Resiliência e problemas de saúde mental em crianças e adolescentes vítimas de violência

OBJECTIVE: To understand the process of resilience (social support and resources of the family environment) and the chance of mental health problems in children and adolescents (9–16 years) who have been victims of domestic violence, assisted in specialized services (Group 1 – G1) and in school services without reports of domestic violence (Group 2 – G2). METHODS: Various semi-structured instruments were applied to the pairs (guardian and child or adolescent): the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ); the Resiliency Scales for Children and Adolescents (RSCA), including Scale I (SI – sense of control), Scale II (SII – relationship skills) and Scale III (SIII – emotional reactivity); the Social Support Appraisals; the Home Environment Resources Scale and a questionnaire created by the authors to characterize the population. RESULTS: There was no difference in the prevalence of resilience between G1 and G2. Children and adolescents of both groups had a higher chance of low resilience in the absence of perception of social support from the teacher (SI; SIII) and other people in the community (SI; SII). Girls had higher chance of low resilience (SIII). The establishment of routine or rules in the lives of the children and adolescents facilitated the development of resilience (SIII). In G1, the prevalence of mental health problems was 65% for the self-application version of the SDQ for children and adolescents (SDQ/CA) and 54% for the version answered by the guardians (SDQ/G). In G2, it was 33% for SDQ/CA and 37.9% for SDQ/G. Domestic violence against children and adolescents was a risk factor for the development of mental disorders (SDQ/G). Subjects with low resilience (SI) had a higher chance of developing mental health problems (SDQ/CA). Despite originating from the same regions, the groups had socioeconomic differences, which showed no relationship with resilience. CONCLUSIONS: The quality and perception of social support and resources present in the home environment may have facilitated the development of resilience in the studied children and adolescents. Violence may have increased the chance of mental health problems, domestic violence being an aggravating factor. There is need for research on aspects that predict resilience and investment in intervention strategies for this population, as a way to promote mental health.OBJETIVO: Compreender o processo de resiliência (suporte social e recursos do ambiente familiar) e a chance de problemas de saúde mental em crianças e adolescentes (9–16 anos) vítimas de violência doméstica acompanhados em serviços especializados (Grupo 1 – G1) e em escolares sem relatos de situações de violência doméstica (Grupo 2 – G2). MÉTODOS: Diversos instrumentos semiestruturados foram aplicados às díades (responsável e criança ou adolescente): Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ); Resiliency Scales for Children and Adolescents (RSCA), incluindo a Escala I (EI – sentido do controle), a Escala II (EII – capacidade de relacionamento) e a Escala III (EIII – reatividade emocional); Social Support Appraisals; Inventário de Recursos no Ambiente Familiar e um questionário elaborado pelos autores para caracterizar a população. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença na prevalência de resiliência entre G1 e G2. As crianças e adolescentes de ambos os grupos tiveram maior chance de baixa resiliência na ausência de percepção do suporte social do professor (EI; EIII) e de outras pessoas da comunidade (EI; EII). Meninas apresentaram maior chance de baixa resiliência (EIII). O estabelecimento de rotina ou regras na vida das crianças e adolescentes facilitou o desenvolvimento da resiliência (EIII). No G1 a prevalência de problemas de saúde mental foi de 65% pela versão de autoaplicação do SDQ para crianças e adolescentes (SDQ/CA) e de 54% pela versão respondida pelos responsáveis (SDQ/R). No G2 foi de 33% pelo SDQ/CA e de 37,9% pelo SDQ/R. A violência doméstica infantojuvenil foi fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de transtornos mentais (SDQ/R). Os sujeitos com baixa resiliência (EI) apresentaram maior chance de problemas de saúde mental (SDQ/CA). Embora provenientes das mesmas regiões, os grupos apresentaram diferenças socioeconômicas, as quais não apresentaram relação com a resiliência. CONCLUSÕES: A qualidade e percepção do suporte social e de recursos presentes no ambiente familiar podem ter facilitado o desenvolvimento da resiliência nas crianças e adolescentes estudados. A violência pode ter aumentado a chance de problemas de saúde mental, sendo a violência doméstica um agravante. Há necessidade de pesquisas sobre os aspectos preditores de resiliência e de investimento em estratégias de intervenção para esta população, como forma de promover a saúde mental

Characterization of mothers, mode of deliveries and newborns in Campinas, São Paulo, 2001 and 2005

OBJETIVO: Comparar dados pré-natais, dos partos e dos recém-nascidos de Campinas em 2001 e 2005. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal que analisou 13.656 documentos do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (Sinasc) de 2005, comparando-as aos resultados de 2001. Analisou-se o local de moradia e parto, idade materna, estado civil, escolaridade, ocupação, paridade, consultas de pré-natal, tipo de parto, duração da gestação e peso ao nascer. Para avaliar a associação entre as variáveis, utilizou-se o teste de qui-quadrado, sendo significante p<0,05. RESULTADOS: Os nascidos nos Distritos de Saúde (DS) com piores índices de condições de vida (ICV) diminuíram em relação a 2001. A taxa de adolescentes passou de 17,7% para 14,7%. Em 2001, 39,4% das mães trabalhavam e, em 2005, 42,9%. Quanto à presença de companheiro, 35,9 e 54,3% não o referiam em 2001 e 2005, respectivamente. A escolaridade passou de 37,8% de mães com até sete anos de estudo para 25,7%, com aumento das que estudaram entre oito e 11 anos e 12 anos ou mais. O comparecimento a mais de seis consultas no pré-natal passou de 74,4 para 86,6%. Houve aumento de cesáreas (54,9 para 60,3%) e de prematuridade (7,1 para 8,9%). Não houve alteração no perfil de peso ao nascimento. CONCLUSÕES: Verificou-se queda da paridade nos DS com piores ICV e no percentual de mães adolescentes. Elevou-se o número de trabalhadoras, mulheres sem companheiro, escolaridade e frequência ao pré-natal.OBJECTIVE: To compare data related to prenatal care, deliveries and newborns from Campinas, Brazil, in 2001 and 2005. METHODS: This cross-sectional study analyzed 13,656 Live Birth Certificates from 2005, comparing them to of 2001. The analyzed variables were: place of birth and dwelling, maternal age, marital status, schooling, number of births, number of prenatal consultations, mode of delivery, length of pregnancy and birthweight. Association between variables was evaluated by the chi-square test, being significant p<0.05. RESULTS: In 2005, there was a decrease in the number of newborns from Health Districts with worse living conditions in comparison to 2001. The rate of teenage pregnancies varied from 17.7% in 2001 to 14.7% in 2005. Working mothers were 42.9% of the sample in 2005 and 39.4% in 2001. In 2005, single mothers were 54.3% compared to 35.9% in 2001. Mothers with seven or less years of schooling were 37.8% in 2001, compared to 25.7% in 2005. In 2005, 86.6% of mothers had more than six prenatal visits compared to 74.4% in 2001. There was an increase in the rates of cesarean section (from 54.9% in 2001 to 60.3% in 2005) and prematurity (from 7.1% in 2001 to 8.9% in 2005). No significant changes in birthweight were observed. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows a decrease in the rate of births in the Health Districts with worse conditions of living and in teenage pregnancies. Rates of working mothers, single mothers, years of schooling, number of prenatal consultations increased

Use of non-invasive ventilation in acute pulmonary edema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation in emergency medicine: predictors of failure

OBJECTIVE: This study analyzed acute respiratory failure caused by acute pulmonary edema, as well as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation, that was treated with non-invasive mechanical ventilation to identify the factors that are associated with the success or failure non-invasive mechanical ventilation in urgent and emergency service. METHODS: This study was a prospective, descriptive and analytical study. We included patients of both genders aged &gt;18 years who used non-invasive mechanical ventilation due to acute respiratory failure that was secondary to acute pulmonary edema or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation. Patients with acute respiratory failure that was secondary to pathologies other than acute pulmonary edema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or who presented with contraindications for the technique were excluded. Expiratory pressures between 5 and 8 cmH2O and inspiratory pressures between 10 and 12 cmH2O were used. Supplemental oxygen maintained peripheral oxygen saturation at &gt;90%. The primary outcome was endotracheal intubation. RESULTS: A total of 152 patients were included. The median non-invasive mechanical ventilation time was 6 hours (range 1 - 32 hours) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients (n=60) and 5 hours (range 2 - 32 hours) for acute pulmonary edema patients (n=92). Most (75.7%) patients progressed successfully. However, reduced APACHE II scores and lower peripheral oxygen saturation were observed. These results were statistically significant in patients who progressed to intubation (p<0.001). BiPAP (Bi-level Positive Airway Pressure portable ventilator), as continuous positive airway pressure use increased the probability of endotracheal intubation 2.3 times (p=0.032). Patients with acute pulmonary edema and elevated GCS scores also increased the probability of success. CONCLUSION: Respiratory frequency &gt;25 rpm, higher APACHE II scores, BiPAP use and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease diagnosis were associated with endotracheal intubation. Higher GCS and SpO2 values were associated with NIV success. Non-invasive mechanical ventilation can be used in emergency services in acute respiratory failure cases caused by acute pulmonary edema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation, but patients with variables related to a higher percentage of endotracheal intubation should be specially monitored.OBJETIVO: Analisar os casos de insuficiência respiratória aguda decorrente de edema agudo de pulmão e de agudização da doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica, submetidos à ventilação mecânica não invasiva, a fim de identificar fatores associados ao sucesso ou ao insucesso do método em um serviço de urgência e emergência. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo e analítico prospectivo. Foram incluídos pacientes de ambos os gêneros, com idade &gt;18 anos, que utilizaram ventilação mecânica não invasiva devido ao quadro de insuficiência respiratória secundária a edema agudo de pulmão ou agudização da doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica. Foram excluídos os pacientes com insuficiência respiratória aguda secundária a patologias diferentes de edema agudo de pulmão e doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica, ou que apresentavam contraindicação para a técnica. A rotina da instituição é utilizar a pressão expiratória entre 5 e 8 cmH2O, e a inspiratória entre 10 a 12 cmH2O, além de suplementação de oxigênio para manter a saturação periférica de oxigênio &gt;90%. A variável desfecho considerada foi a intubação endotraqueal. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 152 pacientes. A mediana do tempo de ventilação mecânica não invasiva foi de 6 (1 - 32) horas para os pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (n=60) e de 5 (2 - 32) horas para os pacientes com edema agudo de pulmão (n=92); 75,7% evoluíram com sucesso. Foram observados pior escore de APACHE II e menor saturação periférica de oxigênio, de forma estatisticamente significante, nos pacientes que evoluíram para intubação (p<0,001). O uso de BiPAP relacionou-se a 2,3 vezes mais chance de ocorrência de intubação endotraqueal que o de CPAP (p=0,032). Entre os pacientes com diagnóstico de edema agudo de pulmão e com pontuação mais elevada na ECG também apresentaram mais chance de sucesso CONCLUSÃO: As variáveis associadas à intubação endotraqueal foram frequência respiratória &gt; 25rpm, maior valor de APACHE II, uso de BiPAP e diagnóstico de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica. Já maiores valores de ECG e SpO2 estão associados ao sucesso da ventilação mecânica não invasiva. A ventilação mecânica não invasiva pode ser utilizada em serviços de urgência/emergência para casos de insuficiência respiratória aguda decorrente de edema agudo de pulmão e exacerbação da doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica, com cuidado especial na monitoração dos pacientes com variáveis relacionadas à maior porcentagem de intubação endotraqueal.27828

Risk factors for the indication of caesarean section in Campinas (SP)

PURPOSE: to determine the cesarean section (CS) rate in Campinas (SP) and to identify its risk factors. METHODS: a cross-sectional study that analyzed data obtained from Live Birth Certificates in 2001. The dependent variable was the type of delivery and the independent variables were: mothers? characteristics and those related to their pregnancies, deliveries and to newborns. The assessment of the association among variables was performed through the chi2 test, and crude and adjusted odds ratio (OR) values were calculated. RESULTS: the CS rate was 54.9%. The chances of having CS increased 1.9 times for women from 20-34 years old (adjOR-1.9; 95% CI:1.7-2.1); 3.7 times for those over 35 years old (adjOR-3.8; 95% CI:3.2-4.5); 1.5 times for those who studied from 8-11 years (adjOR-1.5; 95% CI:1.4-1.6); 2.5 times for those who studied more than 11 years (adjOR-2.6; 95% CI:2.2-2.9); 1.3 times for those who were married (adjOR-1.3; 95 % CI:1.2-1.4); 1.6 times for those who had jobs (adjOR-1.6; 95% CI:1.5-1.8); 1.2 times for who had good living conditions (adjOR-1.2; 95% CI:1.0-1.3); 2.2 times for primiparous (adjOR-2.2; 95% CI:1.9-2.5), 1.6 times for multiparous (adjOR-1.6; 95% CI:1.4-1.9) and 2.7 times in twin gestations (adjOR-2.7; 95% CI:1.9-3.9). The women who had inadequate prenatal care were protected for CS (adjOR-0.6; 95% CI:0.5-0.7). CONCLUSION: the chance of having CS was greater among women with better socio-economic conditions, with adequate prenatal care, for primiparous, for multiparous and in twin gestations, suggesting that the basis for indication of cesarean sections were not restricted to clinical factors but influenced by non-medical reasons.OBJETIVO: conhecer a freqüência de cesarianas em Campinas (SP), e identificar fatores de risco para sua ocorrência. MÉTODOS: estudo transversal no qual se analisaram dados das Declarações de Nascidos Vivos de 2001. A variável dependente foi o tipo de parto e as variáveis independentes foram as características maternas, gestacionais, do parto e do recém-nascido. Na avaliação da associação entre variáveis empregou-se o teste do chi2 e calcularam-se valores de odds ratio (OR) brutos e ajustados. RESULTADOS: a taxa de cesáreas foi 54,9%. As chances de cesárea foram aumentadas 1,9 vezes para mulheres de 20 a 34 anos (OR ajustado (ORaj)=1,9; IC a 95%:1,7-2,1); 3,7 para as maiores de 35 anos (ORaj=3,8; IC a 95%:3,2-4,5); 1,5 para as que estudaram até o ensino médio (ORaj=1,5; IC a 95%:1,4-1,6); 2,5 para as com ensino superior (ORaj=2,6; IC a 95%:2,2-2,9); 1,3 para as com companheiro (ORaj=1,3; IC a 95%:1,2-1,4); 1,6 para as que trabalhavam (ORaj=1,6; IC a 95%:1,5-1,8); 1,2 para as que moravam em regiões com melhores Índices de Condição de Vida (ORaj=1,2; IC a 95%:1,0-1,3); 2,2 para as primíparas (ORaj=2,2; IC a 95%:1,9-2,5); 1,6 para as multíparas (ORaj=1,6; IC a 95%:1,4-1,9) e 3,1 vezes nas gestações duplas (ORaj=3,1; IC a 95%:2,2-4,4). As mulheres com menos de sete consultas foram protegidas da cesárea (ORaj=0,6; IC a 95%:0,5-0,7). CONCLUSÕES: as chances para indicação de cesareana foram mais elevadas para mulheres de melhor nível socioeconômico, para as com pré-natal adequado, as primíparas, as multíparas e nas gestações duplas, sugerindo que essa indicação não se baseou somente em normas técnicas, mas também em razões não-médicas.344

Comparison of quality of life questionnaires and their correlation with the clinical course of patients with psoriasis

BACKGROUND: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis characterized by erythematous, scaly lesions covering extensive areas of the skin and negatively affecting patients' quality of life by interfering in their personal life, social relationships and routine activities. Treatment offers reasonable control of the condition; however, little importance is generally given to the patient's impression. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the quality of life of patients with psoriasis, to verify whether there is a correlation between quality of life and clinical improvement and to compare two quality of life questionnaires and evaluate their equivalence. METHODS: Patients over 18 years of age attending the psoriasis outpatient clinic at the Teaching Hospital of the University of Campinas (UNICAMP), who were either initiating treatment or changing to a new form of treatment, were included in the study. Patients answered two quality of life questionnaires (the Psoriasis Disability Index and the Dermatological Life Quality Index) up to a total of 180 consultations to evaluate whether there is a correlation between the questionnaires. Patients were also rated using a clinical index (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index) at baseline and at follow-up visits. RESULTS: The study involved 138 patients (76 men; mean age 50 years). A correlation was found between the questionnaires and the clinical index, showing that clinical changes are reflected in quality of life. The two questionnaires were found to be equivalent. CONCLUSION: It was found that both clinical condition and quality of life improved in the majority of patients receiving care at this outpatient clinic and that the quality of life questionnaires are equivalent.FUNDAMENTO: A psoríase é uma dermatose inflamatória crônica caracterizada por lesões eritemato-descamativas que atingem extensas áreas da pele, comprometendo a qualidade de vida dos pacientes por interferir na sua vida pessoal, no relacionamento social e nas atividades diárias. O tratamento permite um bom controle, mas a impressão do paciente, quase sempre, é pouco valorizada. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a qualidade de vida de pacientes psoriáticos, verificar se há correlação desta com melhoras clínicas e se há equivalência entre dois questionários de qualidade de vida. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos no estudo pacientes maiores de 18 anos que estavam no início ou troca de tratamento no ambulatório de psoríase do Hospital de Clínicas da Unicamp. Eles responderam dois questionários de qualidade de vida (Psoriasis Disability Index e Dermatological Life Quality Index), até completar 180 atendimentos, para avaliar se haveria correlação entre os questionários. Receberam também um índice clínico (Índice de Área e de Severidade da Psoríase) no tempo inicial da pesquisa e nos retornos subsequentes. RESULTADOS: A pesquisa foi realizada com 138 pacientes (76 homens, idade média de 50 anos). Observou-se correlação entre os questionários aplicados e o índice clínico, mostrando que alterações clínicas se refletem na qualidade de vida, e que há equivalência entre os questionários. CONCLUSÃO: Constatou-se que a maioria dos pacientes atendidos no ambulatório tem apresentado melhora clínica e da qualidade de vida e que há equivalência entre os questionários de qualidade de vida.454

Mouth breathing and forward head posture: effects on respiratory biomechanics and exercise capacity in children

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate submaximal exercise tolerance and respiratory muscle strength in relation to forward head posture (FHP) and respiratory mode in children, comparing mouth-breathing (MB) children with nasal-breathing (NB) children. METHODS: This was a controlled, analytical cross-sectional study involving children in the 8-12 year age bracket with a clinical otorhinolaryngology diagnosis of MB, recruited between October of 2010 and January of 2011 from the Mouth Breather Clinic at the State University of Campinas Hospital de Clínicas, located in the city of Campinas, Brazil. The exclusion criteria were obesity, asthma, chronic respiratory diseases, heart disease, and neurological or orthopedic disorders. All of the participants underwent postural assessment and the six-minute walk test (6MWT), together with determination of MIP and MEP. RESULTS: Of the 92 children in the study, 30 presented with MB and 62 presented with NB. In the MB group, the differences between those with moderate or severe FHP and those with normal head posture, in terms of the mean MIP, MEP and six-minute walk distance (6MWD), were not significant (p = 0.079, p = 0.622, and p = 0.957, respectively). In the NB group, the mean values of MIP and MEP were higher in the children with moderate FHP than in those with normal head posture (p = 0.003 and p = 0.004, respectively). The mean MIP, MEP, and 6MWD were lower in the MB group than in the NB group. Values of MIP and MEP were highest in the children with moderate FHP. CONCLUSIONS: Respiratory biomechanics and exercise capacity were negatively affected by MB. The presence of moderate FHP acted as a compensatory mechanism in order to improve respiratory muscle function.OBJETIVO: Avaliar a tolerância ao exercício submáximo e a força muscular respiratória em relação à anteriorização da cabeça (AC) e ao tipo respiratório em crianças com respiração bucal (RB) ou nasal (RN). MÉTODOS: Estudo analítico transversal com um grupo controle no qual foram incluídas crianças de 8 a 12 anos com diagnóstico clínico otorrinolaringológico de RB, recrutadas do Ambulatório do Respirador Bucal do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas (SP), entre outubro de 2010 e janeiro de 2011. Os critérios de exclusão foram obesidade, asma, doenças respiratórias crônicas, cardiopatias e distúrbios neurológicos ou ortopédicos. Todos os participantes foram submetidos a avaliação postural, teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6) e determinação de PImáx e PEmáx. RESULTADOS: Das 92 crianças do estudo, 30 tinham RB e 62 tinham RN. No grupo RB, não houve diferenças nas médias de PImáx, PEmáx e distância percorrida pelo TC6 (DTC6) entre o grupo com AC classificada como grave ou moderada e aquele com AC normal (p = 0,622; p = 0,957; e p = 0,079, respectivamente). No grupo RN, as médias de PImáx e PEmáx foram maiores no grupo com AC moderada do que naquele com AC normal (p = 0,003 e p = 0,004, respectivamente). Os valores de PImáx, PEmáx e DTC6 foram menores no grupo RB do que no grupo RN. A presença de AC moderada determinou maiores valores de PImáx e PEmáx. CONCLUSÕES: A RB afetou negativamente a biomecânica respiratória e a capacidade de exercício. A presença de AC moderada atuou como um mecanismo de compensação para uma melhor função da musculatura respiratória.47147

Lack Of Association Between Nutritional Status And Change In Clinical Category Among Hiv-infected Children In Brazil.

Malnutrition is common among HIV-infected children. Our objective was to study the occurrence of malnutrition and its relationship with changes in clinical category among HIV-infected children. Longitudinal study, at the Pediatrics Department and Pediatrics Investigation Center (CIPED), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp). We reviewed the hospital records of 127 vertically HIV-infected children. Anthropometric measurements were obtained at the beginning of follow-up, at clinical category change and five months later. These were converted to z-scores of weight/age, height/age and weight/height. Data were presented as means, standard deviations, frequency counts and percentages. The Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis tests and odds ratios were used in the analysis. We found that 51 (40.2%) were undernourished and 40 (31.5%) were stunted, with higher risk of being included in clinical category C. There was an association between nutritional condition and the clinical categories of the Centers for Disease Control classification (1994), and with age at symptom onset (except for height z-score). During follow-up, 36 patients (28.4%) changed their clinical category, which occurred early among the undernourished patients. The group that changed its clinical category maintained the same z-score distribution for weight, height and weight/height throughout follow-up. Aids manifestation severity was associated with nutritional status and with age at symptom onset, but change in clinical category was not followed by worsening of nutritional status.12362-

Characteristics of adolescent mothers and their newborns and risk factors associated to pregnancy in Campinas, SP, Brazil

OBJECTIVES: to describe mothers' and newborns' profiles and to indicate risk factors associated to patterns during adolescence. METHODS: cross sectional study analyzing adolescents giving birth in Campinas, SP, Brazil in 2001. The profiles were described according to mothers' social-demographic characteristics and those related to their pregnancies and newborns. The association between variables was tested through the chi-square test and crude odds-ratio (OR). To obtain adjusted OR, a model of logistical regression was used. RESULTS: in 2001, 17.8% of the mothers were adolescents. Out of these, 48.4% hadn't finished elementary school, 59.9% had no partners, 87.6% no job, 46.0% had low conditions of life. Most of them were primiparas, 21.6% had had one child or more, 35.2% had had six doctor's visits at most, 36.2% had C-sections, 7.5% of the newborns were premature, 9.7% weighed 2.499 grams at most and 30.3% weighed between 2.500 and 2.999 grams. Teenage pregnancies were associated to unmarried (formal or commom-law) women from poor regions (Northwest [ORaj=1.30; 95%CI=1.07-1.59] and Southwest [ORaj=1.22; 95%CI=1.01-1.47]), (ORaj=2.63; 95%CI=2.35-2.94), without incomes (ORaj=3.29; 95%CI=2.85-3.79) and adequate prenatal care (ORaj=1.22;95%CI=1.09-1.38). CONCLUSIONS: adolescent mothers' profiles and characteristics of their pregnancies were mainly determined by unfavourable life conditions. Different sectors of society should work together to support adolescents in their choices.OBJETIVOS: descrever o perfil das mães e seus recém-nascidos e apontar fatores de risco para gravidez na adolescência. MÉTODOS: estudo transversal que analisou os nascimentos de filhos de adolescentes ocorridos em Campinas, SP, Brasil em 2001. Identificou-se o perfil pelas características sociodemográficas maternas, relacionadas às gestações, aos partos e recém-nascidos. Realizou-se teste de qui-quadrado e calcularam-se os odds ratio (OR) brutos. Para os OR ajustados, empregou-se modelo de regressão logística. RESULTADOS: as adolescentes eram 17,8% das mães. Dessas, 48,4% tinham até sete anos de estudo, 59,9% não tinham companheiro, 87,6% não trabalhavam, 46,0% viviam em regiões com baixas condições de vida; a maioria era primípara, 21,6% tinham um filho ou mais, 35,2% fizeram menos que sete consultas no pré-natal. Dos recém-nascidos, 7,5% nasceram prematuros, 36,2% por cesárea, 9,7% com baixo peso e 30,3% com peso insuficiente. Encontraram-se associações entre gravidez na adolescência e mulheres sem companheiro (ORaj=2,63; IC95%=2,35-2,94), sem ocupação (ORaj=3,29; IC95%=2,85-3,79), de regiões com baixas condições de vida (Noroeste [ORaj=1,30; IC95%=1,07-1,59] e Sudoeste [ORaj=1,22; IC95%=1,01-1,47]) e com pré-natal inadequado (ORaj=1,22; IC95%=1,09-1,38). CONCLUSÕES: o perfil das mães adolescentes e dos seus partos e os fatores de risco para gravidez na adolescência relacionaram-se principalmente com condições socioeconômicas desfavoráveis, sugerindo que as intervenções requerem ações intersetoriais.41942

Whey And Soy Protein Supplements Changes Body Composition In Patients With Crohn's Disease Undergoing Azathioprine And Anti-tnf-alpha Therapy.

Crohn´s disease (CD) is a chronic transmural inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract of unknown cause. Malnutrition associated with active CD has been reduced although obesity has increased. Dietary strategies such as those with high-protein have been proposed to reduce body fat. This study compares the effects of two supplements on the nutritional status of CD patients. 68 CD patients were randomized in two groups: whey protein group (WP) and soy protein group (SP). Using bioimpedance analysis, anthropometry and albumin and pre-albumin dosages the nutritional status was measured before starting the intervention and after 8 and 16 weeks. The disease activity was determined by Crohn's Disease Activity Index and serum C-reactive protein dosage and dietary intake by 24h dietary recalls. Forty-one patients concluded the study and both supplements changed body composition similarly. Triceps skin fold thickness (p< 0.001) and body fat percentage (p=0.001) decreased, whereas mid-arm muscle circumference (p=0.004), corrected arm muscle area (p=0.005) and body lean percentage (p=0.001) increased. For Crohn's disease patients undergoing anti TNF-alpha and azatioprine therapies, supplementation with whey and soy proteins changes body composition through reduction of body fat and thus contributes to control inflammation.311603-161