is an experimental method by using a completely randomized design (CRD) of the factors with 3 levels of treatment, each treatment using 3 replications. The treatments used in the maintenance of blood clam spat that is treatment IBA (upper intertidal zone), treatment IBT (middle intertidal zone), and treatment IBB (lower intertidal zone). The fence netting used measuring 50 × 50 cm as many 9 units are arranged randomly. Blood cockle spat are stocked as many as 100 individuals / fence netting. The results showed that the average rate of growth of the blood cockle spat indicate that lower intertidal zone to produce a faster growth rate than the middle intertidal zone and upper intertidal zone

A New Paradigm for Human Resuscitation Research Using Intelligent Devices

Objectives: To develop new methods for studying correlations between the performance and outcome of resuscitation efforts in real-world clinical settings using data recorded by automatic devices such as automatic external defibrillators (AEDs), and to explore effects of shock timing and chest compression depth in the field. Methods: In 695 records of AED use in the pre-hospital setting, continuous compression data were recorded using AEDs capable of measuring sternal motion during compressions, together with timing of delivered shocks and the electrocardiogram. In patients who received at least one shock, putative return of spontaneous circulation (P-ROSC) was defined as a regular, narrow complex electrical rhythm \u3e 40 beats/min with no evidence of chest compressions at the end of the recorded data stream. Transient return of spontaneous circulation (t-ROSC) was defined as the presence of a post-shock organized rhythm \u3e 40 beats/min within 60 seconds, and sustained 30 seconds. 2x2 contingency tables were constructed to examine the association between these outcomes and dichotomized time of shock delivery or chest compression depth, using the Mood median test for statistical significance. Results: The probability of P-ROSC for first shocks delivered \u3c 50 seconds (the median time) after the start of resuscitation was 23%, versus 11% for first shocks \u3e 50 seconds (p=0.028, one tailed). Similarly, the probability of t-ROSC for shorter times to shock was 29%, compared to the 15% for delayed first shocks (p=0.016). For shocks occurring \u3e3 minutes after initiation of rescue attempts, the probability of t-ROSC with pre-shock average compression depth \u3e 5 cm was more than double that with compression depth \u3c 5 cm (17.7% vs. 8.3%, p=0.028). For shocks \u3e5 minutes the effect of deeper compressions increased (23.4% vs. 8.2%, p=0.008). Conclusions: Much can be learned from analysis of performance data automatically recorded by modern resuscitation devices. Use of the Mood median test of association proved to be sensitive, valid, distribution independent, noise-resistant, and also resistant to biases introduced by the inclusion of hopeless cases. Efforts to shorten the time to delivery of the first shock and to encourage deeper chest compressions after the first shock are likely to improve resuscitation success. Such refinements can be effective even after an unknown period of preceding downtime

Envelope structure of deeply embedded young stellar objects in the Serpens Molecular Cloud

Aperture synthesis and single-dish (sub) millimeter molecular lines and continuum observations reveal in great detail the envelope structure of deeply embedded young stellar objects (SMM1, SMM2, SMM3, SMM4) in the densely star-forming Serpens Molecular Cloud. Resolved millimeter continuum emission constrains the density structure to a radial power law with index -2.0 +/- 0.5, and envelope masses of 8.7, 3.0, and 5.3 M_sol for SMM1, SMM3, and SMM4. The core SMM2 does not seem to have a central condensation and may not have formed a star yet. The molecular line observations can be described by the same envelope model, if an additional, small amount of warm (100 K) material is included. This probably corresponds to the inner few hundred AU of the envelope were the temperature is high. In the interferometer beam, the molecular lines reveal the inner regions of the envelopes, as well as interaction of the outflow with the surrounding envelope. Bright HCO+ and HCN emission outlines the cavities, while SiO and SO trace the direct impact of the outflow on ambient gas. Taken together, these observations provide a first comprehensive view of the physical and chemical structure of the envelopes of deeply embedded young stellar objects in a clustered environment on scales between 1000 and 10,000 AU.Comment: 46 pages, incl. 12 postscript figures, uses ApJ latex and psfig macro

Mutual information in random Boolean models of regulatory networks

The amount of mutual information contained in time series of two elements gives a measure of how well their activities are coordinated. In a large, complex network of interacting elements, such as a genetic regulatory network within a cell, the average of the mutual information over all pairs is a global measure of how well the system can coordinate its internal dynamics. We study this average pairwise mutual information in random Boolean networks (RBNs) as a function of the distribution of Boolean rules implemented at each element, assuming that the links in the network are randomly placed. Efficient numerical methods for calculating show that as the number of network nodes N approaches infinity, the quantity N exhibits a discontinuity at parameter values corresponding to critical RBNs. For finite systems it peaks near the critical value, but slightly in the disordered regime for typical parameter variations. The source of high values of N is the indirect correlations between pairs of elements from different long chains with a common starting point. The contribution from pairs that are directly linked approaches zero for critical networks and peaks deep in the disordered regime.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures; Minor revisions for clarity and figure format, one reference adde