Дискусійні питання історії ЗУНР

У статті аналізуються питання, які все ще залишаються в історіографії Західноукраїнської Народної Республіки. Автор звертає увагу на контроверсійні точки зору щодо революційних подій, які відбулися 1 листопада 1918 р. у Львові, стосовно часу існування ЗУНР, Акту злуки УНР та ЗУНР, причин поразки Української Галицької армії тощо.The author of the article analyses the questions that are still disputable in modern Ukrainian historiography. The author attracts our attention to the controversial points of view concerning the type of revolutionary events which took place on the 1 st of November 1918 in Lviv, concerning the time of WUPR existence, concerning the Act of Unification of Western Ukrainian People’s Republic end Ukrainian People’s Republic , concerning the reasons of the defeat of Ukrainian army, etc

In silico analysis of cytochrome p450 genes involved in the metabolism of diterpenes in Coffea.

Brazil is the largest world producer and exporter of coffee, being also the second largest consumer market. Among the main goals of coffee breeders, studies aiming the improvement of cup quality and plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses have extreme importance. Beverage nutraceutical properties and plant defense mechanisms are directly linked to diterpenes present in the lipid fraction of coffee beans, such as cafestol (Caf ) and caveol (Cav). Many members of P 450 gene family are involved in plant secondary metabolism, including diterpenes synthesis. In order to depict biochemical and genetic aspects of diterpenes byosinthesis, we did an in silico characterization of p450 gene family in Coffea spp., and we also quantified Caf and Cav in coffee fruit tissues for further gene expression studies involving diterpens metabolism. Using keyword and Blast search, 1396 ESTs related to Cyt p450 were selected from the Brazilian Coffee Genome Project (http://www.lge.ibi. unicamp.br/cafe). After assembling, we observed 157 putative unigenes, distributed in 92 contigs and 65 singlets. The contigs were analyzed using BLAST X versus public sequences databases (GenBank and Harvest Coffea), confirming their identity to 91 Cyt P450 genes. Expression profiles were inferred by electronic Northern blot of all contigs, allowing the selection of 7 candidate genes for transcriptional analysis based in fruit cDNA library expression. Caf and Cav were measured using HPLC in two different fruit developmental stages: 90 DAF (Days After Flowering) vs 120 DAF and in fruits (120 DAF) treated with 2?M methyl Jasmonate (MJ). Fruits at 120 DAF had an increase of 42% in Cav and 19% in Caf levels in relation to 90DAF fruits. MJ treatment resulted in samples with an average increase of 18% of Cav and 35% of Caf. RNAs were extracted from these samples for future transcriptional analyses. This study establish a platform for expression analysis of cyt P450 candidate genes in RNA samples from tissues with contrasting accumulation of Cav and Caf. (Texte intégral

Stock de carbono en especies arbóreas del espinal entrerriano

El objetivo fue estimar el stock de carbono (C) en la biomasa arbórea de los bosques nativos del Espinal y valorar el servicio ecosistémico que prestan como secuestradores de C ante escenarios de cambio climático. El estudio se desarrolló en el área de bosques nativos de Entre Ríos. Se cuantificó la biomasa arbórea aérea y la fracción de C por componente (fuste, ramas ≥5cm de diámetro y <5cm) de las especies dominantes (Prosopis affinis, Vachellia caven y P.nigra). Se obtuvieron para cada especie, modelos alométricos de alta precisión y factores de expansión de la biomasa, que constituyen herramientas de utilidad para estimar el C almacenado en estos ecosistemas. Los bosques nativos del Espinal entrerriano almacenan en promedio en su biomasa arbórea aérea, un stock de 43,99±10,43 tC/ha, que representan 161,44 t CO2/ha capturados de la atmósfera. Se estimó una tasa promedio de captura y fijación de C de 0,75±0,17 tC/ha/año. Este valor indica que en promedio, 1 ha de bosque nativo secuestra 2,75 t CO2/año. La información generada permite valorar el servicio ambiental que brindan los bosques nativos del Espinal entrerriano como sumidero de C en un escenario de cambio climático, siendo prioritaria su protección contra la deforestación y degradación. ARK: http://id.caicyt.gov.ar/ark:/s22504559/1pkod656v