25 research outputs found
PhĂ©notypage de lâasthme chez lâathlĂšte
Lâasthme est une maladie frĂ©quente dans la population gĂ©nĂ©rale. La prĂ©valence de lâasthme chez les athlĂštes dâendurance de haut niveau est cependant encore plus Ă©levĂ©e que dans la population gĂ©nĂ©rale. Depuis quelques annĂ©es, lâasthme est reconnu comme une maladie hĂ©tĂ©rogĂšne. Une façon dâoptimiser la prise en charge de la maladie est de former des sous-groupes de patients plus homogĂšnes basĂ©s sur les caractĂ©ristiques cliniques afin de mieux cibler la thĂ©rapie. Ces sous-groupes sont appelĂ©s des phĂ©notypes. Ceux-ci sont souvent dĂ©terminĂ©s Ă partir dâanalyses statistiques appelĂ©es « analyses de clusters ». Cinq principaux phĂ©notypes dâasthme sont prĂ©sentement dĂ©crits et acceptĂ©s dans la population gĂ©nĂ©rale. Cependant, les caractĂ©ristiques de lâasthme des athlĂštes sont trĂšs diffĂ©rentes de celles de la population gĂ©nĂ©rale. Ainsi, les phĂ©notypes ont trĂšs peu de chances dâĂȘtre les mĂȘmes dans les deux populations. Une seule Ă©tude a prĂ©sentement Ă©tĂ© faite chez cette population et a montrĂ© deux principaux phĂ©notypes chez les athlĂštes. Dâailleurs, un des deux clusters retrouvĂ©s Ă©tait totalement diffĂ©rent des phĂ©notypes prĂ©sentement reconnus dans la population gĂ©nĂ©rale. Notre Ă©tude prĂ©sente tout dâabord la population globale dâathlĂštes dâendurance asthmatiques afin de mieux dĂ©crire ses caractĂ©ristiques particuliĂšres. Ensuite elle dĂ©montre les phĂ©notypes retrouvĂ©s dans cette population. Nos rĂ©sultats confirment que les phĂ©notypes des athlĂštes dâendurance sont diffĂ©rents de ceux de la population gĂ©nĂ©rale et suggĂšrent Ă©galement un impact du milieu dâentraĂźnement dans le dĂ©veloppement de la maladie. Ces rĂ©sultats pourraient permettre dâinstaurer des mesures prĂ©ventives pour ralentir ou mĂȘme possiblement empĂȘcher lâapparition de la maladie dans une population dâathlĂštes bien sĂ©lectionnĂ©e.Asthma is a common disease in the general population. The prevalence of asthma is even higher in endurance athletes. In the last decade it has been recognized that asthma is an heterogenous disease. Hence, one way to optimize care for asthmatic patients is to describe sub groups of patients with a disease that is more homogenous in order to better target therapy. Those subgroups are named phenotypes. They are usually identified through a cluster analysis. Five main phenotypes of asthma are currently described and accepted by the scientific community in the general population. Asthma determinants are however quite different between athletes and the general population. For this reason, there is a high likelihood that the clusters in both populations are different. Only one clustering study has been conducted in athletes with asthma. This study showed two clusters and one of them was not compatible with the clusters currently described in the general population. Our study first describes our population of endurance athletes and the overall characteristics of asthma in those last. Next, we show the phenotypes within the population. Our results confirm that the phenotypes of asthmatic athletes are different of the one observed in the general population and suggests that their training environment might have an impact on the development of their disease. Those results could potentially lead to the implementation of preventive measures that could slow or even possibly prevent the development of asthma for selected athletes
Prioritization of candidate causal genes for asthma in susceptibility loci derived from UK Biobank
Kim Valette et al. perform a genomic study on asthma integrating genome-wide association study, functional mapping using lung and blood transcriptome-wide profiles, as well as Mendelian randomization. They show candidate causal genes expressed in lung and blood tissues that are putative therapeutic targets for asthma
Serge Tousignant : jeux d'espaces, jeux de regards : le catalogue
L'exposition qui fait l'objet de ce catalogue a malheureusement Ă©tĂ© annulĂ©e Ă cause de la pandĂ©mie, mais elle aurait dĂ» se tenir au Carrefour des arts et des sciences de lâUniversitĂ© de MontrĂ©al du 8 avril au 12 juin 2020.Catalogue d'exposition prĂ©parĂ© Ă l'hiver 2020 dans le cadre du cours HAR 6080 / MSL 6509 : MusĂ©ologie et histoire de l'art, donnĂ© par la professeure Christine Bernier.Catalogue prĂ©parĂ© sous la direction de Christine Bernie
Association between T2-related co-morbidities and effectiveness of biologics in severe asthma
Acknowledgments The authors thank Mr. Joash Tan (BSc, Hons), of the Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute (OPRI), and Ms Andrea Lim (BSc, Hons) of the Observational Pragmatic Research Institute (OPRI) for their editorial and formatting assistance that supported the development of this publication. Funding statement: This study was conducted by the Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute (OPRI) Pte Ltd and was partially funded by Optimum Patient Care Global and AstraZeneca Ltd. AstraZeneca UK LimitedPeer reviewe
Analyse des savoirs mobiliseÌs par des stagiaires en enseignement pour eÌvaluer leurs eÌleÌves
Cet article preÌsente les reÌsultats dâune recherche qualitative-interpreÌtative portant sur la mobilisation des savoirs en eÌvaluation de cinq stagiaires en eÌducation preÌscolaire et en enseignement primaire. Les donneÌes ont eÌteÌ collecteÌes par le biais de 10 observations en situation reÌelle et de 10 entretiens dâautoconfrontation. Lâanalyse des reÌsultats met en eÌvidence les difficulteÌs des stagiaires aÌ mobiliser leurs savoirs en lien avec la planification et aÌ cibler les objets dâapprentissage. Cela a pour effet que lâeÌvaluation se reÌalise uniquement en fin dâactiviteÌ, et ce, dans une fonction de veÌrification des acquis. Lâarticle conclut en proposant un modeÌle qui hieÌrarchise les diffeÌrents types de savoirs et en proposant quelques pistes pour lâaccompagnement du stagiaire par lâenseignant associeÌ.This paper presents the results of a qualitative-interpretative study on the mobilization of assessment knowledge of five teacher candidates. The data was collected by the conduct of 10 in-class observations and 10 self-confrontation interviews. Based on the analysis of the results, teacher candidates primarily face challenges associated with knowledge of learning design and targeting learning objectives. As a result, the assessment activities are only carried out at the end of each lesson to confirm what has been learned. This article concludes by proposing a model that ranks the different types of assessment knowledge while proposing accompaniment strategies destined to teacher candidate supervisors
Ălaboration et validation dâun test de concordance de script pour Ă©valuer le raisonnement clinique des infirmiĂšres en contexte de dĂ©tĂ©rioration de la condition clinique
Contexte : La complexité des situations
cliniques en milieu hospitalier exige, chez les infirmiĂšres, un
raisonnement clinique solide pour interpréter les signes de détérioration
clinique de leurs patients. But : Ălaborer un test
de concordance de script (TCS) Ă©valuant le raisonnement clinique infirmier
en contexte de détérioration clinique en milieu hospitalier et évaluer
ses qualités psychométriques et son appréciation. Méthode :
Un TCS de 22 scénarios et de 88 items a été élaboré, puis administré
Ă 47 infirmiĂšres novices et 21 expertes. Un coefficient alpha de
Cronbach a servi à évaluer la cohérence interne et un test-retest
avec 12 participantes, la stabilité temporelle. La validité du contenu
a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©e Ă lâaide des indices de la validitĂ© du
contenu (IVC) et la validitĂ© de construit discriminante, avec lâĂ©tude
des groupes extrĂȘmes. RĂ©sultats : AprĂšs son optimisation, le TCS
contient 20 scénarios et 68 items. Son coefficient alpha de Cronbach
est de 0,76. LâĂ©tude de la stabilitĂ© temporelle a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© une corrĂ©lation
intra-classe modérée (r = 0,554 ; IC à 95 % = 0,002,
0,847). LâIVC de la pertinence et de la clartĂ© du TCS Ă©taient respectivement
de 0,995 et de 0,993. Les scores des novices étaient moins élevés
que ceux des expertes (p < 0,05). Il y avait
une relation linéaire positive significative entre les scores et
lâexpertise clinique (p < 0,05). Son apprĂ©ciation
est généralement bonne. Conclusion : Cette étude a rendu disponible
un TCS standardisĂ© pour Ă©valuer le raisonnement clinique dâinfirmiĂšres
en contexte de détérioration clinique en milieu hospitalier
Phenotyping the Responses to Systemic Corticosteroids in the Management of Asthma Attacks (PRISMA): protocol for an observational and translational pilot study
Abstract: Introduction Asthma and its associated exacerbation are heterogeneous. Although severe asthma attacks are systematically prescribed corticosteroids and often antibiotics, little is known about the variability of response to these therapies. Blood eosinophils and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) are type 2 inflammation biomarkers that have established mechanistic, prognostic and theragnostic values in chronic asthma, but their utility in acute asthma is unclear. We speculate that the clinical and biological response to those treatments varies according to inflammometry and microbiological test results. Methods and analysis An observational longitudinal pilot study with multimodal clinical and translational assessments will be performed on 50 physician-diagnosed â„12-year-old asthmatics presenting with an asthma attack and 12 healthy controls, including blood eosinophil count (venous and point-of-care (POC) capillary blood), FeNO and testing for airway infection (sputum cultures and POC nasopharyngeal swabs). People with asthma will be assessed on day 0 and after a 7-day corticosteroid course, with home monitoring performed in between. The primary analysis will be the change in the forced expiratory volume in 1 s according to type 2 inflammatory status (blood eosinophils â„0.15Ă109 /L and/or FeNO â„25 ppb) after treatment. Key secondary analyses will compare changes in symptom scores and the proportion of patients achieving a minimal clinically important difference. Exploratory analyses will assess the relationship between clinical, lung function, inflammatory and microbiome parameters; satisfaction plus reliability indices of POC tests; and sexâ gender variability in treatment response. Ultimately, this pilot study will serve to plan a larger trial comparing the clinical and biological response to systemic corticosteroids according to inflammatory biomarkers, offering valuable guidance for more personalised therapeutic strategies in asthma attacks. Ethics and dissemination The protocol has been approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the CIUSSS de l'EstrieâCHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada (#2023- 4687). Results will be communicated in an international meeting and submitted to a peer-reviewed journal
Lâatlas des territoires dâintĂ©rĂȘt pour la conservation dans les basses-terres du Saint-Laurent : un outil pour orienter la conservation des milieux naturels dans le sud du QuĂ©bec
Comparativement au reste du QuĂ©bec, les basses-terres du Saint-Laurent (BTSL) sont connues pour hĂ©berger une grande diversitĂ© biologique et de nombreuses espĂšces en situation prĂ©caire. Câest aussi lĂ que se concentrent les activitĂ©s anthropiques qui portent atteinte Ă lâintĂ©gritĂ© des Ă©cosystĂšmes. Un atlas des territoires dâintĂ©rĂȘt a Ă©tĂ© produit pour dĂ©terminer les territoires des BTSL oĂč des actions de conservation sont requises (Jobin et collab., 2019a). Les cibles de conservation (filtre grossier) retenues sont les milieux forestiers, les milieux humides, les milieux ouverts (friches, prairies agricoles) et les milieux aquatiques. Les sites dâintĂ©rĂȘt ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©terminĂ©s par la sĂ©lection de ceux ayant une trĂšs haute valeur de conservation (prĂ©sence dâespĂšces en situation prĂ©caire, dâaires protĂ©gĂ©es, etc.), puis par une analyse de priorisation multicritĂšre. Des Ă©lĂ©ments du filtre fin sont aussi illustrĂ©s (p. ex., des frayĂšres ou des colonies dâoiseaux). Cet article prĂ©sente un survol des rĂ©sultats de lâatlas des BTSL, des applications des rĂ©sultats et des possibilitĂ©s dâutilisation pour les acteurs actifs en conservation des milieux naturels au QuĂ©bec. Puisque les donnĂ©es gĂ©ospatiales associĂ©es aux sites dâintĂ©rĂȘt sont disponibles, les utilisateurs peuvent les consulter pour connaĂźtre prĂ©cisĂ©ment lâemplacement des sites dâintĂ©rĂȘt et adapter lâanalyse de ces donnĂ©es Ă leur rĂ©alitĂ© territoriale.Compared to the rest of Quebec (Canada), the St. Lawrence Lowlands (SLL) exhibit a particularly high biological diversity, and are home to many species at risk. This part of the province is also where anthropogenic activities that affect ecosystem integrity are concentrated. An atlas of sites of conservation interest within the SLL has recently been produced to identify locations where conservation actions are required (Jobin et al., 2019a). The conservation targets (coarse filter) are woodlands, wetlands, open habitats (e.g., old fields and perennial crops) and aquatic environments. Sites of interest were determined by first selecting those of very high conservation value (e.g., presence of species at risk and protected areas), followed by a multi-criteria prioritization analysis. Local sites of importance for biodiversity (fine filter) are also provided, such as fish spawning grounds and bird colonies. This article presents an overview of the results of the atlas, possible applications of the results and potential uses for stakeholders involved in the conservation of natural areas in Quebec. As geospatial data are available for the sites of interest, users can identify their location and adapt the information presented to their particular area