VIABILIZANDO O DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL ATRAVÉS DO GIRASSOL: DISCUSSÕES ANALÍTICAS E EVIDÊNCIAS EMPÍRICAS PARA O SUL DO BRASIL

Este estudo busca descrever as possibilidades de desenvolvimento, conceituado pelas idéias de Ignacy Sachs (2002), através de benefícios ao produtor rural, mais especificamente, ao engajado na agricultura familiar, fazendo-se referência àqueles situados nos municípios correspondentes ao COREDESul (Rio Grande do Sul), ao adotar a cultura do Girassol. Para isso, foi feita uma revisão bibliográfica, apontando razões pelas quais seria interessante ao pequeno produtor cultivar o Girassol. Adotou-se também do diagrama “5-F” de Parkin (apud SACHS, 2002), no intuito de se interpretar o desenvolvimento sustentável baseado nessa biomassa. As conclusões obtidas remetem a ganhos potenciais aos agricultores direcionando-os para um desenvolvimento includente, sustentável e sustentado.-------------------------------------This study describes the possibilities of development, concepted from Ignacy Sachs (2002), across the benefits to the rural producer, especially those connected to familiar agriculture. In the sense, the COREDESul (Rio Grande do Sul State) is mentioned, to adopt the sunflower production. To do this, a bibliographic review was made, meeting reasons to became interesting to the small farmer to plant that product. To the analysis it was adopted the Parkin’s “5-F” (apud SACHS, 2002), to interpret the sustainable development based in this biomass. The conclusions show potential gains to farmers, direct them to the comprehensive, sustainable and sustained development.Desenvolvimento sustentável, agricultura familiar, girassol, COREDESul, sustainable development, familiar agriculture, sunflower, COREDESul, Crop Production/Industries,

Why and How Java Developers Break APIs

Modern software development depends on APIs to reuse code and increase productivity. As most software systems, these libraries and frameworks also evolve, which may break existing clients. However, the main reasons to introduce breaking changes in APIs are unclear. Therefore, in this paper, we report the results of an almost 4-month long field study with the developers of 400 popular Java libraries and frameworks. We configured an infrastructure to observe all changes in these libraries and to detect breaking changes shortly after their introduction in the code. After identifying breaking changes, we asked the developers to explain the reasons behind their decision to change the APIs. During the study, we identified 59 breaking changes, confirmed by the developers of 19 projects. By analyzing the developers' answers, we report that breaking changes are mostly motivated by the need to implement new features, by the desire to make the APIs simpler and with fewer elements, and to improve maintainability. We conclude by providing suggestions to language designers, tool builders, software engineering researchers and API developers.Comment: Accepted at International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering, SANER 2018; 11 page

Mapping and maneuvering long-term natural orbits around Titania, a satellite of Uranus

In this work, we present the results of a set of numerical simulations carried out to obtain long-duration orbits for a probe around Titania, Uranus' largest satellite. We also propose orbital maneuvers to extend the lifetime of some orbits. Titania's $J_2$ and $C_{22}$ gravitational coefficients and Uranus' gravitational perturbation are considered. The analysis of lifetime sensitivity due to possible errors in $J_2$ and $C_{22}$ values is investigated using multiple regression models. Simulations were performed for eccentricity equal 10-4, and lifetime maps were constructed. The results show that low-altitude orbits have longer lifetimes due to the balance between the disturbance of Uranus and the gravitational coefficients of Titania. The results also show that non-zero values of periapsis longitude ($\omega$) and ascending node longitude ($\Omega$) are essential to increase lifespan. Furthermore, the results indicate that the most economical maneuver occurs for final orbits of radius equal to 1050 km, this is observed for all inclination values.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, 1 table. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2203.1444

A Anastomose do Empreendedorismo Austríaco com Agilidade Organizacional

This paper seeks to analyze the concepts of entrepreneurship at the Austrian School under the lens ofa contemporary management format called “agility.” The methodological procedure adopted was theoretical,with an exploratory and descriptive character using a bibliographic review of the leading Austrian authorsand a bibliometric survey of publications related to agility. From an analytical-interpretative reading, it did an associative analysis of Austrian entrepreneurship with agility. The research findings suggest that the Austrian authors at several points anticipated the ideas proposed by business agility, particularly concerning value creation, customer focus, and adaptation.Este artículo busca analizar los conceptos de emprendimiento en la Escuela Austriaca bajo la ópticade un formato de gestión contemporáneo llamado “agilidad”. El procedimiento metodológico adoptado fue teórico, con carácter exploratorio y descriptivo, haciendo uso de una revisión bibliográfica de los principales autores austriacos y un relevamiento bibliométrico de publicaciones relacionadas con la agilidad. Por medio de una lectura analítico-interpretativa, se realizó un análisis asociativo del emprendimiento austriaco con agilidad. Los hallazgos de la investigación sugieren que los autores austriacos en varios puntos se anticiparon a las ideas propuestas por la agilidad organizacional, particularmente en lo que respecta a la preocupación por la creación de valor, el enfoque al cliente y la adaptación.Este artigo busca fazer uma análise dos conceitos de empreendedorismo na Escola Austríaca através de um formato contemporâneo de gestão denominado “agilidade”. O procedimento metodológico adotadofoi teórico, com caráter exploratório e descritivo, utilizando uma revisão bibliográfica dos principais autoresaustríacos e um levantamento bibliométrico das publicações relativas à agilidade. Por meio de uma leituraanalítico-interpretativa, procedeu-se a uma análise associativa do empreendedorismo austríaco com agilidade. As conclusões da pesquisa sugerem que, em vários pontos, os autores austríacos se anteciparam às ideias propostas pela agilidade organizacional, especialmente no que tange à preocupação com criação de valor, foco no cliente e adaptação

Gene Expression Control by Glucocorticoid Receptors during Innate Immune Responses

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are potent anti-inflammatory compounds that have been extensively used in clinical practice for several decades. GC's effects on inflammation are generally mediated through GC receptors (GRs). Signal transduction through these nuclear receptors leads to dramatic changes in gene expression programs in different cell types, typically due to GR binding to DNA or to transcription modulators. During the last decade, the view of GCs as exclusive anti-inflammatory molecules has been challenged. GR negative interference in pro-inflammatory gene expression was a landmark in terms of molecular mechanisms that suppress immune activity. In fact, GR can induce varied inhibitory molecules, including a negative regulator of Toll-like receptors pathway, or subject key transcription factors, such as NF-kappa B and AP-1, to a repressor mechanism. In contrast, the expression of some acute-phase proteins and other players of innate immunity generally requires GR signaling. Consequently, GRs must operate context-dependent inhibitory, permissive, or stimulatory effects on host defense signaling triggered by pathogens or tissue damage. This review aims to disclose how contradictory or comparable effects on inflammatory gene expression can depend on pharmacological approach (including selective GC receptor modulatorsSEGRMs), cell culture, animal treatment, or transgenic strategies used as models. Although the current view of GR-signaling integrated many advances in the field, some answers to important questions remain elusive.Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao PauloConselho National de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolOgicoUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Biochem, Sao Paulo, BrazilSanta Casa Sao Paulo Med Sch, Dept Physiol Sci, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, Dept Biochem, Sao Paulo, BrazilFAPESP: 2007/53732-8CNPq: 484869/2012-4Web of Scienc

A step towards a reinforcement learning de novo genome assembler

The use of reinforcement learning has proven to be very promising for solving complex activities without human supervision during their learning process. However, their successful applications are predominantly focused on fictional and entertainment problems - such as games. Based on the above, this work aims to shed light on the application of reinforcement learning to solve this relevant real-world problem, the genome assembly. By expanding the only approach found in the literature that addresses this problem, we carefully explored the aspects of intelligent agent learning, performed by the Q-learning algorithm, to understand its suitability to be applied in scenarios whose characteristics are more similar to those faced by real genome projects. The improvements proposed here include changing the previously proposed reward system and including state space exploration optimization strategies based on dynamic pruning and mutual collaboration with evolutionary computing. These investigations were tried on 23 new environments with larger inputs than those used previously. All these environments are freely available on the internet for the evolution of this research by the scientific community. The results suggest consistent performance progress using the proposed improvements, however, they also demonstrate the limitations of them, especially related to the high dimensionality of state and action spaces. We also present, later, the paths that can be traced to tackle genome assembly efficiently in real scenarios considering recent, successfully reinforcement learning applications - including deep reinforcement learning - from other domains dealing with high-dimensional inputs

Características populacionais de passeriformes na região subtropical do Brasil em relação ao paradigma latitudinal do ritmo de vida

Orientador : Prof. Dr. James J. RoperTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação. Defesa: Curitiba, 19/03/2015Inclui referênciasResumo: Teorias sobre a evolução de estratégias de vidas em aves classificam as espécies em dois grupos em relação ao balanceamento entre fecundidade e sobrevivência: entre ter estratégias de vida com maior investimento na reprodução (ritmo rápido), comum em zonas temperadas, ou na própria sobrevivência (ritmo lento), mais comuns na zona tropical. Entretanto, não há muitos estudos sobre a variabilidade de estratégias em regiões intermediárias, principalmente no hemisfério sul, como por exemplo, a região subtropical do Brasil. Neste estudo, a biologia reprodutiva de diversas espécies de Passeriformes desta região foi investigada por meio de três abordagens distintas para melhor entender a variabilidade das estratégias de reprodução e suas potenciais consequências para as taxas vitais de cada população. No primeiro capítulo, foram estudadas as características reprodutivas de uma espécie com origem e hábitos tropicais, baseado em três anos de marcação-recaptura e monitoramento de nidificações. No segundo foi explorada a relação entre os parâmetros reprodutivos e a influência destes na fecundidade entre diversas espécies, comparando-os com espécies de uma localidade na Argentina na mesma latitude. No terceiro, indivíduos de quatro espécies com estratégias de vida distintas foram monitorados por três anos, para investigar se a sobrevivência anual é de fato correlacionada à fecundidade. Como resultado, foi apresentado que uma espécie filogeneticamente tropical, quando habitando uma região subtropical, pode ter alguns componentes reprodutivos que remetem a uma estratégia de ritmo rápido, talvez motivados pela necessidade de se reproduzir mais rapidamente que seus parentes tropicais. Em uma escala mais ampla, variadas espécies em duas localidades subtropicais possuem padrões reprodutivos também variados, incluindo ambas estratégias, mesmo com uma clara limitação regional no período reprodutivo e consequentemente no potencial de fecundidade anual. Nestas condições, o tamanho da ninhada é o principal componente relativo à fecundidade na maioria das espécies de Passeriformes nesta região. Como consequência, a sobrevivência de adultos é inversamente relacionada ao tamanho da ninhada, evidenciando que as espécies nesta região enfrentam limitações energéticas, as quais podem ser também as responsáveis por favorecer diferentes adaptações locais em componentes biológicos importantes para o balanceamento das taxas de fecundidade e sobrevivência. Entretanto, outros fatores podem ser tão ou mais importantes que o tamanho da ninhada conforme cada grupo filogenético, aumentando a chance de ocorrência de vários padrões específicos de adaptação, definidos pela interação entre suas limitações filogenéticas e as interações com o ambiente em escala regional e local. Esta grande variabilidade no padrão de adaptação em escala local/regional é um fator importante a ser considerado para a entender evolução das diferentes estratégias de vida das aves. Palavras-chave: aves, ecologia, Floresta Atlântica, reprodução, sobrevivência, subtropical.Abstract: Life history theory has classifying species into two groups according to the trade-off among fecundity and survival: those that invest more in reproduction (fast-paced), common in temperate areas, and those that invest more in their own survival (slow-paced), more common in tropical areas. However, few studies were done in intermediary zones, especially in southern hemisphere, like the subtropical area in Brazil. Herein, breeding biology of several passerines in this region was studied in three different approaches to understand variability of breeding strategies and the consequences for population vital rates. In the first chapter, breeding traits of a tropical-origin bird were investigated by mark-resighting and nesting monitoring during three years. In the second, sources of variation in breeding components and consequences for fecundity of several species were explored, while comparing it with species in the same latitude in Argentina. In the third, adult survival of four contrasting and unrelated species was estimated to test whether survival would be inversely correlated with fecundity. The tropical-origin species when inhabiting subtropics had some breeding traits that resemble to fast-paced strategy, perhaps due to time constraints when comparing with their tropical relatives. In comparisons among subtropical locations, several species had a wide variety of breeding patterns, which includes a variety of fast-slow components, despite a clear regional limitation of breeding season length in Argentina. In this context, the clutch size is the most important fecundity component for most passerines, independent of location. Hence, adult survival is inversely related with fecundity, indicating that species in this region are under energetic constraints, which may favor the best local adjustments for the fecundity-survival trade-off of each species. However, other factors might be as well as or even more important, depending upon the taxa, and each species may have a unique sort of adaptation, according to their phylogenetic inertia and the local variation in the environmental interaction. This pattern is important and should be more incisively included in the life history theory. Key words: Atlantic forest, birds, breeding, ecology, survival, subtropical