Assembleia de ermitões nas proximidades de ilhas costeiras do sudeste do Brasil

An assortment of environmental factors may limit the permanence of hermit crabs in the environment, and determination of certain ecological indices can reveal the current conditions of the assemblage. This study evaluated the assemblage of hermit crabs near two islands adjacent to areas with fishing activity. Hermit crabs were collected monthly near Couves and Mar Virado islands on the southeastern coast of Brazil, from January through December 1998. Environmental factors were also recorded monthly. Ecological indices including species richness, diversity, evenness and dominance were calculated. The environmental characteristics differed between the islands, which helps to explain the differences in the composition of hermit crabs between the locations. Hermit crabs were significantly more abundant near Couves Island, where, according to the canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), the environmental parameters varied less. The Monte Carlo test (P < 0.05) confirmed the CCA model, indicating a strong correlation between the species of hermit crabs, bottom and surface water temperatures, and sediment organic-matter content. The presence of ovigerous females throughout the year indicates that these areas are favorable for reproduction. These results indicate that the environmental heterogeneity allows the establishment of different species of hermit crabs, influencing species richness and abundance of individuals in the ecosystem. These conditions favor the establishment of diverse benthic communities near the studied islands.Keywords: Diogenidae, Paguridae, diversity, abundance, multivariate analysis, Dardanus insignis, Loxopagurus loxochelis.Uma variedade de fatores ambientais pode limitar a permanência de ermitões no ambiente, sendo que alguns índices ecológicos podem revelar as condições da assembleia. Este trabalho avalia a assembleia de ermitões em duas ilhas adjacentes a regiões com atividade pesqueira. Os ermitões foram coletados mensalmente nas ilhas das Couves e do Mar Virado, pertencentes ao litoral sudeste brasileiro, no período de janeiro a dezembro de 1998. Fatores ambientais também foram registrados mensalmente. Índices ecológicos como riqueza, diversidade, equidade e dominância foram calculados. As características ambientais foram diferentes entre as ilhas, o que pode explicar as diferenças na composição de espécies entre os locais. A abundância de indivíduos foi significativamente maior na ilha das Couves, a qual apresenta, segundo a análise de correspondência canônica (CCA), menores oscilações em suas variáveis ambientais. O teste de Monte Carlo (P < 0.05) confirmou a robustez da CCA, evidenciando uma forte correspondência entre as espécies de ermitões, temperatura de fundo e superfície e teor de matéria orgânica. A presença de fêmeas ovígeras ao longo do ano também aponta as áreas como propícias à reprodução. Desta maneira, os resultados permitem concluir que a heterogeneidade dos ambientes permite o estabelecimento de diferentes espécies de ermitões, influenciando a riqueza de espécies e a abundância de indivíduos no ecossistema local. Tal condição propicia o estabelecimento de comunidades bentônicas distintas nas ilhas estudadas.Palavras-chave: Diogenidae, Paguridae, diversidade, abundância, análise multivariada, Dardanus insignis, Loxopagurus loxochelis

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Composição, biologia reprodutiva e dinâmica populacional da taxocenose de portunoidea (Crustacea, Decapoda): variações temporais ao longo do gradiente latitudinal e fenômeno da ressurgência

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Efeito da cor e da presença de refúgio artificial sobre o desenvolvimento e sobrevivência de alevinos de Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v26i1.1659

The development and survival of sexually-reverted Nile tilapias (Oreochromis niloticus) fry, bred in artificial havens of different colors, are provided. Research was carried out during 28 days, with 240 fry of the Nile tilapia, initial average weight 0.51 ± 0.11g. Animals were distributed in 24 50L-aquariums, in a randomized experimental design in six treatments (haven-less and havens in white, blue, brown, red and green) and four replications. At the end of the experimental period, variable total biomass, condition factor, lot uniformity and survival were analyzed. Weight and length uniformity and factor of condition were affected by the colors of the treatments. Blue treatment had the best uniformity. Factor of condition was best in treatments with brown, red, blue and white havens. Actually they differed significantly from control and green treatments. It may be concluded that presence and coloration of haven partially affected the development of Nile tilapiasCom o objetivo de avaliar o desenvolvimento e a sobrevivência de alevinos revertidos de tilápias do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus), cultivados sob condições de refúgios artificiais de diferentes colorações, realizou-se o presente trabalho, durante 28 dias, utilizando 240 alevinos de tilápia do Nilo com peso inicial médio de 0,51g ± 0,11g. Os animais foram distribuídos em 24 aquários com capacidade para 50L, em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com 6 tratamentos (sem refúgios e com refúgios nas cores branca, azul, marrom, vermelho e verde) e 4 repetições. Ao final do período experimental, foram analisadas as variáveis biomassa total média, fator de condição, uniformidade do lote e de sobrevivência. Observou-se que a uniformidade de peso e comprimento e o fator de condição foram influenciados pelas cores dos tratamentos, sendo que o tratamento com refúgio azul apresentou maior uniformidade. Concluiu-se, portanto, que a presença e a coloração do refúgio influenciam em parte do desenvolvimento de tilápias do Nil

Survival and behavior of silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen, submitted to antibiotics and sodium chloride treatments

In order to evaluate the use of antibiotics and NaCl on the behavior and survival of silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen, infested by Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and infected with Aeromonas hydrophila, juveniles were treated with chloramphenicol, chloramphenicol + salt, oxytetracycline, oxytetracycline + salt and water alone (control). Fish survival in the treatments with chloramphenicol + salt and oxytetracycline + salt was significantly higher than in the other treatments. The treatment with chloramphenicol presented higher survival than the treatment with oxytetracycline and both showed significantly higher survival than control. Swimming activity was higher in the fish treated with antibiotics and salt compared to control fish. A combination of the studied antibiotics plus salt is more effective to treat both A. hydrophila infection and I. multifiliis infestation in silver catfish, but since the use of chloramphenicol is not allowed in Brazil, oxytetracycline plus salt seems to be the best treatment option

<b>Canibalismo entre larvas de pintado, <em>Pseudoplatystoma corruscans</em>, cultivadas sob diferentes densidades de estocagem</b> - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v26i3.1543 <b>Cannibalism among larvae of <em>Pseudoplatystoma corruscans</em> bred under different stockage densities</b> - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v26i3.1543

Com o objetivo de verificar o desenvolvimento, sobrevivência e canibalismo entre larvas de pintado, <em>Pseudoplatystoma corruscans</em> (Pimelodidae) confinadas sob diferentes densidades de estocagem em condições de laboratório, foi desenvolvido um experimento no Laboratório de Aqüicultura da Universidade Estadual de Maringá, perfazendo um período de 72 horas, onde foram utilizadas 500 larvas com 96 horas de vida e peso inicial de 2,2 &plusmn; 0,3mg. Estas foram distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro tratamentos e cinco repetições, em recipientes de 700mL, cujas densidades variaram de 14, 28, 42 e 56 larvas/L. As variáveis analisadas foram mortalidade natural, mortalidade por predação intra-específica e peso final. Ao final, verificou-se que o aumento da densidade afetou de forma negativa o desenvolvimento e provocou um aumento linear nas taxas de mortalidade e canibalismo entre os animais. Concluiu-se que, à medida que se aumenta a concentração de larvas de pintado, ocorre redução não apenas no desempenho, mas também na taxa de sobrevivência<br>The development, survival and cannibalism among larvae of the <em>pintado, Pseudoplatystoma corruscans</em> (Pimelodidae) are verified. Larvae were confined at different stockage densities in lab conditions. The experiment was developed at the Aquaculture Lab of the State University of Maringá, during 72 hours, with 500 larvae aged 96 hours, initial weight 2.2 &plusmn; 0.3mg. Larvae were distributed in an entirely randomized design with four treatments and five repetitions, in 700mL-containers, at densities varied 14, 28, 42 and 56 larvae per L. Natural mortality, mortality by intraspecies predation and final weight were the variables analyzed. After finished, density increase affected negatively the larvae’s development. It also caused a linear increase in mortality rates and in cannibalism among the animals. Increase in concentration of pintado larvae was proportional to decrease in performance and in survival rat

Distribución ontogenética de Callinectes ornatus (Decapoda, Portunoidea) en el sureste de Brasil

Made available in DSpace on 2019-09-12T16:32:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013The spatial and seasonal distribution of different demographic groups of the swimming crab Callinectes ornatus was analyzed with respect to its population biology in three bays (Ubatumirim, Ubatuba, and Mar Virado) in southeastern Brazil. In each bay, monthly sampling was performed during two years along six transects, established at 5, 10, 15, and 20 m depth (parallel to the beach line), in a wave-sheltered area (7.5 m depth), and at an exposed site (10 m depth). Total abundance of crabs was similar among the bays. The presence of immature individuals, adult females, and breeding females was positively correlated with the bottom and surface temperatures, whereas adult males showed an opposite trend with respect to these factors. Immature and smaller individuals were most abundant along the sheltered and shallower transects. Males were more abundant along the shallower transects, and females at 15 and 20 m. This study revealed that different demographic groups occupy the habitat in different ways, according to local features. In general, southeastern Brazil offers a range of conditions that favor reproduction and consequently the maintenance and growth of the local population of C. ornatus, contributing to the relatively high abundance of the species in this coastal area.Se analizó la distribución espacial y temporal de distintos grupos demográficos del cangrejo nadador Callinectes ornatus en cuanto a su biologia poblacional en tres bahias (Ubatumirim, Ubatuba y Mar Virado) en el sureste de Brasil. En cada bahia se realizaron muestreos mensuales durante dos años en seis transectos, establecidos a 5, 10, 15 y 20 m de profundidad (paralelo a la linea de costa), en una zona protegida del oleaje (7.5 m de profundidad) y en un sitio expuesto al oleaje (10 m de profundidad). La abundancia total de cangrejos fue similar entre bahias. Se observó una correlación positiva entre la presencia de individuos inmaduros, hembras adultas y hembras ovigeras con la temperatura del fondo y superficial, mientras que los machos adultos mostraron una tendencia opuesta con respecto a estos factores. La mayor abundancia de individuos inmaduros y pequeños fue detectada en los transectos protegidos y menos profundos. Los machos fueron más abundantes en los transectos menos profundos, y las hembras a 15 y 20 m de profundidad. Este estudio reveló que los diferentes grupos demográficos ocupan el hábitat de diferentes maneras, de acuerdo con las caracteristicas locales. En general, el sureste de Brasil ofrece diferentes condiciones que favorecen la reproducción y consecuentemente la continuidad y el crecimiento de la población local de C. ornatus, contribuyendo a la relativamente alta abundancia de la especie en esta zona costera.[Fransozo, Vivian] Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, BrazilCobo, Valter José] Universidade de Taubaté, BrazilAndrade, Luciana Segura de; Castilho, Antônio Leão; Fransozo, Adilson] Universidade Estadual Paulista, BrazilBertini, Giovana] Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brazi

Ontogenetic distribution of Callinectes ornatus (Decapoda, Portunoidea) in southeastern Brazil

The spatial and seasonal distribution of different demographic groups of the swimming crab Callinectes ornatus was analyzed with respect to its population biology in three bays (Ubatumirim, Ubatuba, and Mar Virado) in southeastern Brazil. In each bay, monthly sampling was performed during two years along six transects, established at 5, 10, 15, and 20 m depth (parallel to the beach line), in a wave-sheltered area (7.5 m depth), and at an exposed site (10 m depth). Total abundance of crabs was similar among the bays. The presence of immature individuals, adult females, and breeding females was positively correlated with the bottom and surface temperatures, whereas adult males showed an opposite trend with respect to these factors. Immature and smaller individuals were most abundant along the sheltered and shallower transects. Males were more abundant along the shallower transects, and females at 15 and 20 m. This study revealed that different demographic groups occupy the habitat in different ways, according to local features. In general, southeastern Brazil offers a range of conditions that favor reproduction and consequently the maintenance and growth of the local population of C. ornatus, contributing to the relatively high abundance of the species in this coastal area.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP